Where to start building a house?
Construction of a private house is a serious task, the solution of which is not always connected with the financial side of the issue. Indeed, in addition to objective reasons, there are a number of organizational issues that stop developers. Not everyone has an idea about the stages of building a house on a site and does not know how to start building a house.
The fear of making a mistake, the variety of construction activities, and the need to obtain special permits are serious obstacles to making your dreams come true. When deciding to build a house, carefully consider the nuances, formulate an action plan, and determine the sequence of organizational and preparatory activities.
Building your own home is not an easy task, and it’s not for lack of significant savings. This is an objective reason
Investing money, expensive time and a bit of warmth into the construction of a private house, people want to build a comfortable building with an increased service life. Therefore, it is important to avoid mistakes at the preparatory stage. Let's take a closer look at where to start building a house on a site. We will dwell on design activities, obtaining permits, and step by step understand the construction features.
Where to start building a house
You can begin to implement construction plans only after you have purchased the site and have legally formalized the transaction correctly. By purchasing a plot on which construction will take place country house, please pay attention to the following points:
- distance of the site from the center of the settlement. The ideal option is a location within the city limits or at a short distance from the city (up to 10 km);
- the area of the land. The recommended ratio of plot size to building area is 10:1;
- proximity to infrastructure. The location in close proximity to kindergartens, educational institutions, retail outlets, and medical institutions contributes to comfortable living conditions;
- ease of access. Proximity to transport routes with asphalt surface is desirable, as well as location of public transport stops nearby;
- supply of utility networks. It is possible to quickly develop and put into operation a site with buildings if there are existing water supply lines, electrical energy and sewage disposal networks;
To start construction you need to have a certain budget and land plot
- environmental cleanliness. Favorable living conditions are possible far from hazardous industries, landfills, wastewater treatment plants, and swamps;
- type of soil. The bearing capacity of the soil determines the number of storeys of the building and influences the choice of foundation for the building;
- existing capital buildings. If there is a previously built house with outbuildings on the territory, you should assess the condition of the buildings and decide whether they will have to be demolished, which may entail additional costs;
- results of geological research. Testing the soil, water, and analyzing geological sections will help you make a decision on the type of foundation, which will help you avoid problem situations in the future.
At the preparatory stage it is necessary to determine:
- A unified style of the territory and the future building. Harmonious combination design solutions will allow you to create an original exterior, rationally arrange a residential building and auxiliary buildings.
- When to start construction works. Considering the increased duration of the activities, it is advisable to begin construction in the spring, when the temperature exceeds plus 5 degrees Celsius.
- Material for the construction of a building. View building material affects the amount of costs, the ability to independently perform work, the service life of the building, as well as comfortable conditions accommodation.
The design will depend appearance structure, its location, choice of material, etc.
- Who will carry out the construction. Self-construction allows you to reduce costs, but requires special qualifications and assistants. Connecting a general contractor will allow you to reduce construction time and allow professionals to complete the full range of work, from preparing documentation to interior and exterior finishing.
- Financial opportunities. The construction budget is influenced by the design features of the building, the configuration of the roof, the type of foundation, and the number of floors of the building. Costs will increase when organizing a basement, as well as additional buildings (garage, bathhouse, swimming pool).
- coordinate with the relevant services the issues of disconnecting the power supply engineering communications;
- dismantle old buildings;
- inform the BTI about the dismantling of buildings;
- remove construction waste;
- clear the site.
- Purchasing a finished project. This will allow you to use a standard solution and reduce the amount of money spent.
- Development of an individual project. It is carried out by professional architects and requires increased funding.
- Independent design. Requires high engineering training and can incur significant costs in case of errors.
- sketch part. Contains sketches that provide general information about the concept and structure of the future structure;
- architectural section. Includes detailed information about the layout, size, location of residential premises, sanitary facilities, basement and additional buildings;
- Constructive decisions. Combines calculation results, drawings related to the foundation structure, roof structure, walls and partitions;
- engineering part. Describes connection and wiring features electrical equipment, water supply, ventilation, heating, and sewer lines.
- Possibility of increasing the number of floors and area. It is implemented by concreting a reinforced base, installing powerful floor beams, and analyzing the layout of the surrounding area.
- A serious approach to design. It is necessary to take into account the specifics of connecting to utility networks, and, if necessary, agree with the owners of neighboring properties on the nuances of connecting to common highways.
- The feasibility of performing a topographic survey of the site. This will make it possible to clearly define land boundaries in the area and prevent unforeseen disputes with neighbors.
- a handwritten application requesting permission to build;
- title documents for the land plot;
- a copy of the developed and approved construction project;
- a photocopy of the license of the organization that performed the design;
- an extract from the cadastre for the land plot containing information about the purpose, location, area.
- draw up an inspection report from the geosurveillance service land plot. It is drawn up on the basis of documents confirming the completion of topographic surveys and the removal of the contours of the site and the axes of the building in local conditions;
- obtain a construction passport for a private building. For registration, personal documents, a survey report and construction plans are required;
- coordinate the construction plan with the sanitary-epidemiological service, architecture department, gas industry, electrical network management, fire inspection.
If there are dilapidated buildings, it is necessary:
Project preparation
Before you start building a house, prepare a project. The following options are possible:
It would also be useful for those who order a project to know the content of the project
The residential building project includes the following sections:
When preparing documents, always comply with the law, otherwise your construction will fall into the category of “sabotage”
Remember that in the absence of a project, construction may be considered illegal. This may cause the “freezing” of construction activities, as well as the dismantling of the erected structure.
Obtaining permission to build a country house
To obtain permission from the local administration to build a private house, prepare the documents specified in the list:
Completing documents for building a house is a process that can take more than one month, especially if there are any comments
The list of documents required to obtain a permit differs in different regions. It is advisable to clarify the completeness of the materials submitted for consideration with the administration at the location of the site.
You should also:
The initial stages of constructing a residential building on your own land largely determine what the final structure will be.
They can be done independently if the owner has the skills and time, or you can resort to the services of professionals.
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Step-by-step actions
There are the following series of initial stages of building a house on your own site that must be followed:
| Site definition | Where this person will build (if the land already exists, then the stage is skipped) and its purchase. It makes sense to choose a site with a slight slope so that water flows from it. It is desirable that it has various communications - a road, preferably so that a truck can pass along it; electricity; drainage and water supply. In the absence of such communications, it makes sense to find out how much it will cost the owner to extend the site with the installation of all the required devices. The type of soil that would be suitable for constructing a well should be taken into account. Environmental factor (absence of hazardous industries nearby). Availability of social infrastructure (shops, schools, hospitals) |
| If available or after purchasing a plot | The owner identifies a developer who draws up a project for the future home |
| It also makes sense for the owner to hire a builder or technical supervision engineer | Which will only be engaged in monitoring all performers, in this case the load on the owner himself is reduced |
| Next, a general contractor is determined for the finished project | With whom the agreement is concluded |
| Estimates for materials are prepared | The actions performed, as well as prices |
After this, the initial stages are completed, and the contractor proceeds directly to the work, and the technical supervision specialist monitors how it progresses.
Private house project
The general rule is that only one building of this type is erected on a separate site, but no more (household structures may be present in larger numbers).
For a private house project, the following recommendations apply:
| Its area is determined based on the size of the area | So, on a standard six hundred square meters, it makes sense to build a house measuring 60 square meters. meters |
| Distance between this building and the external street | There must be at least five meters, and three meters to the neighbors' land. From the outbuilding to the property limits - 5 m |
| If a residential building and other objects are wooden | The distance between them is allowed at 15 meters, if stone, then 10 m. |
| Forest | Should be located from the building with the same gap of 15 meters |
| It is required not to direct rainwater to other areas | — |
| Boiler volume for heating | At least 15 cubic meters. It should be located at least 2.5 m above the ground. It needs ventilation |
| When creating a water supply system for a residential building | It is necessary that the water flow under a pressure of at least 0.1 megapascal |
| restroom | Placed one meter, but not less, from the site boundaries |
Obtaining permission for individual housing construction
The owner of the plot can obtain permission for individual housing construction:
- at the federal executive authority;
- related to the subject of the federation;
- of municipal importance, in most cases the owners receive it from such organizations, their capacity being local administrations in whose ward territory the land plot is located.
The document with permission is drawn up directly by its department or division in charge of architecture and urban planning.
Site preparation
Preparing the site for construction includes the following actions:
| General clearing of the area | On which the residential building will appear, it includes:
|
| Arrangement of passage | For cars in its absence |
| Creating an area where building materials will be stored | In the future, its quantity will be large in volume, but there is no need for it to be on this site at the same time, bringing it in stages, so its area may not be so large (at the same time, purchasing everything at once may be cheaper due to wholesale discounts, so You can also consider this option by making the zone itself larger). Such a site should be located so as not to interfere with construction. It makes sense to put up a canopy to protect materials |
| Construction site fencing | To prevent neighbors and other people from outside from monitoring the construction, such a temporary fence can be erected from an inexpensive base |
| Transferring the house project to the site | To do this, in the allotted area, using pegs, mark all the places that correspond to certain points on the diagrams |
What documents will be needed
In order to build a house on the site, you will need to obtain a certain set of documents.
First of all, this is the construction permit itself; to issue it, you need to collect a separate package of papers:
- application for development;
- title document (certificate) for land;
- urban planning plan of the territory belonging to this person;
- a plan diagram of the area on which to mark the point where the house will appear.
Based on this kit, the specified document (building permit) is provided, after which it must be included in the kit along with:
- technical passport of the structure;
- also cadastral;
- paper confirming receipt of a postal address;
- permission to operate;
- the said certificate of title.
Without permission to operate, you can put into operation houses built before March 1, 2019, but not later (“dacha amnesty”).
What materials will it be built from?
The owners of the site need to determine what materials they will use when constructing a residential building.
At the same time, they should focus on whether they intend to live in it throughout the year or only during the warm season, without appearing there in the winter.
Budgetary constraints also need to be taken into account. Finally, their design requests also have some significance.
Among the most common materials:
Who will carry out the work
There are three options for performing work on the construction of a residential building. In particular these are:
| Carrying out the work independently by the owner of the site together with relatives | Other acquaintances can also be involved in it, in this case you can:
|
| Construction of a house by one professional company (general contractor) | Which enters into an agreement with the owner under which it undertakes to complete all work by a certain point, in this case the specialists on its staff:
|
| Hybrid option | Occurring quite often, since the owners can take on some of the work themselves, but not others, in such a situation it is possible to hire a number of organizations (or even individual specialists) to effectively solve individual problems at an affordable price, the same work that he is able to carry out himself the owner and his relatives remain so. However, the owner or his representative will need to select such structures or single professionals, assessing their qualifications (whereas the general contractor is a well-known, trusted company that is responsible for the qualifications of all workers and the results of the actions). In this case, the problem of responsibility for any problems often arises, since individual organizations will shift the blame to each other if the result is inappropriate; in the end, there is an opportunity to save money, but only if you manage to control all participants |
How to calculate finances correctly
When calculating the budget that will be required for the construction of a building, you should keep in mind that it will increase if the following factors are present:
- creation of an individual project, different from the standard ones;
- capital foundation;
- a significant number of rooms inside the facility, including inside several floors;
- complex outlines of the structure;
- choosing a sloping roof;
- the presence of such elements as a swimming pool, winter garden, basement, balcony.
Of course, costs will also increase if you choose expensive materials. On the contrary, they will decrease if:
- standard project;
- the form of the structure is standard;
- there is no second floor;
- fewer internal partitions - their thickness is not so great, the same applies to this parameter for external walls;
- windows occupy more surface space;
- roof configuration that requires less lumber
Building your own home is not an easy task, and it’s not for lack of significant savings. This is an objective reason.
Many people are stopped by the fact that they do not know where to start building a house on their site. The variety of types of work, costs, documents, time, the risk of making a mistake and its possible consequences are scary. Our goal is to provide information on how to step by step complete all stages of building a private house with your own hands. And the final decision is yours.
Individual housing construction - what is it?
Decoding the abbreviation individual housing construction- This is individual housing construction. Individual housing construction involves the construction of a residential building on a privately owned plot of land.
Individual housing construction objects are: residential building, extension, superstructure, garage and other permanent buildings. Those. those buildings the construction of which requires permission from local authorities and, in some cases, the consent of neighbors.
Land plot is a territory that has clearly defined boundaries. At the same time, the surface layer of the earth is also considered private property. The depth of the layer is not prescribed at the legislative level. But it is worth remembering that when you are going to dig a well, you are acting within the framework of your interests. If you plan to drill an artesian well, then you are encroaching on state property, which means that its drilling must be agreed upon and documented.
Plot for building a house
To start construction, you need to have a certain budget and land. If there is no plot, and the budget allows, you can buy it.
What you need to pay attention to when choosing a site to build a house:
- personal interests. First of all, set the direction for the search. Perhaps there are memories associated with a certain place, or you want a plot near the water, or in the forest, etc.;
- location. More in demand are plots located within the city or at a distance of 10-15 km from it;
- plot dimensions. Affect the scale of construction. In construction, the proportion is 1:10. That is, on a plot of 6 acres it would be appropriate to build a house of 60 square meters. Whether or not to follow this recommendation is up to the owner of the plot, but in the event of a sale it significantly increases the liquidity of the property;
- availability of infrastructure. Even if complete privacy is planned, it is desirable that there be several more buildings located on the development territory, a medical center, a store, a school, etc. This is especially important if the house is intended for a family with children and is planned for year-round living;
- proximity to transport. It is important for car owners to evaluate the quality of access roads and the presence/condition of asphalt pavement. So as not to end up in a situation where, in order to get home, you need to change your car to another one with a higher ground clearance. For those who do not have a car, proximity to public transport is desirable;
- availability of communications. Is it possible to connect to central heating, water supply, sewerage. Are power lines connected to the site? Owners of plots in newly created satellite villages often face this situation;
- state of ecology in the area. It may turn out that living here is fraught negative consequences(proximity of hazardous production);
- soil type. The choice of foundation and the possibility of constructing a well depend on it. In practice, it may turn out that this soil is generally not suitable for the construction of heavy objects. That is, you can put a summer house or a small dacha on it, but build two-storey house with an attic - unrealistic.
- market value of the plot. It is determined by all parameters together. The final price will depend on the owners of the site and your ability to bargain reasonably.
Advice. Having decided on a site, do not be lazy to check the legal purity of the documents and the compliance of the actual dimensions of the site with the dimensions indicated in the cadastral passport. You may be sold territory that actually belongs to someone else.
The situation with the site can develop according to two scenarios:
Firstly, permanent buildings may already be located on the site. A fairly common situation is the acquisition of a plot of land with an already built house. Now we are talking not about its restoration, but about demolition. The advantage of such a site is that the main communications are connected to it. In this case, in addition to the above parameters, you need to check the legality of communications.
Secondly, the site may not be developed. We will pay attention to this option.
Where to start building a house on an empty lot?
1. Decide on the style of the plot/house
The appearance of the building, its location, the choice of material, etc. will depend on the design.
The size of the house depends on the number of people permanently living in it. The house can be made into several floors, thus it is possible to obtain sufficient space, but not at the expense of developing the site.
Note. If you plan to dig a well, you need to immediately call the experts who will tell you where the water is. Perhaps the only place on the site where the aquifer is close to the surface will be exactly the place where it was planned to place the house. By the way, in this case, you need to talk with your neighbors and find out what quality the water is in the area.
Self-construction country house It will be easier because there is no need, for example, for heating.
2. When to start building a house?
It is better to start construction work as soon as it gets warmer - i.e. in early spring. There will be six months of good weather at your disposal. In practice, the best time to start construction is late spring. More precisely, the period when the night temperature does not drop below +5°C. At this time of year, not only will the snow melt, but also the water will leave, interfering with digging a pit or making a foundation. In addition, in warm weather, labor productivity is much higher.
Note. You should not expect to complete the construction of a house in one season. According to standards, only the foundation must survive for 1 year. And, for example, construction brick house differs in time from construction frame house. So, conservation of unfinished construction is inevitable (with the exception of prefabricated houses).
3. What material should the house be built from?
The choice will be influenced by: the period of operation of the house (for permanent residence or only in the summer), budget, environmental requirements, fashion, the ability to complete the work quickly with the involvement of specialists or with your own hands. Let's consider several options:
- . A common material for construction. The undoubted advantage of a brick house is its time-tested service life;
- . In terms of price/quality ratio, foam concrete occupies an advantageous position. A foam block made of durable cellular concrete, due to air bubbles, has good thermal conductivity and low weight;
- . This material is durable, lightweight, has high thermal conductivity and breathability, and is easy to process. Construction with aerated concrete does not impose any special requirements on the construction of the foundation;
- . It is practiced less frequently due to the high cost of the material. Arbolite blocks are a type of lightweight concrete, consisting of a mixture of cement and crushed wood (chips). Characterized by low water absorption and high thermal insulation properties;
- frame or modular construction. A special feature is the availability of modular designs. They are cheaper, and the work is completed in a short time. This structure is lightweight and therefore does not require significant foundation costs;
- construction wooden house. In terms of cost and manufacturability of work, it belongs to the category of luxury construction:
Do not forget that any building material has both advantages and disadvantages that need to be eliminated.
What to build a permanent home from?
A brief comparative description of materials for building a cottage in the table (approximate prices for 2016-2017). Which one is better is up to you to decide.
| Material | Arbolit | Frame construction | Beam/log |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cost, rub/m3 | from 000 | From 000 sq.m. area | From 8 000 |
| Construction period | 4-6 months | 1-2 months | 3-4 months |
| Construction start time | End of spring | all-season | The beginning of spring |
| Advantages | - speed; - reliability; - thermal conductivity. |
- speed; - no shrinkage; - light weight. |
- speed; - environmental friendliness; - no need for finishing. |
| Flaws | - price; - need for finishing; - presence of counterfeit. |
- price; - additional finishing; - risk of fire; - low noise insulation. |
- shrinkage is possible; - drying of wood; - the need to attract specialists. |
4. Who will build the house?
The solution to this issue involves choosing from three options:
The work is entrusted to the general contractor
This is a company that undertakes to deliver a turnkey project. The set of services includes everything from site assessment and project development to finishing work. Searching and delivering material is also their responsibility. The general contractor may involve subcontractors. But he must invest within the agreed time frame and budget.
The work is done entirely by hand
It is worth mentioning that it is almost impossible for one person to build a house. This implies the involvement of assistants from among friends and relatives, at least one of whom knows the procedure for performing work of a certain type. This option allows you to save up to 20% on the cost of materials (often contractors include their interest in the cost of the purchased material), as well as up to 100% on the cost of work. In addition, full control over the construction process is exercised.
Disadvantages of the do-it-yourself approach:
- increase in construction period;
- lack of knowledge and experience in performing this or that type of work;
- difficulties in obtaining design and permitting documentation;
- responsibility for the result of construction.
Some are done in-house and some are done by subcontractors.
The most common and realistic way. In this case, the owner performs independently that part of the work that he is able to do, and specialists are brought in for the remaining tasks. At the same time, the customer, being on the construction site, can quickly assess the quality of work.
But this approach is fraught with disadvantages:
- searching for highly specialized companies takes a lot of time, and the cost of their services is higher. As a rule, they turn to handicraftsmen (shabashniks), but there is no confidence in the quality of the work;
- complete control over the progress of work. If the owner unknowingly missed some point in the construction, no one will point out the mistake. Hired people do their part of the work and leave;
- violation of deadlines. There may be some part of the work that was not completed on time. Because of this, the construction of a cottage with your own hands will have to be suspended, which is fraught with additional payments and loss of time;
- shared responsibility. When a marriage occurs, it is difficult to find the culprit. For example, tilers will blame the mason or plasterer for crooked walls, or the floor was poured incorrectly. And there are many such examples.
Note. Users advise hiring craftsmen who will do the next stage of work and evaluate the work of the previous ones. This way they take responsibility for their part of the work.
5. Budget for building a house
After all of the above, it makes sense to reconsider the construction budget.
What increases construction costs:
- individually developed project;
- complex structure configuration;
- the presence of balconies, basements, winter garden, garage, swimming pool, sauna, etc.;
- a significant number of rooms;
- broken roof;
- use of unreasonably expensive materials in construction.
What reduces the cost (what to save on):
- ready-made standard project;
- simple form of structure;
- refusal of the second floor in favor of the attic (subjective);
- the presence of a significant number of windows;
- reduction of partitions;
- reasonable choice of foundation type;
- reasonable thickness of external and internal walls;
- choosing a roof configuration that allows rational use of lumber and minimizing waste of roofing material.
Cost ratio for building a house
| Work cycle | Contents of the cycle | % of total costs |
|---|---|---|
| Preparatory | - preparation of documents; - search for contractors; - purchase or development of a project. |
0-1 |
| Null | - digging a pit; - pouring the foundation. |
15-35 (depending on the type of foundation) |
| Elementary | civil works: - construction of walls; - installation rafter system and roofs; - conservation of unfinished buildings if necessary. |
35-50 (depending on the number of partitions, roof configuration and cost of roofing material) |
| Final | - filling window and door openings. | 5-15 (depending on number, area, material) |
| Engineering work | - laying of intra-house communications and their connection to central networks; - installation of electrical wiring; - plumbing work; - heating and insulation. |
15 |
At this point the planning stage is over, it’s time to move on to direct action.
The beginning of work on a site with dilapidated buildings includes the demolition of old buildings and clearing of debris from the area. The demolition of the building must be reported to the local BTI and a document must be obtained confirming the exclusion of the demolished house from the federal register.
If the house was connected to communications, you need to coordinate their disconnection before demolition with the relevant services, for example, the gas service. It's easier when the site is empty.
In this case, the sequence of work can be presented step by step:
Step 1 - Private house project
As already mentioned, there can be three ways to acquire projects.
Firstly, buy a ready-made project. The cost of a house project depends on its complexity and uniqueness. The price starts from 3,000 rubles.Secondly, contact an architect. The cost of developing an individual project starts from 20 thousand rubles. At the same time, carrying out the project and author’s control over its implementation in practice is paid additionally.
Third, develop the project yourself. How to develop a house project yourself without sufficient knowledge? Based on the example provided below.
Most people dream of living in their own home. And it’s even better if it is built according to your own design and, perhaps, even with your own hands. Building a house is not a quick and very difficult process even for a trained person. Most people are building a house for the first and perhaps the last time in their lives, and therefore some mistakes and, accordingly, losses simply cannot be avoided. This article was written to protect you from miscalculations.
Selection of land
Before you think about where to start building a house, you need to think about the feasibility of this process and assess the timing and cost. If you have decided on this and decided on the project, then first of all you need to choose a plot of land for the building, because this is a very responsible and important moment for building a house. If there is one, then there will be much less worries.
It is clear that plots for building a house within the city are much more expensive than on the outskirts or in the suburbs. If the land has a surprisingly low price, then it is worth considering whether everything is in order with it from a legal point of view.
Any start of construction of an apartment building or a private one should only take place when certain general rules and requirements for the site of future construction:
- The size of the construction site should be optimal (not too large and not too small).
- The area should not be low-lying or swampy.
- The priority is a rectangular or square shape of the site.
- The territory must have access roads for special equipment and vehicles and free access to water.
- The site must provide the possibility of connecting utilities and have no restrictions for construction.
- It is desirable that the place is located in an environmentally friendly area.
Permission to build a house
The next stage is obtaining permission to start building a house. Documents can be obtained from the administration of the locality where the site is located. This procedure requires a cadastral passport and a certificate of ownership, a house design, as well as a diagram of the land plot with the designation of the construction site on it.
After 10 days from the date of submission of the application, the developer issues a permit. During this period, the provided data is verified. After all, this is a responsible matter - starting the construction of a house; the documents for it must be in order.
Choosing a house project
After all approvals and permission have been obtained, you can begin choosing a house project. You can develop it yourself or contact a design organization for a standard diagram.
It is advisable to have professionals handle the house project. Specialists know where to start building a house and how to properly prepare everything necessary. Ready project It’s cheaper and allows you to fully view your future home from any angle.
If such documentation is developed independently, then after completing all the work it must be shown to a specialist who will point out any inaccuracies, as well as make suggestions and give advice. The finished project must go through the approval stage in the utility services, and then in the architecture department. Even at the stage of choosing a house project, it is necessary to start from the amount available to the future homeowner. You need to decide on the material and area of a private house. Also in the cost estimate you should definitely include the cost of construction services and the item of emergency, unforeseen expenses.
What can affect the increase in construction costs?
Before you start building a private house, you need to remember that there are cases when the overall cost of this process becomes more expensive. This:
- complexity of configuration and presence of decor;
- a large number of small rooms, including balconies and basements;
- the presence of rooms of non-standard shape and high ceilings;
- roof of unusual shape, etc.
Reducing the cost of building a house
Some structural elements when designing a house make construction cheaper. This:
- replacing the second floor with an attic;
- simple house shape, square or rectangular, with a smooth facade;
- a large number of windows;
- minimum internal partitions.
Determining the size of living space
It is clear that the area of the future house depends on the amount of cash of the future owner and the number of people who will live there. Starting construction, a residential building in particular, requires thoughtful action. It is important to decide on the area, because the living space should be spacious and comfortable for everyone. The project must take into account areas for sleeping and resting, kitchen, toilet rooms, corridors, storage rooms, etc.
You need to decide in advance on the number of floors. A house with an area of no more than 100 square meters. m can be built one-story. And if you dream of a mansion, then you should think about building the second and third floors.
An important factor is, especially during such actions as the start of construction of a private house, arrangement of the basement. Need to find out if there is a nearby groundwater etc. If the soil topography allows, then you can equip a spacious basement in the house and arrange a billiard room, sauna or workshop there.
A house built on a hill must have a basement floor, in which you can create a garage for a car, storage rooms, and perhaps even a kitchen. It must be made of moisture-resistant materials and be resistant to various weather disasters.
What kind of house to build?
Brick houses are the most popular. But recently, gas silicate buildings are on the same level with them. The second most popular are frame houses (wooden or metal) using various insulating fillers and, as a rule, lined with brick.
Comparative characteristics of frame and block houses
The main differences between heavy block and light frame houses:
- A house made of blocks must be built on a deep foundation belt type, and the beginning of construction of a frame house is carried out on a simple columnar basis.
- IN frame houses all floors are wooden or metal, and in block buildings they are made of reinforced concrete or beams.
- Construction of a frame house requires less investment of time and money. A house made of “piecemeal” materials can last more than 100 years, but it heats up more slowly in the summer and cools down in the winter.
- The construction of frame houses does not cause a lot of construction waste and does not require so-called “wet” processes, so the technology itself for constructing a frame house looks more compact and aesthetically pleasing.
Houses made of timber
Houses made of timber are very popular among owners of suburban areas. These are very durable and warm buildings made from natural material- wood, which is important in the fight for the environment.
In order for novice workers not to make mistakes, it is necessary to stock up on some knowledge about materials and installation methods, since starting to build a house from timber requires certain skills. For the construction of private dwellings, glued laminated timber is mainly used, which is insulated on the outside and only after that the interior is finished.
House foundation
Before building a house, you need to get rid of unnecessary structures, if any, remove debris from the territory and prepare the area for the foundation. It bears the heaviest load, so it must be strong, solid and reliable. There is no point in saving on this, because the foundation is the foundation of the house, and if you want to build a home for many generations, then it is best to entrust this work to professionals.
What the foundation will be like depends on the material from which the house will be built. It is necessary to make a calculation, and only after that proceed with installation.
Where to start building a house? Many people have this question. First of all, you need to decide on the material for the walls - it could be timber, foam blocks, brick, etc.
Buildings made of concrete, ceramic blocks or bricks have thicker walls, they require a more solid foundation and take quite a long time to build. Frame buildings mainly consist of lightweight structures and insulation; they are erected very quickly and, accordingly, require less construction and foundation costs.
Choosing a house roof
The more complex the configuration of the house, the higher the cost of installing the roof. Therefore, when you have a question about where to start building a house, do not forget to take into account the roof structure in the design. Those who plan to save money can easily get by with a simple roof shape. Often such buildings are of higher quality and more reliable.
Materials for roof construction
They must be selected during the design process of the house, it depends on total weight buildings and, accordingly, the foundation itself. Which roofing materials will they come in handy?
- Sheet materials (slate, metal tiles, seam roofing). They are quite light and inexpensive. These materials are perfect for a simple roof with rectangular slopes. The main advantage is virtually waste-free installation. The only thing to remember is that under sheet materials rare lathing is required.
- Various types of tiles (bitumen, ceramic, sand-cement, etc.). Services will be useful for its installation experienced craftsman. The tiles are suitable for any type of roof. The bitumen model is considered the cheapest, but it requires continuous sheathing. Ceramic tiles- the most expensive material, but it has a very long service life. To install a ceramic roof, powerful rafters are required, as it is quite heavy.
Time to start building a house
When is the best time to start building a house? Everyone wants to do it as quickly as possible. It is advisable to start construction in the warm season - in April-May, and it is advisable to complete all the main work before the onset of cold weather. Therefore, in the spring, suburban construction sites come to life - the so-called “high” season in low-rise housing construction begins.
The construction of a brick cottage using construction equipment and an experienced team of masons will not take much time. It is recommended that all civil works be completed before the autumn rains.
How to start building a house correctly? It is necessary to immediately cover the building with a roof, then all rooms will remain dry, and there will be no problems for subsequent interior decoration.
As for a house made of stone, it will not be possible to build it within several months, since finishing work takes a lot of time, which cannot be said about a building made of timber. In this case, installation can begin almost immediately after construction and insulation. It is better to have some time left for shrinkage, since all elements of the profiled timber must “sit” firmly in the grooves under the total weight of the house structure. If the external cladding is planned with brick, then such a building will not be delivered “turnkey” before the cold weather. If you use more simple ways exterior and interior decoration, then you can become the happy owner of a new home by the end of the year.
A frame house is built immediately and without interruption. The most difficult thing in this construction option is the foundation. If you lay it in already in May, the house will be completely ready for living by the beginning of winter.
It is important to remember that any house shrinks slightly during the first year, so it is advisable to wait with the interior decoration so as not to end up with cracking surfaces. In this matter, everything basically depends on the weight of the building - a one-story house can be finished after six months, and let taller houses stand longer without decoration.
What kind of house to build - stone, wood or frame - is up to you. It depends primarily on your individual desires and preferences, as well as financial resources and capabilities. The main thing is not to waste time. Having prepared in advance for the long construction process, you will still be satisfied, since the result will be your own convenient and comfortable home.