A suburban area is not only land with a garden and plantings. Many city dwellers come there for a good rest, so you need to have a house on the site. Not all summer residents have the opportunity to build a comfortable house on six acres. Many people get out of this situation by choosing the option of building an economy class house.
Inexperienced and novice summer residents are faced with the question of choosing cheap materials for construction. Below are examples of inexpensive and cozy country houses with visual photos.
Where to start building
Any construction begins with a plan on paper. The house outside the city is not intended for year-round use, but for the sake of comfort it requires familiarization with a typical project.
Among the projects of country houses in the lead with an attic or attic. This option allows you to abandon the construction on the site of the outbuildings. All inventory and working tools are stored in the attic. In addition to such a house, you can attach a veranda or terrace that acts as a dining room.
Strip foundation requires more time and cost. The positive side of it is that it allows you to use the room under the floor as a basement.
The next stage of preparation is the material of the "box" of the future building. There are several types of inexpensive and reliable building materials:
Frame-panel structures
The frame is mounted with a beam and sheathed wooden planks Fiberboard or chipboard. Expanded polystyrene, glass wool or polystyrene are used as insulation. The result is a house with minimal cost which can be used all year round.
The house from a bar differs in the durability. Construction work will cost more. When using cheap timber, there is a chance of encountering the problem of shrinkage of the building. As a result, cracks and gaps appear. The log house will also have to be insulated.
A clay house is the cheapest and easiest construction option. Building materials are right under your feet. The construction technique is similar to clay modeling.
The downside is the building process that is too long in time. It will take several seasons to build a clay dwelling.
The trailer is common among newcomers to summer residents. The best option for living in the summer or during the construction of a comfortable home.
Construction of a frame structure
Frame construction belongs to the category of low-budget. It is not difficult to build a country house with your own hands without the help of specialists. If all the necessary materials are ready, the period of work will last several weeks.
To build a house you will need:
- bars for the frame;
- self-tapping screws and corners;
- wooden boards chipboard or fiberboard;
- insulation;
- piles for the foundation.
Stages of building a frame house
At the marked places, piles are driven in the corners. Mount concrete or brick supports under the joints of the walls. Then they cover them with waterproofing material and tie them with a channel.
A lattice of bars is laid around the entire perimeter. Wooden logs are placed on top of it at a distance of 50-60 cm from each other. All parts are fixed with corners and self-tapping screws.
Next, vertical racks are mounted, firmly resting on the bar grate. The finished frame is tied and attic logs are placed on top of it. Next comes the work on sheathing the frame with wooden slabs. At this stage, holes are left for windows and doors.
Now you need to decide on the choice of roof for a country house. Most summer residents choose gable and shed roofs. As an economy, the second option deserves more attention. When building a roof, do not forget about the vapor barrier. The roof will be inexpensive sheets of corrugated board or ondulin.
Facing the outside is done using siding. Before this, the outer walls are insulated with special materials. Instead of plastic windows install ordinary wooden without double-glazed windows. This approach will significantly reduce the cost of construction.
With the help of simple and simple tips, a country house will be ready for use in less than a month. Those who do not have enough time for construction can contact a construction company, where they will offer to build a house for a turnkey summer house at an affordable price.
A few words about the interior
No matter how the house looks from the outside, inside the country house must meet all the requirements of our time. Gone are the days when a cottage in the country was used for cooking and lodging for the night.
Rest in the country - first of all, comfort and organization inside the house. There are many budget ways to satisfy the most desirable interior solutions.
Country - rustic style in the interior. Here you can not do without cabinets and shelves, curtained with curtains with embroidery. Will look good crochet napkins, tablecloths and rugs from old clothes.
After acquiring a suburban area for a summer residence, the question of how to build a country house with your own hands becomes relevant. Well, to build it yourself is quite possible, unless, of course, a huge “palace” is conceived, requiring the involvement of construction equipment and a team of professionals.
Usually compact buildings are chosen for summer cottages, but, nevertheless, the house must have everything necessary for rest - rooms, kitchen, veranda. The latter will become a favorite place for an evening pastime all family. It is very important to make the country house cozy and comfortable, so you need to think through all the nuances of its arrangement.
The optimal material for summer cottage construction is wood, and the principle of construction is a frame structure.
Of course, the first thing that will need to be done is to decide on the place and size of the building, draw up a project, and plan further work.
Proe kt of a small country house
The size of the future house largely depends on the area suburban area, the number of family members and the material resources of the owners. If you plan correctly, draw up a successful project and choose an inexpensive but high-quality material for construction, you can save space, money and time.
In any case, the first steps are drafting Most often, a country house has a size of 5.0 × 6.0 or 4.0 × 6.0 m. Buildings of a larger area are erected much less frequently, and, mainly, in those cases when they are planned to be operated year-round. But this is more likely to be not a country house, but a full-fledged country house.
The layout of the location of the house may have to be carried out on the basis of requirements that may be established by the board of the gardening partnership, therefore, when purchasing, you need to find out about such nuances in advance. Most often, the following distances are required:
- The house should be installed at a distance of 3 meters from the border of the neighboring site, and from the fence separating the site from the general passage (street) - at 5 meters.
- In order to ensure fire safety, a stone house is placed at a distance of at least six meters from another stone structure, and ten meters from a wooden one. If the house is wooden, then it should be installed at a distance of no closer than 15 meters from another wooden structure.
- So that the house does not cover neighboring buildings from sunlight, if it is placed on the eastern, southern or western side of the site, it is located at a distance from another residential building, at least equal to its height.
Usually, the highest is chosen for the installation of a country house. place in the area where water will not collect when snow melts or from heavy rains. High humidity under the house will never benefit any building material, but it will always negatively affect the overall strength and durability of the structure.
Most often, the following technologies for its construction are chosen for the construction of country houses: frame-panel construction, log cabins, walls made of blocks or bricks.
For summer cottages, projects of one-story houses with closed or open verandas or terraces are mainly chosen. Often the building has an attic used to store garden tools and other things that seem unnecessary in everyday life, but which can always come in handy in the country. However, it also happens that in some projects there are no attic floor beams at all, and then the roof slopes also play the role of a ceiling.
If the family is large, and the area of \u200b\u200bthe plot is not as large as we would like, then you can plan two-storey house, which takes up very little space at the base. In this case, the first floor can be given over to the living room, terrace and kitchen, and on the second floor - to arrange cozy sleeping places for the whole family.
Not necessarily in a country house, to build a full-fledged second floor, since an attic superstructure can perfectly fulfill its role. Having finished it with natural materials, you can create a wonderful healthy country atmosphere there.
Country houses are mainly used in the warm season, starting with the arrival of spring and ending in autumn. Therefore, they do not require enhanced insulation of walls and roofs, but devices for space heating should still be provided - in case of cold nights or a drop in temperature during unstable weather. Usually, electrical appliances are used as heaters, for example, convectors or infrared film emitters, but sometimes owners even prefer to install fireplaces or cast-iron heating and cooking stoves.
By the way, if the construction of a real fireplace or a brick oven is planned, then they must be included in the draft project.
There are ready-made options country houses, sold as a set in unassembled form, which you just need to deliver to the site and assemble. Any such set of parts must be accompanied by detailed instructions that set out the procedure for carrying out work, the main technological methods and wiring diagrams. individual elements and nodes.
For land owner, who has basic construction skills, it will not be difficult to assemble such a country house on your own. The main advantage of this option can be called the fact that often the kit already includes everything necessary for the electrical network of the building, for its ventilation system, and even for the installation of water supply.
Video: a small, neat country house that lives up to its name
What type of house to choose?
Having decided on a rough plan for the future house, you need to choose the material for its construction. Not only the type of the building itself will depend on this choice, but also the comfort of staying in it, as well as the costs of its construction.
- The traditional material for a country house is wood, which will create a favorable microclimate in it, filling it with the smells of the forest. Wooden house can be erected in a frame way, from timber or logs. The disadvantage of wooden buildings is the high fire hazard of the material.
However, wooden houses have always been built, and many of them have stood for centuries. Today, special fire-retardant impregnations are on sale, which significantly reduce the risk of fire in wooden buildings. And in general - the most important thing here is not the material, but the human factor - precisely the neglect of elementary requirements by people fire safety In the vast majority of cases, it causes a fire.
- The construction of a brick structure will cost much more, but it can with great reason be called a full-fledged house, which can be used not only in the summer, but also, if necessary, in the winter, if you install a stove in it. Brick buildings are much less prone to fire and, with high-quality masonry, will last a very long time. Their disadvantages include a more complex and lengthy construction process, requiring special skills, and a high price for materials.
- Very often, when building a country house, different materials are used. For example, a house is built of wood, but on a foundation of concrete, brick or blocks.
This option can be called optimal, since the foundation of moisture-resistant materials will create optimal conditions for the construction of wood walls, thus becoming a reliable foundation for the house.
It is this last option that is worth considering, since it is the most popular of all types of country houses.
Stages of building a country house
Materials for building a country house
If there is no desire to mess around with calculations, then it is better to purchase a prefabricated model of a house that has a certain area, for which you will only need to prepare a place.
In all other cases, you will need to purchase building materials. Their type, size, volume, total number - all depending on the size of the planned building, which is determined by the project.
Prices different kinds timber
foundation material
For any type of foundation you will need the following materials:
- sand, gravel, cement;
- third-rate board and timber for formwork;
- brick or concrete blocks;
- waterproofing material (roofing material);
- expanded clay of the middle fraction.
Wall and roof material
Since wood was chosen for the construction of walls, then, based on this, other materials will be selected:
- bars and boards of different sizes, depending on the design parameters;
- fasteners - nails, screws, bolts, studs;
- corners of different configurations, metal plates - for fastening knots;
- vapor barrier film;
- insulation - mineral wool, ecowool or expanded clay;
- to cover the roof, it is better to choose a light material - ondulin or corrugated board.
After the installation site of the future house is determined, the materials are purchased, you can proceed to the arrangement of the foundation. True, to begin with, you still have to decide on its type.
The foundation of a country house
Even when building such a small and light building as a wooden country house, you can’t do without a foundation. In the case under consideration, one of two types is ideally suited for this purpose - this is a columnar and strip foundation. Which one to choose depends on the preferences of the builder.
- The columnar foundation will be a less expensive option, as it will allow you to seriously save on building materials. In addition, such a foundation can be completed independently, without outside help, which will also save some money.
How to build correctly, you can find out with all the details by following this link to the corresponding page of our portal.
- To create a strip foundation, you will need not only more materials, but also a fairly long time. This is not surprising - a trench will need to be dug around the entire perimeter of the future house, waterproof it, install the reinforcing structure, build the formwork and fill the pit with concrete. And after that, whether you like it or not, it will also take a month to completely solidify the filled tape and set it to brand strength.
However, the strip foundation is still very popular among individual developers. This option is convenient in that it allows you to make a basement under the house, however, for this, the foundation walls will have to be raised above the soil surface by 700 ÷ 800 mm. described in detail in the article, which can be found on our portal by clicking on the link provided.
If selected columnar foundation, then it is recommended to remove the top layer of soil by 150 ÷ 200 mm from the site, which will be located under the house and around it by 500 ÷ 600 mm. Then fill in the resulting pit with a layer of sand of 30 ÷ 40 mm, which should be compacted. A layer is laid on top of the sand cushion medium fraction crushed stone and is also compacted, and the remaining space must be covered with expanded clay of the middle fraction. All these procedures are done so that small rodents cannot get close to the house. They do not tolerate expanded clay (especially small ones), as it contains a large amount of dust and has a loose surface.
Expanded clay of small fraction - an excellent remedy for rodents To protect the house from the penetration of large rodents or other uninvited guests from the animal world, it is advisable to close the space under the house with a metal mesh with cells no larger than 10 mm.
Construction of a frame structure
For a country house optimal choice- frame structure The frame house can be placed both on a columnar and on a strip foundation. Construction always starts from the foundation, which must be securely waterproofed two or three layers of laid roofing material.
- If the project provides for a veranda, you must immediately separate its zone, over which a roof will be erected, but there will be no solid walls. To support the roof over the veranda, you can use the racks of the general frame of the walls. Another option - veranda will be attached to the house separately.
- Without exception, all wooden blanks must be treated with antiseptic compounds and fire retardants. These impregnations will increase the resistance of wood to fire, to decay, will prevent the appearance of nests of insects or colonies of representatives of microflora - mold or fungus.
- After the blanks have been properly prepared and completely dry, during construction, the lower frame (crown) is first made, which will be laid on the foundation and will subsequently be used to mount the floor.
For the floor to be reliable, for the frame it is necessary to take high-quality bars of the desired section. If funds allow, it is better to choose wooden elements not according to the “lower limit” of sizes, but by laying a certain margin in their cross section.
The table shows optimal dimensions timber for frame house:
- The support beams of the frame are mounted on coronal bars located along the perimeter of the foundation, at a distance of 600 ÷ 700 mm from each other. They are fixed with the help of corners or by tie-in. If the elements have big size in cross section, they can be additionally fastened with metal brackets.
- When the lower trim with support beams is ready, wall frames are made. They can be assembled separately, and then, in finished form, are lifted and fixed to the frame strapping bars.
Another option is to lift the frame directly in place. For example, if a house is being built on its own, without assistants, then it will be very difficult to lift the finished frame from the shade alone to the height of the strapping, set it evenly and temporarily, until it is finally fixed, fix it. And this means that each of the bars will have to be set separately.
- The size of the bars for the racks of the wall frame should be at least 100 × 100 mm, but it can also be mounted from boards with a cross section of at least 50 × 150 mm.
The bars are fixed to the lower harness with the help of powerful corners that are able to keep them in a vertical position. It is best to use not nails, but a self-tapping screw for fastening - the difference in price is not so significant, but the quality and reliability of the assembly is incomparably higher.
- When installing vertical racks, you must immediately mark the location of the openings for windows and doors. It is best to leave the area where they should be installed in the frame free, and install the part of the wall with the window opening separately.
Then, when the upper strapping bar is installed and fixed on all other vertical racks, the section with the window opening is fixed in the place left for it.
- All four walls are assembled in the same way. At the corners, the side posts are fastened together with corners, or instead of two separate ones, one common corner post is mounted. It is recommended to support it with diagonal braces on both sides - they will stiffen the entire wall structure.
- The doorway is equipped in the frame immediately. It is reinforced with an additional rack, since the hinged door has a certain weight, which must be calmly supported by both the reinforced opening and the entire wall frame.
- If it is planned to sheathe the frame on the outside with clapboard, then the next step is to carry out this event. Sheathing will give the structure additional rigidity, which will allow you to continue the installation of the attic floor and
The installation of the floor can be carried out immediately after the outer wall cladding, but only if the roof is covered with a roof on the same day. It is highly undesirable for a freshly laid floor covering to get wet if it suddenly rains at night. Therefore, it is better to solve the issue with the roof first, and then calmly deal with all other construction activities inside the house.
Roof construction and roofing
Types of truss systems
A few words need to be said about the types of truss systems, since, moving on to the construction of the roof, you need to have a general idea about this, to know which design is better to choose.
Rafter systems are of two types - hanging and layered.
Hanging system
The hanging truss system is distinguished by the fact that it is arranged only on external load-bearing walls and does not have other supports. It is perfect for erecting over a small country house. In order to lighten the load on the wooden walls and on the foundation, the hanging rafters are fastened with a puff.
The hanging structure itself consists of a transverse beam, which also performs an overlapping function, and can simultaneously be a frame for filing the ceiling, as well as rafter legs that form the roof slopes.
Layered system
The layered system is installed if the house, in addition to external walls, has internal capital partitions that will become additional points of support. Such a scheme can also be used in the construction of the roof of a country house, if it has a large area and its rooms are separated by walls built on a foundation.
With this system, the load on the load-bearing side walls becomes weaker, so fewer retaining elements can be used. It is great for attic structures that will be used as living quarters.
floor beams
An important structural element - floor beams The beams are laid exactly above the vertical posts of the wall frame. In order for them to fit snugly on the upper strapping belt, grooves are cut at their edges. The size of the grooves can be calculated based on the formula shown in the figure.
Beams are fixed to the frame structure of the walls with nails or self-tapping screws, and in addition they are sometimes fixed on both sides with metal corners.
Having completed the installation of the overlapping beams, you can proceed to the alignment truss system roofs. For safety reasons, temporary boarding is laid on the floor beams to ensure the comfort of moving along the attic plane during the installation of rafters.
Installation of the truss system
The roof truss system can be mounted using a different sequence of fixing its elements:
- First option. It is necessary to fasten the extreme pairs of rafter legs on the ground, then raise them to the harness and install them ready-made on the gable walls of the house. And then connect them with a ridge beam, and already mount the remaining pairs of rafters on it.
- Second option. To begin with, install the middle racks along the gables, then fasten them with a ridge bar or board, on which the rafters are then attached.
- Third option. In this case, pairs of rafter legs in their upper part are fastened together with a ridge pad, and their lower side is fixed on the wall trim, which in this embodiment will act as a Mauerlat.
The cross section of the beams or logs used for the rafter legs must be strictly maintained - depending on the rafter length between two fulcrum, and depending on the step between adjacent pairs of rafters
| Maximum allowable length rafter leg(in mm) | Rafter spacing (in mm) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1100 | 1400 | 1750 | 2100 | |||||
| Section of the rafter leg (in mm) | ||||||||
| bars with a section | logs Ø | bars with a section | logs Ø | bars with a section | logs Ø | bars with a section | logs Ø | |
| up to 3000 | 80×100 | 100 | 80×100 | 130 | 90×100 | 150 | 90×160 | 160 |
| up to 3600 | 80×130 | 130 | 80×160 | 160 | 80×180 | 180 | 90×180 | 180 |
| up to 4300 | 80×160 | 160 | 80×180 | 180 | 90×180 | 180 | 100×200 | 200 |
| up to 5000 | 80×180 | 180 | 80×200 | 200 | 100×200 | 200 | - | - |
| up to 5800 | 80×200 | 200 | 100×200 | 200 | - | - | - | - |
| up to 6500 | 100×200 | 200 | 120×220 | 240 | - | - | - | - |
It should be noted that the rafter attachment point in its lower part will depend on the angle at which they are fastened on the ridge and how long they are.
If the rafter is long enough and protrudes beyond the bearing walls, then a notch is cut out on it, with which it will be installed on the strapping beam (). An example of such a cut is shown in the picture:
If the rafter ends at the edge of the load-bearing wall, then its lower edge is cut off at a right angle with respect to the Mauerlat, and the leg itself can be fixed on it using a special mounting plate, sliding support, corner, bracket, nails or long self-tapping screws.
If the house is very small, then after fixing the rafters on the strapping, tying them with a ridge beam or board, you most likely will not have to install additional retaining elements.
Detailed information about the exact one can be obtained from a special publication of our portal by clicking on the recommended link:
For the installation of additional, reinforcing elements of the truss system, the material can be selected in accordance with the recommendations indicated in the table:
Prices for various types of fasteners for rafters
Fasteners for rafters
Roofing system
After the rafters and additional elements form the roof slopes, you can proceed to the installation of the subsystem for roofing.
- The first thing that needs to be done from the outside of the roof, after installing the rafters, is to lay a vapor barrier film, securing it first with brackets, and then with counter-lattice strips on the rafters.
The film is laid perpendicular to the rafters, starting from the lower, eaves of the roof. The overlap between two adjacent strips must be at least 200 mm.
- The main crate is mounted perpendicular to the counter-lattice, on which the roofing material will be attached. The installation step of the guides depends on the type and size of the roofing material sheets.
If, however, a soft roof is chosen to cover the roof, then instead of the laths of the lathing, the slopes are covered with a solid one - with plywood, and then with waterproofing sheets of roofing material, which overlaps by 150 ÷ 200 mm and is glued together with bituminous mastic. Another option is to use soft bituminous decorative tiles, which are laid using a similar technology.
- For wooden houses, the following are most often used: roofing materials(depending on the steepness of the roof slope).
- On the prepared base, the selected roofing material is laid and fixed. Work starts from the cornice, and if the first row is laid from right to left, then all other rows are mounted in the same way.
Some types of roofing materials have a strictly specified installation scheme in the direction, which cannot be changed. This must be indicated in the instructions attached to them.
Also, for any type of sheet roofing materials, the amount of overlap in the direction of the slope (usually 150 ÷ 200 mm), and the number of waves (relief protrusions) in the horizontal direction, along the roof, is determined.
- Almost all roofing materials are fixed on the crate with the help of special nails or self-tapping screws with waterproofing gaskets.
- It is very important to choose and fix the ridge elements of the roof correctly, otherwise it will leak at the first rain. Usually the ridge element is selected from the same material as the covering of the roof slopes.
- Further, the cornice overhang of the roof is finished - this can be done with a wooden or plastic clapboard. Sometimes special plastic elements - soffits - are used for these purposes.
- Then, elements of the roof drainage system are installed on the windboard - funnels, gutters on brackets, pipes, etc.
- Further, the gable sides of the truss system are sheathed. Most often, wooden or plastic lining or even planed boards are used for this.
For lining along the perimeter of the gable triangle, a special profile is fixed, into which panels prepared and cut at the right angle will be installed. Installation is usually carried out symmetrically - from the middle rack to one and then the other side - then the skin will turn out to be even and neat.
By the way, to mount the lining, Besides, you can horizontally, herringbone or come up with a more complex pattern.
Detailed information about the technology can be found in the article posted on our website by clicking on link.
Now, having finished the external roofing and being sure that the rain will no longer get inside the country house, you can proceed to the installation of windows and doors, insulation, flooring and wall cladding.
Installation of windows and doors
- Window frames are mounted in the frame openings left for them, set according to the level. For preliminary fixation, when the frame is set, spacers made of wooden bars or slats are installed between it and the bars of the opening.
Then, after checking the correct installation, the frames are attached to the wall frame with metal strips. The remaining gaps between the frame and frame bars are filled with mounting foam. After it dries, the excess is cut off, and platbands are installed around the windows on the outside of the wall, which will close the unsightly appearance of the gaps and give accuracy to the general appearance of the house.
- The installation of the door is best done together with the door frame, if it has sufficient rigidity. This will make it much easier to align the entire structure to the level in the doorway of the wall.
The door is best installed as a block - together with the frame and leaf Exposing the door frame, if necessary, to achieve a clear vertical position, enclose wedges (inserts) from wooden slats. The door frame is fixed to the frame in the same way as window frames, using metal strips, and the gap is filled with mounting foam.
Having installed windows and doors in all, you can proceed to the installation of the floor.
Installation and floor insulation
To start with bottom frame the temporary flooring from the boards is removed (if it was), and then you need to install the subfloor.
- To do this, cranial bars are nailed or screwed onto the frame load-bearing beams. They are necessary for laying transverse subfloor boards on them.
- Further, boards sawn exactly to size are laid on the cranial bars, or plywood 8 ÷ 10 mm thick - this flooring will serve as a subfloor.
- From above, the laid subfloor is closed hydro- paro— insulating film, which should cover both the load-bearing beams and the entire floor plane. Individual sheets of material are overlapped (by 150 ÷ 200 mm) and glued at the joints with waterproof tape.
- Further, insulating material is laid or poured on the vapor barrier film. If there is no desire to have as neighbors who like to settle under the floor, then it is better to use expanded clay of medium or fine fraction, or ecowool, to insulate the floor - these toothy pests simply do not live in such materials.
- On top of the insulation, another layer of film membrane is laid, which is nailed to the supporting beams with brackets. The laying principle is exactly the same as on the subfloor.
With the floor - finished! - Then the whole structure is covered with thick plywood or wooden floorboards.
Prices for thermal insulation materials
Thermal insulation materials
Measures for additional thermal insulation
When the floor is completely ready, the walls of the house are insulated and sheathed from the inside. If the building will be used only in the warm season, then the insulation will still not hurt - it will work as an insulator of the premises from heating in extreme heat. Therefore, it is recommended to lay a thermal insulation layer not only in the walls, but also in the ceiling, and if it is absent, place the insulation along the inner slopes of the roof.
- First, vapor barrier material is fixed to all walls and ceiling beams. Then the ceiling is sheathed with clapboard, plywood or drywall.
- After covering the ceiling, the walls are insulated. At the same time, insulation mats are laid between the racks of the frame. It is necessary to make sure that the mats stand as tightly as possible with an emphasis on the bars of the wall frame, so that there are no gaps left.
That is why mineral wool is most often used as a heater - after dense laying between the racks, it will straighten out, completely filling the entire space. The material is usually selected so that the thickness of the mats and the thickness of the frame posts are the same.
- After that, all walls are again tightened with a vapor barrier film.
- The next step is wall cladding with wooden clapboard, plywood or. The latter, with subsequent decorative trim walls, can be painted with water-based paint or wallpapered.
- Further, the attic floor is insulated, where the insulation is placed between the floor beams.
If the ceiling is sheathed from the side of the house with drywall or clapboard, then we must not forget that it is impossible to step on it, since the sheathing will not support the weight of a person. It is necessary to move carefully along the floor beams.
- In the event that the attic is planned to be used for storing various garden accessories, then on top of the insulation on the floor beams, it is necessary to fix the flooring from boards or plywood with a thickness of at least 10 mm.
- The finishing touches of the interior decoration will be the installation of platbands on windows and doors, ceiling and floor plinths and closing the corners with fittings.
Extensions to the house
The last stages of arranging a country house are installation work on the veranda and on the porch.
If space is left in advance for the veranda on the frame lying on the foundation, then a board is laid on this space to cover the floor (material for open areas is used), a fence is installed and a canopy is mounted.
If the foundation is raised high enough above the ground, then a porch is also attached to it.
Building a country house with your own hands is a completely doable task, but it will be quite difficult to manage without helpers. Therefore, it is best to seek help from a knowledgeable craftsman who has experience in such work, will always give useful advice and show how certain nodes are correctly mounted in the house structure. You can "mobilize" relatives and friends - it is possible that a knowledgeable person will be among them.
Video: construction of a country house using frame technology
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Having received a long-awaited suburban area, many of its owners immediately decide to get a house. However, building a country house, even with your own hands, is inexpensively difficult. However, if we are talking about a small building, then it will take less money to build it if you do all the work yourself.
Preparation for construction
First of all, you need to make a project. Considering the fact that in order to build even a small house in the country, it is necessary to obtain a building permit, it is better to entrust its production to specialized organizations that will make a drawing that not only meets all standards and requirements, but also coordinate it with all necessary authorities. If there is an approved project, it will not be difficult to obtain a building permit.
When developing a drawing, you should immediately decide on the material from which it is planned to build a house in the country, since based on this, the load on the foundation is calculated. Each has its pros and cons:
- Wood is an inexpensive and environmentally friendly material, but it requires constant care and special treatment to prevent rotting and fire.
- Brick is durable and solid, but it is expensive, and only professionals can do its high-quality laying.
- Foam blocks are easy to use, cheap, environmentally friendly and do not require heavy foundations. They have optimal thermal conductivity, but are prone to destruction.
To build a small country house with your own hands, you should choose the cheapest and easiest material to process. Can be built using wood and insulation or sandwich panels.
When developing a project, you can immediately estimate how much it will cost, since depending on the area of \u200b\u200bthe building, the amount of materials is calculated for which it will not be difficult to find out the current prices.
Marking and construction of the foundation
There are several types of bases, but the most practical is the tape base, which will withstand and evenly distribute the load of a house built from any material. Before starting a future dacha with your own hands, it is necessary to apply markings. To do this, remove all vegetation in the place where the base of the house will be located. Many experts even recommend removing the fertile soil layer. If the land plot has obvious irregularities and slopes, then the site should first be leveled. This can be done manually or with the help of special equipment.
After the site is prepared, marking is done. To do this, you need to take 4 pegs, for which it is better to use reinforcing bars. Put one in the ground, marking the first corner, the length and width of the building are measured from it and the remaining 3 pegs are installed and connected with a rope around the perimeter. The result should be a rectangle or square (depending on the project). The corners must be straight. To check the accuracy, you should connect the opposite pegs with a rope, while both diagonals should be equal to each other.
After marking, you can proceed directly to the strip foundation. The work process will be as follows:
- A trench 30–50 centimeters wide is dug, depending on the thickness of the walls. The depth should be calculated in the project, taking into account the loads and the degree of soil freezing.
- A mixture of sand and gravel is poured into the bottom of the trench and compacted.
- Next, you need to install the formwork. It is made of boards and supports are installed between the walls.
- To give the necessary rigidity to the base, a reinforcing mesh should be made inside the formwork.
- The concrete mixture is poured.
To gain strength, the foundation must stand, so it is not recommended to start building walls within 30 days. It is during this period that concrete gains the necessary grade strength. To prevent the destruction of the foundation, it should be treated with a bituminous mixture, and the upper part of the base should be covered with roofing material, which will act as a waterproofing.
Schematically, the strip foundation looks like in the presented photo:
Walling
The process will depend on the chosen material. The principle of building walls from foam blocks and bricks is similar. In this case, certain rules must be observed:
- Laying is done in a checkerboard pattern so that the subsequent layer covers the vertical seam.
- It is necessary to start laying from the corner. First, draw an exact straight line and only after that carry out the longitudinal installation of blocks or bricks.
- The thickness of the seam is 1 centimeter.
- The adhesive composition for foam blocks and bricks must be the same in composition throughout the entire construction process.
- Laying of each layer should be checked by level and monitor their verticality.
If you decide to build a house out of wood, then first of all you should take care of the preparation of high-quality timber. The tree must be solid, well dried, free of chips, cracks and other mechanical damage. Special attention should pay attention to the absence of blue. It is very important to lay the first crown correctly. At the corners, the bars are fastened by tie-in and fixed with long nails. Tow should be laid between each row.
There are several options for the corner fastening of the timber, which can be clearly seen in the photo:
Frame construction of a small house is considered the fastest and cheapest, especially if it is made of wood. To do this, it is necessary to install vertical corner and intermediate posts that are attached to the foundation. At the same time, a strapping of wooden beams should first be made on the base. Vertical racks are mounted using a metal corner or by tie-in. To strengthen the supports, the upper strapping is made of bars around the entire perimeter. The result is a frame consisting of rectangles. To give the building the necessary rigidity, opposite corners are connected by diagonals from boards. Then the voids are filled with insulation, for example, foam or mineral wool.
The process of building a house from sandwich panels can be viewed on the video:
roof construction
Roofs are of several types. Flat ones are made quickly and easily, but subsequently require constant care, since snow and water will constantly linger on the surface, and the risk of leakage is quite high.
The most practical and cheapest for a small country house are single-pitched or gable roofs. The construction process is simple, and you can do it yourself. To do this, you must follow the following sequence:
- The Mauerlat installation is the base of the roof, which is a wooden beam mounted on opposite walls.
- Next comes the installation of the truss system, the order of which will whistle from the selected type of roof. To create a gable, it is necessary to fix vertical rafters on the Mauerlat in increments of 0.8–1 meter, connecting them at the top with a ridge beam.
- On top of the rafters, a crate is made of boards about 4 centimeters thick.
- Waterproofing is laid on the frame, for example, roofing material.
You can choose any roofing material. A cheaper option is slate. More expensive and at the same time, having an attractive appearance- this is a metal tile or ondulin.
Schematically, the device of a gable roof looks like in the photo:
On this, the main construction of the cottage can be considered completed. It remains only to insert windows and doors, make internal partitions, and also finish the facade.
2018-04-11Every inhabitant of a modern city in the hustle and bustle of everyday life at least once in his life thought about a cozy shelter in the form of a pretty country house. At first, these thoughts are perceived as dreams about an incredibly difficult process that requires incredible effort and money. But, as life experience shows, all dreams come true. And the possibilities of modern construction technologies and materials in alliance with the latest constructive ideas help to realize these dreams come true.
- Layout of the site for the construction of a country house
- Choosing a project for an inexpensive country house
- Projects of small country houses
- A competent approach to the planning of a country house allows a comfortable and efficient use of the entire area of a summer cottage. It is considered safe for building a house to be located at a distance of at least 5 meters from the street, at least 3 meters from the road, and at least 3 meters from neighboring areas.
The highest point of the site on the northern or northwestern part is good choice for building a house.
Choosing a country house project
First you need to decide on the type and design of the house. Ready-made solutions offer different design options. Choice final version planning directly depends on the relief of the site for construction, geological conditions and the financial side of the matter.
When choosing a house project, one must also take into account its purpose as a living condition. That is, will it be a weekend house or a hacienda for holding seasonal holidays and holidays, or it will be the place of permanent residence of the family. The age and physiological characteristics of the people for whom, in fact, the house will be created are also of no small importance.
And many more factors must be taken into account when planning, so it is advisable to start choosing a project at least six months before the start of construction, since the realities of everyday life make adjustments to the model adopted as a basis.
From what to build a country house is also better to determine before construction to avoid unpleasant surprises of inconsistencies in materials and designs.
Projects of inexpensive country houses
- one-story country house;
- two-storey country house;
- project of a country frame house;
- projects of country houses with an attic.
One-story country house
The undisputed favorite standard projects inexpensive country house can be considered a one-story building with an attic. Very simple in design, this familiar model can be quite roomy. Modern country houses meet all levels of comfort and safety, and the attic allows you to do without temporary outbuildings on the site, since you can store the necessary supplies and equipment on it. Attached to the main building open veranda, in sunny weather it will be pleasant to have a meal or relax on it, enjoying the view of the flowering area.
Two-storey country house
On the ground floor of a two-story house, a kitchen, a living room and a bathroom are usually located, and the second is reserved for the personal apartments of the owners (and children) and guest bedrooms. If the house is being built thoroughly, then in the living room you can arrange a fireplace, near which it is pleasant to spend time on cool evenings in the family circle with a mug of mulled wine and long conversations. And in the winter cold, this room will be the most comfortable place in the world and gatherings at the winter hearth will become the embodiment of family traditions and values.
Country frame house project
The project of a country frame house is a reasonable method of creating comfortable, environmentally friendly housing quickly, inexpensively and with your own hands. The assembly of such a house, regardless of the complexity of the architecture, takes from one to several weeks at any time of the year and on a site of any relief photo. The frame structure does not need an expensive foundation, which significantly reduces its cost, and wall decoration can be started immediately after installation, since there is practically no shrinkage of the walls.
Frame houses are designed for living throughout the year. If necessary, they can additionally insulate interior partitions and ceilings in order to reduce heat loss, reduce noise levels and maintain the microclimate of each individual room. External cladding can be made of decorative plaster, facing stone, cement-sand slabs, timber, blockhouse, etc.
Projects of country houses with an attic
Projects of country houses with an attic involve significant investment savings. Of course, the slope of the ceiling will reduce the height of the walls, and special skylights are more expensive than usual, however, even at such costs, the attic floor is cheaper, since it does not need any wall materials, no additional interior decoration.
In addition, attics provide a sea of opportunities for creating unusual interior photo solutions. Non-standard walls and peculiar window openings, niches of a unique shape, decorative details constructions - luxurious opportunities for using space. The sloping ceiling turns an ordinary room into a mysterious and mysterious place, which can be used as a fabulous children's room or an artist's or tailor's workshop. Attic rooms have a special attraction, and yet, there is an amazing view from the window. Often they become the most favorite corner of the house.
- Foundation
Building a country house with your own hands
Each person decides how to build a country house independently, but the possibilities of using modern production technologies make this task easier, including through the use of ready-made modular structures. Today, prefabricated houses are gaining more and more popularity. Even a person who has the most elementary concepts of construction is able to build such a structure.
A convenient building block avoids many mistakes that are often made by beginners in construction, since all the main systems and communications, such as electrical wiring, plumbing, air conditioning and ventilation, are already professionally built into it.
The former monotonous forms of a chopped parallelepiped with a flat roof have been replaced by creative architectural models of one or two-story structures of exquisite design and maximum comfort, suitable for living in them for a long time. All the necessary premises have already been included in such projects. They are provided with a choice of necessary plumbing, water heating and electrical appliances that are simple to connect and easy to use to create comfortable conditions.
For self-construction, a frame structure can be the best solution that does not require special skills in construction.
More difficult in execution, but also not requiring special experience in construction and huge financial investments, is the option of building a house from glued or profiled timber.
A wooden frame is warm without additional insulation, and, thanks to high-tech surface treatment, it does not need interior decoration.
Glued laminated timber consists of boards - lamellas, carefully processed and glued so that the directions of the fibers of adjacent lamellas are opposite to each other. The result of such processing is a special reliability against shifts and the absence of shrinkage, which is essential reduces construction time and provides a stable geometry of the house structure.
Strong and durable brick house will cost much more, not only because of the cost of building materials, but also due to the need to attract qualified specialists to the construction.
Modern brick home o make any designer's dream come true. Today it is possible to build a brick cottage with high quality, beautifully and even very quickly.
Foundation
The type of foundation depends on the material and number of storeys of the entire structure. For light houses made of timber, galvanized wood, as well as frame and prefabricated options, a columnar or screw foundation is usually chosen. Heavy buildings made of brick, stone or concrete blocks, as well as two-story houses, require a serious foundation in the form of a strip (or prefabricated reinforced concrete block) foundation around the perimeter and under bearing walls of the building.
The foundation must be installed below the freezing depth of the soil, waterproofing must be done at a distance of 20 to 50 cm from the ground. Along the entire perimeter of the building around the basement, it is necessary to make a concrete blind area with a slope from the walls with a width of at least 70 centimeters.
Creating a floor begins with laying a log. Then the space between them is filled with insulation and covered from above. vapor barrier material. A rough floor is being erected from above from an untreated board, treated with antiseptics and anti-dampness agents. After the necessary exposure, it is covered with a clean floor.
When choosing a frame construction option, to create a foundation around the perimeter of the future building, a draft beam is laid, then pillars are fixed at four corners and a rigid frame is mounted using beams. Then the frame is sheathed with sheets of plywood or chipboard, insulation must be laid inside the walls. In the frame, it is necessary to immediately lay openings for doors and windows or some other additional structures adopted in the design solution.
It should be noted that all structural units in the technological chain are carefully fixed and reinforced with additional stiffeners.
The construction of the timber is provided by a tight connection of the elements, which allows maintaining the necessary heat exchange in the house. A special connection (lock) and a screed of structural elements with studs and pins do not allow the corners to move and create t required margin of safety the whole building.
Due to its fire resistance, a brick wall can border on flammable interior elements, such as a fireplace or stove. The advantage of the front part is that it does not need additional finishing and repair. Brick is perfectly combined in some interior solutions with other textured surfaces, for example, a solid brick wall is exquisitely combined with natural stone, a noble tree or the same brick, but of different textures and shades.
The roof of a small house consists of a truss system and a roof. Flooring and sheathing are attached to the rafters. The legs of the rafters are cut into the upper trim of the walls or located along the entire perimeter of the walls, and strengthened with nails, staples or corners. The plank sheathing is attached to the rafters, then the roof is made of corrugated slate. For soft roofing or metal roofing, a continuous moisture-resistant flooring is required.
Special shaped parts are used to finish the ridge and break the roof. Before the interior decoration, insulation is laid, which must be closed waterproofing material. As a finishing material, you can use lining or decorative panels, or you can sheathe the room with moisture-resistant drywall to give it a finished look.
A country dwelling should be convenient, practical and comfortable, and also organically fit into the overall picture of the site. Such a harmonious combination will make it an attractive place for family holidays and pleasant communication.