M methodical organizational and technological
documentation in construction
JSC "TSNIIOMTP"
STANDARD WORK ORGANIZATION PROJECT
FOR DISMANTLING (DEMOLITION) OF A BUILDING (STRUCTURE)
MDS 12-64.2013
Moscow 2013
This standard work organization project contains provisions, instructions and measures necessary to obtain permission to carry out work on dismantling (demolition) of buildings and structures.
The work organization project is standard and can be applied either directly or adjusted taking into account the object, local conditions, with changes and additions made to it.
The project was developed in pursuance of the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 16, 2008 No. 87, taking into account the recommendations of the MDS 12-46.2008.
The project is intended for design and construction organizations developing work organization projects, as well as for organizations performing dismantling (demolition) of buildings and structures.
The project is approved in the manner established in this organization.
The project was compiled by the staff of TsNIIOMTP (principal executor, Ph.D. Korytov Yu.A.) .
1. INTRODUCTION
A building or structure (hereinafter referred to as the object) with an expired service life due to wear and tear and disrepair is subject to liquidation. The object is also liquidated to prepare the land plot it occupies for new construction or other purposes.
Liquidation is carried out by dismantling (demolition) of the object. In terms of complexity, dismantling (demolition) objects can be simple, for example, such as a complex of one-story garages or capital construction projects (residential, civil, industrial). Demolition work is carried out by destruction, and dismantling work is carried out mainly by disassembling the object, followed by the removal of waste (building structures, parts, garbage).
The work organization project (WOP) is the main organizational document for the dismantling (demolition) of buildings and structures. The POR contains requirements and measures to ensure the safety of workers, the population and the environment, establishes the method of dismantling (demolition), the general sequence and order of work.
The ERP also contains measures for the most efficient organization of work, using modern technology and information. The ERP includes the most advanced methods and methods of work, using high-performance machines, helping to reduce the time and cost of work.
The POR confirms the organization’s readiness to carry out work and serves as the basis for obtaining permission to carry out work. The composition, content and design of the POR for a capital construction project comply with the requirements of Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated February 16, 2008 No. 87 “On the composition of sections project documentation and requirements for their content."
For a capital construction project, on the basis and development of the POP, a work execution project (WPP) is developed, defining technological processes and security operations, resources and activities. For a complex capital construction project, on the basis of PPR, technological maps can be developed for the implementation of a separate technological process (operation).
The source materials (data) for compiling the ERP are:
Customer's assignment; a brief description of the object being demolished (dismantled), design of the building (structure) (if preserved), structural diagram;
List of dismantled technological equipment of the industrial building, overall dimensions and weights, conditions for dismantling and transportation;
Plan of the site allocated for the work;
A plan of the area where the work site is located, indicating the location of the waste disposal point and landfill;
District transport infrastructure plan;
Urban development plan with the location of underground utilities, power lines and communications;
Modern solutions for the organization, use of technologies and means of mechanization of demolition (dismantling) work;
Information on the possibility of providing work with residential and service premises; data on the availability of mechanization and technological equipment to perform the work;
Requirements for labor safety and environmental protection;
Occupational safety in construction. Part 1. General requirements
Occupational safety in construction. Part 2. Construction production
SSBT. Fire safety. General requirements
SSBT. Electrical safety. General requirements and nomenclature of types of protection
SSBT. Signal colors and danger signs
SSBT. Construction. Lighting standards for construction sites
SSBT. Construction machines. General safety requirements for operation
SSBT. Construction. Inventory protective fences. General technical conditions
SSBT. Construction. Safety belts. General technical conditions
Interindustry rules on labor protection when working at height
Interindustry rules for labor protection during electric and gas welding work
Construction organization project, demolition (dismantling) work organization project, work execution project. Development and design
Mounting equipment for temporary fastening of prefabricated elements of erected and dismantled buildings
3. EXPLANATORY NOTE
3.1. Description of the building (structure) to be dismantled (demolished)
Picture 1- Danger zones when dismantling an object
3.5. Assessment of the probability of damage during demolition (dismantling) of engineering infrastructure
To assess the likelihood of infrastructure damage, a plan for the placement of infrastructure facilities on the site, including existing utility networks, is drawn up and used. A description of the networks, their technical characteristics, and installation depth are provided. The probability of damage is assessed depending on the adopted method of dismantling (demolition) of the object. The distances from infrastructure facilities to the collapse zone and the danger zone are determined. With the explosive demolition method, the probability of damage from fragments, from a shock wave, and from seismic impact is assessed. In mechanical demolition methods using an excavator (crane), the probability of damage from an impact from the working tool or boom of the machine is also assessed.
The existing engineering infrastructure is located outside the area of dismantling (demolition) of the facility, so the likelihood of its damage is excluded.
3.6. Justification of protection methods and protective devices of engineering support networks
The justification of protection methods is carried out taking into account the calculated loads on infrastructure facilities, including existing underground networks, from an explosion, from mechanical soil pressure, for example, from the operation of an excavator (crane).
Protection of underground networks can be ensured by temporary relocation or disconnection, marking and fencing them on the site with the installation of appropriate warning and danger signs, and the construction of protective decks and ceilings.
The scattering of fragments during the explosive method is prevented by covering the structure (destructible layer) with double wooden shields. The section provides information about the availability of agreement on accepted protection methods with network owners. Copies of agreement letters are placed in the appendix to the work organization project.
Below is the content of this section for this ERP.
Damage to infrastructure - underground engineering communications water supply, heat supply, gas supply, etc. may take place at the intersection of these communications with the transport routes of construction vehicles. In order to eliminate this possibility, in places where communications intersect with transport routes of construction vehicles, it is necessary to lay floorings that reduce the specific load from construction vehicles.
3.7. Solutions for safe methods of dismantling (demolition) work
The ERP provides general decisions on safe work practices. Private, more detailed decisions (requirements and measures) for the conduct of certain types of work are provided for in work projects (technological maps). Indicate methods, signaling procedures and preventive measures: sound and light signals, loud warnings, temporary fences and danger signs, barrier posts, etc.
Before starting particularly dangerous demolition work, workers must be issued a permit defining safe working conditions, indicating hazardous areas and safety measures. Establishing the degree of danger is usually assigned to the chief engineer of the organization. Particularly dangerous work includes, for example, the work of construction machines in cramped conditions, during the demolition of objects in disrepair, near existing industries or residential buildings, with polluted and enclosed spaces, with explosive and fire-hazardous containers that require supply and exhaust ventilation and additional lighting, when demolishing objects below ground level, etc.
During demolition by explosive method follows:
Indicate the main sources of danger (the effect of shock and seismic waves, scattering of fragments, unexploded charges, etc.), the location of warning and security duty posts on the borders of the danger zone;
Provide for the implementation of work according to special work projects and technological maps with mandatory sections on work safety.
During mechanical demolition follows:
Indicate the main sources of danger (spontaneous collapse of overhanging beams and blocks, scattering of fragments, operation of construction machines), the location of warning and security posts on the borders of the danger zone;
Provide for the implementation of work according to work projects and technological maps with sections on safety during the operation of destructive machines, including, for example, using a “destroying excavator” and replaceable working parts mounted on an excavator.
When dismantling an object ensure compliance with the rules for the safe use of a jib (truck-mounted, pneumatic-wheeled or crawler-mounted) or tower crane. When using universal and special hand-held electric and pneumatic machines (hammers, cutting discs, drilling machines, etc.) and thermal means (gas cutters, plasma cutting machines, etc.), comply with the safety requirements set out in the factory instructions.
When tearing off and moving blocks, panels and other building structures using mechanical, hydraulic (wedge) jacks and other devices, indicate appropriate safety measures. To ensure the safety of dismantling work, special technological equipment is selected, for example, according to MDS 12-41.2008 and used: struts with adjustable length complete with clamps and anchors, braces (rods), racks, corner braces, scaffolding means. To prevent workers from falling from height, individual and collective means are used. Universal (used during installation work in construction) and special safety equipment can be justified and applied - inventory fences, which are reinforced in various ways to load-bearing structures or installed on standard inventory reinforced concrete (foundation) blocks.
Below is the content of this section for this ERP.
For the safe dismantling of the facility, organizational and technological solutions, as well as decisions on the safe conduct of work, have been adopted.
The following organizational decisions were made:
- the management of the organization carrying out the dismantling appoints by order the composition of the team, headed by a foreman responsible for the safe conduct of gas-electric cutting, dismantling and loading and unloading operations using load-lifting cranes;
- team members must be instructed and tested on safety precautions when performing this work;
- team members must be provided with special clothing, safety footwear, individual and collective protective equipment. The brigade must be equipped with fire fighting equipment and first aid equipment.
As part of organizational decisions, the following preparatory work must be performed:
The dismantling work site is being arranged according to the attached plan (Figure). In general, the site is set up in the same way as during installation and construction work.
Figure 2- Arrangement of the dismantling work site
The site has a temporary (from inventory sections) fencing with entrance gates and signs limiting the speed of vehicles and indicating the direction of movement. At the entrance to the site there is a stand with a transport traffic diagram.
Primary fire extinguishing means and fire-fighting equipment are provided at the work site. The plan shows the crane track with the extreme parking places of the tower crane - St. 1 and Art. 2; the installation locations for containers with dismantling products, bins for collecting small waste, and lighting floodlight towers have been determined; places are provided for preparatory work (for the preparation of mechanization and equipment), for containers for storing tools, dismantling equipment; a foreman's room, rooms for workers' rest and other premises may be provided if they are not located in other places.
The work site is provided with temporary power supply, a source of compressed air for the operation of hand-held machines, and dust suppression equipment. The work site must be cleared of foreign structures, materials and debris.
Technological solutions are as follows:
- dismantling work should be carried out taking into account the assessment of the technical condition of load-bearing reinforced concrete structures contained in the technical inspection report of the facility;
- dismantling of the object should be carried out in the reverse order of its construction, that is, from top to bottom, by floors, by sections, in a “pull-on” manner;
- dismantling of utilities should be carried out before dismantling the enclosing and load-bearing structures.
Execute in the following sequence:
- dismantling of internal engineering networks (heat, water, gas, electricity, sewerage);
- removal of window frames and doors with frames, built-in wardrobes and other wooden elements;
- removal of floor coverings (boards, linoleum, parquet, etc.).
Work should be carried out in risers (sections), starting from the top floor. Before dismantling the roof and walls of the building, perform the following work:
- temporary fastening of the disassembled elements of the object using special technological equipment;
- opening of cemented joints and seams using jackhammers with a set of impact nozzles;
- cutting of embedded parts - gas or cutting wheels;
- drilling (punching) in panels and slabs of sling holes with a diameter of 40 - 50 mm with hand drills, 40 - 60 mm with hammer drills, 85 - 160 mm with a drilling machine. Roof dismantling consists of dismantling the roof covering, slabs (flooring), frieze panels and floor slabs.
Roofing covering (soft rolls, metal sheets) should be cut into strips 1000´ 500 (slabs 1000 ´ 1000 mm), convenient for carrying and storing. Concrete joints, seams, and metal connections of roofing slabs (flooring) must be freed from mortar. Slinging of roofing slabs is carried out using a four-leg sling (4SK) and four anchors installed in specially drilled (punched) holes. Then use a crane to loosely tighten the slings and cut the metal connections. Tear off the roofing slab with a hydraulic wedge (metal wedges), lift it a few centimeters with a crane at the lowest speed to make sure that it is not pinched. Before lifting, move the roofing slab to a height of 200 - 300 mm to ensure the reliability of the sling.
In the same way, dismantle frieze panels, cornice blocks and floor slabs.
Dismantling the enclosing and load-bearing structures of a building consists of dismantling internal and external wall panels, slabs and blocks. External and internal wall panels must be secured before dismantling. To do this, holes are drilled in the panels at a height of 1.8 - 2.0 m from the floor level; Anchors are inserted into the holes.
Opposite these holes, holes are drilled in the floor slabs (in the floor), anchors are inserted and connected to each other, securing each panel.
Then the gypsum concrete partitions and walls of sanitary cabins are dismantled. Before dismantling the outer wall panels, balconies are supported with telescopic racks from the lower floor. Dismantling of external and internal wall panels and blocks is carried out in the manner described above. Slinging of a flight of stairs is carried out using a fork.
Before removing the floor slabs (flooring) above the technical underground, it is necessary to dig up the soil, for example, with an excavator (with an offset digging axis) along the outer perimeter of the building to the depth of the foundation. After removing the floor slabs (flooring), destroy the concrete preparation with jackhammers and free the foundation from the soil from the inside. Then dismantle, using the techniques described above, the basement panels (wall blocks) of the underground and foundation blocks.
Safety solutions for conducting work are as follows.
During dismantling work, it is necessary to ensure compliance with the requirements of the following regulatory documents: .
When dismantling the facility, the possible impact of the following hazardous factors should be taken into account (according to SNiP 12.04-2002):
- spontaneous collapse of the structure;
- location of workplaces near elevation differences;
- falling objects (waste, tools) from a height.
In addition to these, the following potentially dangerous factors should also be taken into account:
- moving parts of hand-held machines;
- sharp edges and corners of concrete, protruding pins, broken steel sheets and reinforcement;
- increased content of dust in the air of the working area and noise during the destruction of structures.
When destroying reinforced concrete structures and when removing waste, water dust suppression measures should be used. Workers must work in protective helmets and safety glasses (shields), with respirators to protect the respiratory system from dust.
Work should be carried out, as a rule, during daylight hours. Workplaces and approaches to them must be illuminated in accordance with the requirements of GOST 12.1.046-85. The illumination of the workplace, measured with a Yu-16 luxmeter, must be at least 50 lux. The dust content of the air in the non-working area, measured by an IZV-5 type device, must comply with sanitary standards and be no more than 0.3 mg/m3.
When using a tower (jib) crane, the requirements and rules adopted for the safe operation of load-lifting cranes must be met.
Work performed by cranes is carried out under the supervision of a person responsible for the safe performance of work by cranes. The interaction of the crane operator, slinger, signalmen and foreman must be ensured by radio communication. The dismantled parts must be moved using safety devices (guy ropes) 6 m long and 12 mm in diameter, which prevent rotation of the load.
3.8. Measures to ensure public safety
This section generally includes:
Names, brief description and characteristics of residential buildings and courtyards, playgrounds, schools, nurseries, squares, pedestrian roads, sidewalks, etc., the location of which falls in the danger zone or is in close proximity to the hazardous work zone;
Indication of sources of danger (collapse of building structures, shock waves, scattering of fragments, release of gases and dust, etc.) and assessment of the likelihood of their impact on the population;
Implementation of activities under sections of this ERP related to ensuring public safety;
Description of methods of notifying the population (local radio and television, visiting apartments and courtyards, posting advertisements, loud-speaking media, etc.);
Description and location of warning and security duty posts on the borders of the danger zone.
If necessary, this section justifies the evacuation of the population as a last resort safety measure. In this case, an evacuation plan is drawn up, which indicates evacuation objects, temporary relocation points, timing and order, responsible persons - organizers, etc. Below is the content of this section for this ERP.
Residential buildings are located at a distance of at least 30 m from the dismantled object. Dismantling is carried out with the above organizational, technological and safety measures. In this regard, it is not necessary to design and implement any additional measures to ensure public safety.
3.9. Solutions for waste removal and disposal
When demolishing an object, indicate; descriptions of waste (large, oversized - more than 4 m high and more than 2.25 m wide, small block, dusty, construction waste, etc.), directions (routes) to waste disposal sites and methods of their transportation (type of transport, in the open form or in containers, etc.).
When dismantling a facility, decisions are made on the nomenclature and methods of processing dismantled building structures: reinforced concrete blocks, panels, slabs, etc. and their removal to processing plants, as well as the disposal of disassembled materials (wood, metal, earthenware, glass, bitumen, etc.). Reinforced concrete building structures (panels, slabs) that meet technical specifications are used in construction (access roads, sites, warehouses, etc.).
Metal structures and parts are processed (cut, pressed, etc.) to be sold as scrap metal for remelting. Waste insulation, glass and ceramics are processed into raw materials (filler) for the production of building materials and products (wall boards, blocks, etc.).
Below is the content of this section for this ERP.
This POR provides for the disposal of waste (structures and materials). Decisions on disposal are made subject to the compliance of structures and materials with the technical conditions given in the table.
Table
|
Dismantled structures, materials, waste |
Specifications |
Recycling decisions |
|
Panels, slabs, blocks |
Dimensions of external cracks- no more than half their size. Dimensions of chipped edges and corners - no more than 12% of their dimensions |
Intended use or processing into crushed stone and sand |
|
The volume of exposed reinforcement is no more than 7% volume of panels, slabs, blocks |
||
|
Slices soft roof |
The volume of foreign inclusions is no more than 5% by weight |
Processing for bitumen |
|
Waste insulation, glass, ceramics |
The volume of foreign inclusions is no more than 5% by weight |
Processing into aggregates for recycled building materials and products |
Waste that is not subject to disposal is to be transported, in accordance with an agreement with the local environmental protection and natural resource management authority, to a landfill.
3.10. Measures for reclamation and landscaping of land
The section on measures for reclamation of a land plot includes a list of construction works and operations that negatively impact the land plot (fertile soil layer, trees and shrubs, water) and a description of measures for reclamation of the site. These measures include:
Prevention of contamination of the soil layer with oils and fuels during the operation of construction machines;
Determination, in accordance with current standards, of the thickness and volume of the cut fertile soil layer, methods and places of its temporary storage (outside or on the work site) for the purpose of further use during land reclamation;
Methods of protecting trees and shrubs that are not subject to cutting or replanting from damage during the operation of construction machines.
If there are water bodies (ponds, lakes, etc.) and sources (streams, springs, etc.) located on the land plot, indicate methods for their protection and restoration (if necessary).
The contents of this section for this ERP are as follows.
Vegetable soil is removed from the work area, piled in a designated place and stored until the dismantling work is completed (see figure). After the dismantling and construction work on the site of the dismantled building of the children's sports ground (see section), the necessary work on reclamation and improvement of the land plot will be carried out: waste and contaminated soil will be removed, new soil will be brought in, suitable plant soil, removed and collected in the period of preparatory work for the dismantling of this facility, the existing ones were restored and new shrubs and trees were planted.
3.11. Information about communications, structures and structures remaining after demolition (dismantling) in the ground and in water bodies, permission to preserve them
The section must contain a list of communications, structures and structures remaining in the ground and in water bodies after demolition (dismantling), a diagram (plan) and data on the depth of location of these objects, a description and main characteristics of the objects.
The section provides the motivation (justification) for decisions to preserve these objects, indicates which objects from this list require, according to the legislation of the Russian Federation, permission from state supervisory authorities for conservation in land and water bodies, and provides information about the availability of such permissions. Copies of permits are placed in the appendix to the ERP.
After the dismantling of the facility under this PRP, no communications, structures, structures or their parts remain on the territory of the former building, in the ground or in water bodies, so “permission to preserve them” is not required.
3.12. Information on the approval of technical solutions for demolition (dismantling) by explosion, burning or other potentially dangerous method
The section should provide a description of the potentially dangerous method (explosion, burning or other) in terms of coordination with the relevant authorities, including government supervisory authorities. The section provides information about the availability of agreement on this method with the relevant authorities. Copies of agreement letters are placed in the appendix to the ERP.
The section provides a list of additional safety measures specific to this demolition method. In this list, during demolition by explosion, they indicate, for example, the use of charges of lower power, methods for identifying and eliminating unexploded charges, special shelters and protective devices, means of suppressing dust and gases, and others. The list for demolition by burning includes additional fire-fighting means, flame control methods, heat-resistant screens, etc.
Demolition (dismantling) of an object by explosion, burning or other potentially dangerous method is not provided for in this POR, therefore approval of the mentioned technical solutions is not required.
M methodical organizational and technological
documentation in construction
JSC "TSNIIOMTP"
STANDARD WORK ORGANIZATION PROJECT
FOR DISMANTLING (DEMOLITION) OF A BUILDING (STRUCTURE)
MDS 12-64.2013
Moscow 2013
This standard work organization project contains provisions, instructions and measures necessary to obtain permission to carry out work on dismantling (demolition) of buildings and structures.
The work organization project is standard and can be applied either directly or adjusted taking into account the object, local conditions, with changes and additions made to it.
The project was developed in pursuance of the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 16, 2008 No. 87, taking into account the recommendations of the MDS 12-46.2008.
The project is intended for design and construction organizations developing work organization projects, as well as for organizations performing dismantling (demolition) of buildings and structures.
The project is approved in the manner established in this organization.
The project was compiled by the staff of TsNIIOMTP (principal executor, Ph.D. Korytov Yu.A.) .
1. INTRODUCTION
A building or structure (hereinafter referred to as the object) with an expired service life due to wear and tear and disrepair is subject to liquidation. The object is also liquidated to prepare the land plot it occupies for new construction or other purposes.
Liquidation is carried out by dismantling (demolition) of the object. In terms of complexity, dismantling (demolition) objects can be simple, for example, such as a complex of one-story garages or capital construction projects (residential, civil, industrial). Demolition work is carried out by destruction, and dismantling work is carried out mainly by disassembling the object, followed by the removal of waste (building structures, parts, garbage).
The work organization project (WOP) is the main organizational document for the dismantling (demolition) of buildings and structures. The POR contains requirements and measures to ensure the safety of workers, the population and the environment, establishes the method of dismantling (demolition), the general sequence and order of work.
The ERP also contains measures for the most efficient organization of work, using modern technology and information. The ERP includes the most advanced methods and methods of work, using high-performance machines, helping to reduce the time and cost of work.
The POR confirms the organization’s readiness to carry out work and serves as the basis for obtaining permission to carry out work. The composition, content and design of the POR for a capital construction project comply with the requirements of Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated February 16, 2008 No. 87 “On the composition of sections of project documentation and requirements for their content.”
For a capital construction project, on the basis and in development of the ERP, a work execution plan (WPP) is developed, which defines technological processes and operations, resources and safety measures. For a complex capital construction project, on the basis of PPR, technological maps can be developed for the implementation of a separate technological process (operation).
The source materials (data) for compiling the ERP are:
Customer's assignment; a brief description of the object being demolished (dismantled), design of the building (structure) (if preserved), structural diagram;
List of dismantled technological equipment of the industrial building, overall dimensions and weights, conditions for dismantling and transportation;
Plan of the site allocated for the work;
A plan of the area where the work site is located, indicating the location of the waste disposal point and landfill;
District transport infrastructure plan;
Urban development plan with the location of underground utilities, power lines and communications;
Modern solutions for the organization, use of technologies and means of mechanization of demolition (dismantling) work;
Information on the possibility of providing work with residential and service premises; data on the availability of mechanization and technological equipment to perform the work;
Requirements for labor safety and environmental protection;
Occupational safety in construction. Part 1. General requirements
Occupational safety in construction. Part 2. Construction production
SSBT. Fire safety. General requirements
SSBT. Electrical safety. General requirements and nomenclature of types of protection
SSBT. Signal colors and danger signs
SSBT. Construction. Lighting standards for construction sites
SSBT. Construction machines. General safety requirements for operation
SSBT. Construction. Inventory protective fences. General technical conditions
SSBT. Construction. Safety belts. General technical conditions
Interindustry rules on labor protection when working at height
Interindustry rules for labor protection during electric and gas welding work
Construction organization project, demolition (dismantling) work organization project, work execution project. Development and design
Mounting equipment for temporary fastening of prefabricated elements of erected and dismantled buildings
3. EXPLANATORY NOTE
3.1. Description of the building (structure) to be dismantled (demolished)
Picture 1- Danger zones when dismantling an object
3.5. Assessment of the probability of damage during demolition (dismantling) of engineering infrastructure
To assess the likelihood of infrastructure damage, a plan for the placement of infrastructure facilities on the site, including existing utility networks, is drawn up and used. A description of the networks, their technical characteristics, and installation depth are provided. The probability of damage is assessed depending on the adopted method of dismantling (demolition) of the object. The distances from infrastructure facilities to the collapse zone and the danger zone are determined. With the explosive demolition method, the probability of damage from fragments, from a shock wave, and from seismic impact is assessed. In mechanical demolition methods using an excavator (crane), the probability of damage from an impact from the working tool or boom of the machine is also assessed.
The existing engineering infrastructure is located outside the area of dismantling (demolition) of the facility, so the likelihood of its damage is excluded.
3.6. Justification of protection methods and protective devices of engineering support networks
The justification of protection methods is carried out taking into account the calculated loads on infrastructure facilities, including existing underground networks, from an explosion, from mechanical soil pressure, for example, from the operation of an excavator (crane).
Protection of underground networks can be ensured by temporary relocation or disconnection, marking and fencing them on the site with the installation of appropriate warning and danger signs, and the construction of protective decks and ceilings.
The scattering of fragments during the explosive method is prevented by covering the structure (destructible layer) with double wooden shields. The section provides information about the availability of agreement on accepted protection methods with network owners. Copies of agreement letters are placed in the appendix to the work organization project.
Below is the content of this section for this ERP.
Damage to infrastructure - underground utilities for water supply, heat supply, gas supply, etc. may take place at the intersection of these communications with the transport routes of construction vehicles. In order to eliminate this possibility, in places where communications intersect with transport routes of construction vehicles, it is necessary to lay floorings that reduce the specific load from construction vehicles.
3.7. Solutions for safe methods of dismantling (demolition) work
The ERP provides general decisions on safe work practices. Private, more detailed decisions (requirements and measures) for the conduct of certain types of work are provided for in work projects (technological maps). Indicate methods, signaling procedures and preventive measures: sound and light signals, loud warnings, temporary fences and danger signs, barrier posts, etc.
Before starting particularly dangerous demolition work, workers must be issued a permit defining safe working conditions, indicating hazardous areas and safety measures. Establishing the degree of danger is usually assigned to the chief engineer of the organization. Particularly dangerous work includes, for example, the work of construction machines in cramped conditions, during the demolition of objects in disrepair, near existing industries or residential buildings, with polluted and enclosed spaces, with explosive and fire-hazardous containers that require supply and exhaust ventilation and additional lighting, when demolishing objects below ground level, etc.
During demolition by explosive method follows:
Indicate the main sources of danger (the effect of shock and seismic waves, scattering of fragments, unexploded charges, etc.), the location of warning and security duty posts on the borders of the danger zone;
Provide for the implementation of work according to special work projects and technological maps with mandatory sections on work safety.
During mechanical demolition follows:
Indicate the main sources of danger (spontaneous collapse of overhanging beams and blocks, scattering of fragments, operation of construction machines), the location of warning and security posts on the borders of the danger zone;
Provide for the implementation of work according to work projects and technological maps with sections on safety during the operation of destructive machines, including, for example, using a “destroying excavator” and replaceable working parts mounted on an excavator.
When dismantling an object ensure compliance with the rules for the safe use of a jib (truck-mounted, pneumatic-wheeled or crawler-mounted) or tower crane. When using universal and special hand-held electric and pneumatic machines (hammers, cutting discs, drilling machines, etc.) and thermal means (gas cutters, plasma cutting machines, etc.), comply with the safety requirements set out in the factory instructions.
When tearing off and moving blocks, panels and other building structures using mechanical, hydraulic (wedge) jacks and other devices, indicate appropriate safety measures. To ensure the safety of dismantling work, special technological equipment is selected, for example, according to MDS 12-41.2008 and used: struts with adjustable length complete with clamps and anchors, braces (rods), racks, corner braces, scaffolding means. To prevent workers from falling from height, individual and collective means are used. Universal (used during installation work in construction) and special safety equipment can be justified and applied - inventory fences, which are reinforced in various ways to load-bearing structures or installed on standard inventory reinforced concrete (foundation) blocks.
Below is the content of this section for this ERP.
For the safe dismantling of the facility, organizational and technological solutions, as well as decisions on the safe conduct of work, have been adopted.
The following organizational decisions were made:
- the management of the organization carrying out the dismantling appoints by order the composition of the team, headed by a foreman responsible for the safe conduct of gas-electric cutting, dismantling and loading and unloading operations using load-lifting cranes;
- team members must be instructed and tested on safety precautions when performing this work;
- team members must be provided with special clothing, safety footwear, individual and collective protective equipment. The brigade must be equipped with fire fighting equipment and first aid equipment.
As part of organizational decisions, the following preparatory work must be performed:
The dismantling work site is being arranged according to the attached plan (Figure). In general, the site is set up in the same way as during installation and construction work.
Figure 2- Arrangement of the dismantling work site
The site has a temporary (from inventory sections) fencing with entrance gates and signs limiting the speed of vehicles and indicating the direction of movement. At the entrance to the site there is a stand with a transport traffic diagram.
Primary fire extinguishing means and fire-fighting equipment are provided at the work site. The plan shows the crane track with the extreme parking places of the tower crane - St. 1 and Art. 2; the installation locations for containers with dismantling products, bins for collecting small waste, and lighting floodlight towers have been determined; places are provided for preparatory work (for the preparation of mechanization and equipment), for containers for storing tools, dismantling equipment; a foreman's room, rooms for workers' rest and other premises may be provided if they are not located in other places.
The work site is provided with temporary power supply, a source of compressed air for the operation of hand-held machines, and dust suppression equipment. The work site must be cleared of foreign structures, materials and debris.
Technological solutions are as follows:
- dismantling work should be carried out taking into account the assessment of the technical condition of load-bearing reinforced concrete structures contained in the technical inspection report of the facility;
- dismantling of the object should be carried out in the reverse order of its construction, that is, from top to bottom, by floors, by sections, in a “pull-on” manner;
- dismantling of utilities should be carried out before dismantling the enclosing and load-bearing structures.
Execute in the following sequence:
- dismantling of internal engineering networks (heat, water, gas, electricity, sewerage);
- removal of window frames and doors with frames, built-in wardrobes and other wooden elements;
- removal of floor coverings (boards, linoleum, parquet, etc.).
Work should be carried out in risers (sections), starting from the top floor. Before dismantling the roof and walls of the building, perform the following work:
- temporary fastening of the disassembled elements of the object using special technological equipment;
- opening of cemented joints and seams using jackhammers with a set of impact nozzles;
- cutting of embedded parts - gas or cutting wheels;
- drilling (punching) in panels and slabs of sling holes with a diameter of 40 - 50 mm with hand drills, 40 - 60 mm with hammer drills, 85 - 160 mm with a drilling machine. Roof dismantling consists of dismantling the roof covering, slabs (flooring), frieze panels and floor slabs.
Roofing covering (soft rolls, metal sheets) should be cut into strips 1000´ 500 (slabs 1000 ´ 1000 mm), convenient for carrying and storing. Concrete joints, seams, and metal connections of roofing slabs (flooring) must be freed from mortar. Slinging of roofing slabs is carried out using a four-leg sling (4SK) and four anchors installed in specially drilled (punched) holes. Then use a crane to loosely tighten the slings and cut the metal connections. Tear off the roofing slab with a hydraulic wedge (metal wedges), lift it a few centimeters with a crane at the lowest speed to make sure that it is not pinched. Before lifting, move the roofing slab to a height of 200 - 300 mm to ensure the reliability of the sling.
In the same way, dismantle frieze panels, cornice blocks and floor slabs.
Dismantling the enclosing and load-bearing structures of a building consists of dismantling internal and external wall panels, slabs and blocks. External and internal wall panels must be secured before dismantling. To do this, holes are drilled in the panels at a height of 1.8 - 2.0 m from the floor level; Anchors are inserted into the holes.
Opposite these holes, holes are drilled in the floor slabs (in the floor), anchors are inserted and connected to each other, securing each panel.
Then the gypsum concrete partitions and walls of sanitary cabins are dismantled. Before dismantling the outer wall panels, balconies are supported with telescopic racks from the lower floor. Dismantling of external and internal wall panels and blocks is carried out in the manner described above. Slinging of a flight of stairs is carried out using a fork.
Before removing the floor slabs (flooring) above the technical underground, it is necessary to dig up the soil, for example, with an excavator (with an offset digging axis) along the outer perimeter of the building to the depth of the foundation. After removing the floor slabs (flooring), destroy the concrete preparation with jackhammers and free the foundation from the soil from the inside. Then dismantle, using the techniques described above, the basement panels (wall blocks) of the underground and foundation blocks.
Safety solutions for conducting work are as follows.
During dismantling work, it is necessary to ensure compliance with the requirements of the following regulatory documents: .
When dismantling the facility, the possible impact of the following hazardous factors should be taken into account (according to SNiP 12.04-2002):
- spontaneous collapse of the structure;
- location of workplaces near elevation differences;
- falling objects (waste, tools) from a height.
In addition to these, the following potentially dangerous factors should also be taken into account:
- moving parts of hand-held machines;
- sharp edges and corners of concrete, protruding pins, broken steel sheets and reinforcement;
- increased content of dust in the air of the working area and noise during the destruction of structures.
When destroying reinforced concrete structures and when removing waste, water dust suppression measures should be used. Workers must work in protective helmets and safety glasses (shields), with respirators to protect the respiratory system from dust.
Work should be carried out, as a rule, during daylight hours. Workplaces and approaches to them must be illuminated in accordance with the requirements of GOST 12.1.046-85. The illumination of the workplace, measured with a Yu-16 luxmeter, must be at least 50 lux. The dust content of the air in the non-working area, measured by an IZV-5 type device, must comply with sanitary standards and be no more than 0.3 mg/m3.
When using a tower (jib) crane, the requirements and rules adopted for the safe operation of load-lifting cranes must be met.
Work performed by cranes is carried out under the supervision of a person responsible for the safe performance of work by cranes. The interaction of the crane operator, slinger, signalmen and foreman must be ensured by radio communication. The dismantled parts must be moved using safety devices (guy ropes) 6 m long and 12 mm in diameter, which prevent rotation of the load.
3.8. Measures to ensure public safety
This section generally includes:
Names, brief description and characteristics of residential buildings and courtyards, playgrounds, schools, nurseries, squares, pedestrian roads, sidewalks, etc., the location of which falls in the danger zone or is in close proximity to the hazardous work zone;
Indication of sources of danger (collapse of building structures, shock waves, scattering of fragments, release of gases and dust, etc.) and assessment of the likelihood of their impact on the population;
Implementation of activities under sections of this ERP related to ensuring public safety;
Description of methods of notifying the population (local radio and television, visiting apartments and courtyards, posting advertisements, loud-speaking media, etc.);
Description and location of warning and security duty posts on the borders of the danger zone.
If necessary, this section justifies the evacuation of the population as a last resort safety measure. In this case, an evacuation plan is drawn up, which indicates evacuation objects, temporary relocation points, timing and order, responsible persons - organizers, etc. Below is the content of this section for this ERP.
Residential buildings are located at a distance of at least 30 m from the dismantled object. Dismantling is carried out with the above organizational, technological and safety measures. In this regard, it is not necessary to design and implement any additional measures to ensure public safety.
3.9. Solutions for waste removal and disposal
When demolishing an object, indicate; descriptions of waste (large, oversized - more than 4 m high and more than 2.25 m wide, small block, dusty, construction waste, etc.), directions (routes) to waste disposal sites and methods of their transportation (type of transport, in the open form or in containers, etc.).
When dismantling a facility, decisions are made on the nomenclature and methods of processing dismantled building structures: reinforced concrete blocks, panels, slabs, etc. and their removal to processing plants, as well as the disposal of disassembled materials (wood, metal, earthenware, glass, bitumen, etc.). Reinforced concrete building structures (panels, slabs) that meet technical specifications are used in construction (access roads, sites, warehouses, etc.).
Metal structures and parts are processed (cut, pressed, etc.) to be sold as scrap metal for remelting. Waste insulation, glass and ceramics are processed into raw materials (filler) for the production of building materials and products (wall boards, blocks, etc.).
Below is the content of this section for this ERP.
This POR provides for the disposal of waste (structures and materials). Decisions on disposal are made subject to the compliance of structures and materials with the technical conditions given in the table.
Table
|
Dismantled structures, materials, waste |
Specifications |
Recycling decisions |
|
Panels, slabs, blocks |
Dimensions of external cracks- no more than half their size. Dimensions of chipped edges and corners - no more than 12% of their dimensions |
Intended use or processing into crushed stone and sand |
|
The volume of exposed reinforcement is no more than 7% volume of panels, slabs, blocks |
||
|
Soft roof cuts |
The volume of foreign inclusions is no more than 5% by weight |
Processing for bitumen |
|
Waste insulation, glass, ceramics |
The volume of foreign inclusions is no more than 5% by weight |
Processing into aggregates for recycled building materials and products |
Waste that is not subject to disposal is to be transported, in accordance with an agreement with the local environmental protection and natural resource management authority, to a landfill.
3.10. Measures for reclamation and landscaping of land
The section on measures for reclamation of a land plot includes a list of construction works and operations that negatively impact the land plot (fertile soil layer, trees and shrubs, water) and a description of measures for reclamation of the site. These measures include:
Prevention of contamination of the soil layer with oils and fuels during the operation of construction machines;
Determination, in accordance with current standards, of the thickness and volume of the cut fertile soil layer, methods and places of its temporary storage (outside or on the work site) for the purpose of further use during land reclamation;
Methods of protecting trees and shrubs that are not subject to cutting or replanting from damage during the operation of construction machines.
If there are water bodies (ponds, lakes, etc.) and sources (streams, springs, etc.) located on the land plot, indicate methods for their protection and restoration (if necessary).
The contents of this section for this ERP are as follows.
Vegetable soil is removed from the work area, piled in a designated place and stored until the dismantling work is completed (see figure). After the dismantling and construction work on the site of the dismantled building of the children's sports ground (see section), the necessary work on reclamation and improvement of the land plot will be carried out: waste and contaminated soil will be removed, new soil will be brought in, suitable plant soil, removed and collected in the period of preparatory work for the dismantling of this facility, the existing ones were restored and new shrubs and trees were planted.
3.11. Information about communications, structures and structures remaining after demolition (dismantling) in the ground and in water bodies, permission to preserve them
The section must contain a list of communications, structures and structures remaining in the ground and in water bodies after demolition (dismantling), a diagram (plan) and data on the depth of location of these objects, a description and main characteristics of the objects.
The section provides the motivation (justification) for decisions to preserve these objects, indicates which objects from this list require, according to the legislation of the Russian Federation, permission from state supervisory authorities for conservation in land and water bodies, and provides information about the availability of such permissions. Copies of permits are placed in the appendix to the ERP.
After the dismantling of the facility under this PRP, no communications, structures, structures or their parts remain on the territory of the former building, in the ground or in water bodies, so “permission to preserve them” is not required.
3.12. Information on the approval of technical solutions for demolition (dismantling) by explosion, burning or other potentially dangerous method
The section should provide a description of the potentially dangerous method (explosion, burning or other) in terms of coordination with the relevant authorities, including government supervisory authorities. The section provides information about the availability of agreement on this method with the relevant authorities. Copies of agreement letters are placed in the appendix to the ERP.
The section provides a list of additional safety measures specific to this demolition method. In this list, during demolition by explosion, they indicate, for example, the use of charges of lower power, methods for identifying and eliminating unexploded charges, special shelters and protective devices, means of suppressing dust and gases, and others. The list for demolition by burning includes additional fire-fighting means, flame control methods, heat-resistant screens, etc.
Demolition (dismantling) of an object by explosion, burning or other potentially dangerous method is not provided for in this POR, therefore approval of the mentioned technical solutions is not required.
Construction organization project (COP) for the dismantling of an existing building at the address: 197376, St. Petersburg, emb. Karpovka River, 5, building 17 lit. A, developed on the basis of the technical specifications for contract No. PD-2011/08-05-01 dated December 24, 2008 and is the basis for the development of a work project (WPP).
The project was drawn up for the entire period of dismantling work, for the entire scope of work, and establishes the optimal duration of construction work as a whole and its stages (SNiP 1.04.03-85).
The project was developed in accordance with the following main regulatory documents:
- 1. SNiP 12-01-2004 “Organization of construction”;
- 2. SNiP 3.01.01-85* “Organization of construction production”;
- 3. SNiP 3.02.01-87 “Earth structures, foundations and foundations”;
- 4. GOST 21.101-97. Basic requirements for design and working documentation;
- 5. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 16, 2008. No. 87 Moscow “On the composition of sections of design documentation and requirements for their content”;
- 6. SNiP 1.04.03-85* “Norms for construction duration and backlog in the construction of enterprises, buildings and structures”;
- 7. SNiP 21-01-97* “Fire Safety”;
- 8. SNiP 3.01.03-85 “Geodetic work in construction”;
- 9. SNiP 3.03.01 “Load-bearing and enclosing structures”;
- 10. SNiP 12-03-2001 “Labor safety in construction” part 1;
- 11. SNiP 12-04-2002 “Labor safety in construction” part 2;
- 12. SanPiN 2.2.3.1384-03 " Hygienic requirements to the organization of construction production and construction work";
- 13. Norms for the duration of major repairs of residential and public buildings and urban improvement facilities. – M., Stroyizdat, 1982;
- 14. PPB-01-03 “Rules fire safety in the Russian Federation", Ministry of Emergency Situations;
- 15. SP 12-136-2002 “Decisions on labor protection and industrial safety in construction projects and work projects”;
- 16. VSN 41-85(r)/Gosgrazhdanstroy. “Instructions for the development of projects for the organization and projects for the production of work on major repairs of residential buildings”;
- 17. TSN 30-306-02 SPb “Reconstruction and development of historically developed areas of St. Petersburg”;
- 18. SanPiN 2.2.3.1384-03 “Hygienic requirements for the organization of construction production and construction work”;
This construction organization project has been developed for the demolition of a building, the customer is Karpovka, 5 LLC, with removal construction waste and disposal, with protective fencing of the construction site along the boundaries of neighboring areas. The PIC was carried out in order to ensure the preparation of construction proceedings and justification of the necessary resources.
This project for organizing dismantling work was developed for the purpose of preparing production and serves as the source material for the development of work production projects (WPP).
An organization that has a license, experience and is equipped with all the necessary technical, mechanical and protective equipment for the work is involved in carrying out work on the development of buildings.
All dismantling work should be carried out according to the work execution plan (WPP), developed by the contractor, approved by the head of the organization performing the work and agreed upon with all interested persons and organizations in the appropriate manner.
- on the basis of this PIC, develop a project for the demolition of buildings;
- line engineering and technical workers supervising construction should carefully study all sections of the project before starting work;
- carry out dismantling of buildings in accordance with the project, PPR and standard technological maps;
- develop and implement monitoring recommendations;
- keep a log of step-by-step inspection of hidden work and intermediate acceptance of critical structural elements;
- when assessing the quality of construction and installation work, be guided by the instructions of SNiP 3.06.03-85 part 3.
2. Special conditions
In accordance with the rules on construction contracts, the customer must, within the time frame agreed with the contractor, provide:
- To allocate an area in the immediate vicinity of the construction site for the placement of administrative and utility premises;
Obtain permission from the owner of utility networks passing through the territory for the installation of temporary roads and construction fencing;
Obtain permission from the traffic police for the passage of vehicles, approve routes for pedestrians and vehicles;
Obtain permission to turn off and disconnect utility networks approaching the facility.
The work is carried out in cramped conditions, characterized by the following features:
Intense traffic and pedestrian traffic in the immediate vicinity of the work site;
An extensive network of existing utilities;
Cramped conditions.
Before starting work:
Establish monitoring of settlements in existing buildings with the involvement of licensed organizations;
Conduct an inspection of existing buildings with the preparation of a defective list and photographic recording of buildings located in the security zone.
The movement of building structures and materials from disassembly should only be carried out according to the schemes developed in the PPR.
The work schedule is one and a half shifts from 8.00 to 20.00 hours in accordance with the order No. 3 of the chief state sanitary doctor for St. Petersburg “On the prohibition of construction and installation work at night that creates an increased sound level in the surrounding buildings” dated August 1, 2002.
3. Brief climate information
The construction zone belongs to climatic region II, subdistrict PV, according to SNiP 23-01-99 “Construction climatology”.
The absolute minimum outdoor temperature is -36˚С, the absolute maximum is +33˚С. The average maximum temperature of the hottest month is +22.1˚С. The average number of days per year with an average outdoor temperature less than 0˚С is 143, less than 8˚С is 219.
- The freezing depth of clay and loamy soils is 1.45 m.
- The standard mass of snow cover is 100 kgf/m2.
- The standard wind speed at a height of 10 meters is 35 kgf/m2.
- The daily maximum precipitation is 76 mm.
The projected construction site is located in the Petrogradsky district of St. Petersburg, embankment. Karpovka River, house 5, building 17, lit. A.
The territory under consideration is characterized by an excessively humid climate with an unstable weather regime, which belongs to the II-B subregion according to the climatic zoning of Russia for construction. In geomorphological terms, the construction site under consideration is located within the Prinevskaya lowland with absolute elevations of 5.5-5.6 m. Soils of four genetic formations take part in its structure: technogenic (tiy), lacustrine-sea (m+iiy), lacustrine coatings glacial and glacial.
4. General characteristics of the dismantling site
The construction organization project considers the dismantling of existing buildings at the address: Petrogradsky district, embankment of the Karpovka River, building 5, building 17, letter A on a land plot with cadastral number 78:3118:15:20, to the extent necessary in accordance with current legislation to obtain all examinations, permits and approvals of government organizations, coordination and examination of the project with government, departmental and non-departmental organizations, obtaining permission from the State Service for Construction and Electrical Engineering for demolition.
Building No. 17 is owned by JSC Poligrafmash. The building was built approximately in 1966 according to the design of the Gipropribor Institute (Leningrad).
The total area of the buildings, according to the technical passport, is 2602.4 sq.m.
According to the KGA (Committee on Urban Planning and Architecture), the site is located within the boundaries of the Petrogradsky district, bounded by Professor Popov streets, Aptekarsky Avenue, the embankment of the Karpovka River, and Medikov Avenue.
Administratively, the site is located in the Petrogradsky district of St. Petersburg. Geomorphologically, the work site falls within the Prinevskaya Lowland.
Technogenic, marine, lacustrine and glacial deposits take part in the geological structure of the site to a depth of 27.00 m.
II.1. Technogenic deposits (tgIV) were encountered in all wells. They are represented by medium-sized grayish-brown sands with gravel, pebbles mixed with organic matter and medium-density construction waste. In depth intervals of 0.0-0.3 m, the bulk layer is represented by asphalt and crushed stone. The thickness of the bulk soil layer varies from 2.9 to 3.2 m. The bottom of the layer lies at absolute levels from 0.2 to (-) 0.5 m.
II.2. Marine sediments (m.l IV) were penetrated by all wells. They are represented by two layers, medium-sized, medium-density sand and loose sand.
2. Sands of medium coarseness, grayish-brown, medium density, water-saturated. The thickness of the layer varies from 2.6 to 5.0 m. The base of the layer has absolute elevations from (-) 2.4 to (-) 4.9 m.
2a. Medium-sized sands are brownish-gray, loose, water-saturated (opened only in well 1). The thickness of the layer is 3.0 m. The bottom of the layer has an absolute elevation of (-) 3.5.
II.3. Lacustrine-glacial deposits (lg III) - light, silty, grayish-brown loams, unclearly layered, fluid-plastic. The thickness of the layer varies from 1.5 to 4.2 m. The bottom of the layer has absolute elevations from (-) 5.00 to (-) 6.6 m.
II.4. Glacial deposits (g III) were encountered in all wells. Presented in three layers:
Gray sandy loam with nests of sand with gravel and plastic pebbles. The thickness of the layer ranges from 4.0 to 5.9 m. The base of the layer has absolute elevations from (-) 9.0 to (-) 12.3 m.
Gray silty sandy loam with gravel and plastic pebbles. The thickness of the layer varies from 4.8 m to 7.8 m. The layer has been passed through to abs. elevation -24.0m. The bottom of the layer has absolute elevations from (-) 16.8 to (-) 17.3 m.
Gray silty sandy loam with gravel, hard pebbles, with plastic layers. The exposed thickness of the layer varies from 6.1 m to 7.2 m, the layer has been penetrated to abs. marks (-) 23.40 to (-) 24.0 m.
Hydrogeologically, the site is characterized by the presence of a horizon of groundwater with a free surface, confined to sea sands and interlayers of water-saturated sand in the thickness of glacial-lacustrine deposits.
During drilling operations (February 2007), groundwater with a free surface was recorded at a depth of 2.9 to 3.5 m, which corresponds to an absolute level of 0.1 m.
Nutrition groundwater occurs due to the infiltration of atmospheric precipitation. Groundwater discharge occurs in the river. Karpovka. During periods of maximum precipitation and heavy snowmelt, the maximum U.G.E. position should be expected. at a depth of 0.5-1.0 m. During periods of surge phenomena when the water level in the river rises. Karpovka (underwater groundwater) it is possible to rise the groundwater level to levels close to the daytime surface (absolute elevation about 3.00-3.60 m).
According to the results of chemical analyzes of water samples taken at the site, in accordance with SNiP 2.03.11-85, groundwater is non-aggressive towards concrete grade W4.
In accordance with GOST 9.602-2005, groundwater is highly corrosive to lead and medium to aluminum cable sheaths. When determining the approximate water inflow into trenches and pits in accordance with the "Hydrogeologist's Reference Guide", L., 1982, the following filtration coefficients can be adopted:
for loams 0.1-0.3 m/day
for sands 3-5m/day
5. Stroygenplan
The construction master plan was developed on a scale of 1:500 for the main period of dismantling the building at the address: St. Petersburg, embankment of the Karpovka River, reflecting certain issues of the preparatory and main periods of construction work,
The construction plan shows:
- boundaries of the construction site and types of its fencing;
- permanent buildings and structures, existing buildings and structures subject to demolition;
- locations of temporary, including mobile (inventory) buildings and structures;
- protective and warning structures;
- permanent and temporary roads and other routes for transporting structures, materials and products, traffic patterns for vehicles and mechanisms, installation sites for construction machines, indicating the routes of their movement and coverage areas;
- vehicle traffic patterns, working and hazardous areas of main construction machines;
- existing and temporary underground, ground and air networks and communications, as well as sources of supplying the construction site with electricity, water, heat, steam, storage areas;
- locations of devices for removing construction waste;
- sites and premises for storage of materials and structures;
- location of premises for sanitary services for construction workers, drinking water installations and recreation areas, as well as high-risk areas;
- hazardous areas near dismantled buildings, construction sites, reconstruction and operation of hazardous production facilities, work sites for excavators and other construction equipment;
- places for installing fire hydrants, panels with fire-fighting equipment, smoking areas.
The construction master plan also indicates:
explication of permanent existing and dismantled structures;
explication of temporary buildings and structures indicating the type (brand, standard project number), open scad and other sites;
a list (in tabular form) of permanent and temporary utility networks and site fencing, indicating their length;
accepted conventions.
5.1 Organizational and technological stages of construction
To ensure timely preparation and compliance with the technological sequence of construction, the project provides for two construction periods: initial (preparatory) and main.
Initial stage of work:
At the construction site accepted from the customer under the act, the general contractor provides the following preparatory work:
Construction of temporary household inventory buildings.
Install household and administrative buildings at the construction site in accordance with the requirements of SanPiN 2.2.3.1384-03. As part of the sanitary premises, places must be allocated and equipped for placing first aid kits with medicines, stretchers, fixing splints and other means for providing first aid to victims.
Provide temporary household premises with water and electricity. The drinking water regime is imported, in accordance with the requirements of sanitary standards and regulations.
Provide temporary power supply to the construction site.
Power supply to the construction site will be provided from a diesel generator (diesel generator) according to the calculation of the construction site energy consumption.
During the dismantling period, it is planned to illuminate the work areas with Atlas Copco QAX diesel generator sets with lighting masts.
Install temporary electrical networks around the site at a height:
3.5 m – above aisles;
6.0 m – above driveways.
The wiring of temporary electrical networks must be done with insulated cables.
All electrical equipment installed on the construction site during the construction of the building must comply with GOST R50 571.23-2000 “Electrical installations of construction sites”.
Temporary schemes are developed taking into account the requirements of VSN 37-84 “Instructions for organizing traffic to limit road work sites.”
Construction site fencing in height and continuity meets the requirements of GOST 23407-78 “Fencing of inventory construction sites and areas for construction and installation work. Specifications". The fences are made of reinforced concrete.
At the initial stage, before dismantling begins, all work on the transfer of transit utility networks must be completed, internal engineering systems must be disconnected and disconnected from external networks, and work on the construction of protective and warning structures must be completed.
Installation of a wheel washing station at the exit from the construction site.
At the entrance to and exit from the construction site, information boards must be installed indicating the name and location of the facility, the name of the owner and (or) customer, the contractor performing the work, the name, position and telephone number of the responsible producer of the work on the facility. At the entrance to the construction site, a diagram must be installed indicating buildings and temporary buildings and structures under construction, entrances, entrances, locations of water sources, fire extinguishing and communications equipment, with graphic designations in accordance with GOST 12.1.114-82
All preparatory work must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 12-01-2004*
The completion of preparatory work at the construction site must be accepted according to the act on the implementation of occupational safety measures, drawn up in accordance with Appendix “I” of SNiP 12-01-2004*.
At the initial stage of dismantling work, a reinforced concrete fence is installed.
Main stage works:
Dismantling is carried out using a Komatsu PC 450 LCD -7 demolition excavator equipped with CC2100 hydraulic shears
After dismantling the outer part of buildings and structures, work is carried out to dismantle the underground part of the buildings using a Volvo 290 B excavator with an NM-350 hydraulic hammer.
The site manager, foreman, and drivers must have radio communications. Dismantling work is carried out by the excavator operator in tandem with an assistant who monitors the general situation at the site, the threat of collapse of structures and the possible fall of building elements onto the excavator.
Wreckage brickwork and reinforced concrete are cleaned with a Bobcat S 300 forklift and loaded into KAMAZ dump trucks. Storage of waste and construction waste is carried out at a special site. When loading large debris, a Volvo 290 B excavator is used.
To ensure the movement of a destructive excavator, a temporary road does not need to be built, since the territory is a paved area. Komatsu PC 450 LCD -7 moves on an asphalt road protected by wooden decking and metal sheets.
For the passage of a destructive excavator, the road must be from 3.5 to 6 m, in unloading areas 6 m, turning radii of at least 9 m.
The main site for temporary storage of construction waste is located on the construction site. When constructing the site, it is necessary to provide for the formation of slopes of at least 2% to drain surface rainwater.
The movement and loading of construction waste during dismantling work is carried out using a Bobcat S 300 loader. All materials from dismantling are transported to the recycling site in the village of Yanino, LLC "Association for Demolition of Buildings" for further processing and disposal.
All needs for temporary buildings are met through the installation of mobile change houses BShP 6000 mm long.
For fire-fighting purposes, a hydrant is used at the nearest well of the existing water supply network, as well as sand from special boxes located near the fire shield.
For the entry of vehicles and construction equipment, the existing entrance from the Fontanka River embankment is used. It is difficult to turn construction vehicles around in compliance with the standards for their safe movement; it is possible to organize their entry into the construction site in reverse.
5.2 Methods for carrying out dismantling work
To carry out the work, specialized organizations are involved that have a license to carry out the relevant types of work.
It is allowed to proceed with the disassembly of tasks only if there is an approved work plan (clause 3.2 of SNiP 12-01-2004 “Construction Organization”), as well as according to the technological maps developed as part of the PPR, in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 3.06.03-85 ( Part III) and technical specifications. Before starting work, enter into an agreement for technical supervision of the work.
The recommended structure of the division of the construction organization performing the work is the construction site. When organizing dismantling work, a comprehensive flow should be provided, covering: engineering preparation of the territory, dismantling of the roof and rafter system, dismantling of ceilings, dismantling of window fillings and utility networks, dismantling of load-bearing walls and partitions, disposal of construction waste, delivery of completed work to the customer. Dismantling of buildings and structures, individual structural elements belongs to the category of the most complex and labor-intensive work.
After completing the preparatory work, before dismantling work, it is necessary to carry out a visual inspection of the structures of the demolished structure, identifying and recording changes that may occur since the last inspection and, taking into account the data obtained, a project for dismantling work is carried out. Based on the results of the surveys, an act is drawn up, on the basis of which the following issues are resolved:
Selecting a disassembly method;
Establishing the sequence of work;
Establishing hazardous areas and using protective barriers if necessary;
Temporary fastening of individual structures of the building being dismantled in order to prevent their accidental collapse;
Dust suppression measures;
All building structures and building elements that threaten collapse are listed, highlighting the most dangerous ones;
The constructive connection of the threatened structures with adjacent elements of the building being dismantled and with adjacent buildings is indicated;
Possible reasons that could cause a collapse are listed;
Safety measures when working at height;
The specification of work production methods is carried out during the development of a work production project (WPP).
Dismantling of load-bearing structures should be carried out only if there is an approved work plan and a technological map for dismantling load-bearing structures.
From the moment the work begins until its completion, the contractor must keep a work log, which displays the progress and quality of the work, as well as all facts and circumstances that are significant in the production relationship between the customer and the contractor (date of start and completion of work, date of provision of materials, services, messages about the acceptance of work, delays associated with the failure of construction equipment, the customer’s opinion on private issues, as well as everything that may affect the final deadline for completion of the work).
Construction work is carried out in accordance with Russian norms and rules specified in the list regulatory documents. The construction machinery and equipment used must have a technical passport and a certificate of compliance with Russian norms and standards. All dismantling work should be performed under the guidance of a foreman or foreman. Dangerous areas must be fenced off with signal barriers and warning signs must be posted on them. Contractors must have a license to perform the relevant types of work, issued by federal or licensed centers.
During the main period of work, the immediate dismantling of the 5-2 storey part of the building letter A, cleaning, garbage removal, dismantling of basements, backfilling pits and territory planning are carried out.
Dismantling of the above-ground part of the building is carried out from top to bottom using pneumatic and electric tools, as well as special equipment: a special excavator with a boom length of 25 m, equipped with hydraulic shears, hydraulic hammers and grabs of various types, and a rotary loader.
Dismantling should begin with manual disassembly of those building elements that can be reused. The scope of such work is determined by the customer when concluding a contract. Such structures include: stone external steps, stone facing slabs of the base and walls; double-glazed windows, aluminum window frames, wood-aluminum frames, door blocks; stone and other finishing slabs for facing walls, floors, stairs and other internal elements; cast iron, forged fences; various metal elements, including radiators and central heating pipes, plumbing fixtures. Storage areas for disassembled recyclable items must be organized outside the hazardous dismantling area.
The main measures against possible self-collapse of structures are timely removal of debris from each floor, immediately after its disassembly. Overloading floors is not allowed. The collapse of the upper intermediate floors on the lower floors is prohibited. Simultaneous dismantling of two or more ceilings is not allowed.
Dismantling works with special equipment, pneumatic and electrical engineering:
- Using a Komatsu PC 450 LCD-7 excavator with hydraulic shears, dismantle the roof by biting off roof structural elements. Work should be carried out along the span from the highest elevation of the roof. Lower the disassembled elements inward onto the ceiling. When dismantling low-rise buildings, an excavator is used. When dismantling foundations - 290 D VOLVO
The technical characteristics of hydraulic shears allow disassembly, eliminating the possibility of objects flying outside the danger zone. The excavator must be installed so that during operation the distance between the rotating part in any position and buildings and other objects is at least 1 m;
- Dismantling of brick walls and wall panels is carried out using a PC 450 LCD-7 excavator and a Volvo 290 with hydraulic shears;
- Dismantling of foundations, as well as excavation work, is carried out using a Volvo 290 B excavator with a hydraulic hammer;
- The sequence of demolition of walls should be determined taking into account ensuring the stability and rigidity of the remaining walls;
- After the demolition of the wall, clean up the debris from the disassembly. It is allowed to approach the cleaning site when the foreman or foreman is convinced that there are no overhanging objects and gives permission to clear the rubble;
- Next, proceed with the disassembly of the slabs (panels) of the floor;
- Dismantle the coating slabs using hydraulic shears, cutting the slab on one side at the fastening joint;
- Simultaneous dismantling of two adjacent covering slabs is not allowed;
- Dismantle the blockage for dismantling the subsequent plate;
- Dismantle subsequent slabs in the same way as the previous one;
- Dismantling of rectangular reinforced concrete columns is carried out after completion of dismantling the coating slabs using hydraulic shears. Work should be carried out starting from the top mark of the column, cutting into pieces no larger than 70 cm and lowering the dismantled columns into the building.
Manual dismantling:
Manual disassembly inside the building is carried out under the direct supervision of engineering and technical personnel in compliance with labor safety rules applied during major renovations of buildings, as well as fire safety rules.
Dismantling is carried out manually of those elements of the building that can be reused. The scope of such work is determined by the customer when concluding a contract. Recycled structures include: stone external steps, stone facing slabs of the basement and walls; stone and other finishing slabs for facing walls, floors, stairs and other internal elements; double-glazed windows, aluminum window frames, wood-aluminum frames, door blocks; cast iron forged fences; various metal elements, including radiators and central heating pipes, plumbing fixtures.
All workers must be provided with safety belts, helmets, overalls, personal and collective protective equipment. Must have job descriptions and permission to work at heights. For each worker, an “Admission Order” is drawn up in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 12-03-2001.
All dismantling works should be carried out in such a way that the level of dynamic impact on the structures of adjacent buildings does not exceed the maximum allowable acceleration of vertical vibrations of 0.15 m/s2. To do this, along the perimeter and inside the building being dismantled, arrange “cushions” made of broken bricks h = 300 mm, which make it possible to dampen the dynamic load that occurs when dismantling elements fall into the building.
Dismantling work should be carried out during daylight hours. Works on dismantling floor slabs and reinforced concrete columns should be carried out in the presence of the technical supervision of the Customer with an entry in the work log.
5.2.1 Sequence of work
Preparatory activities carried out before dismantling work:
Obtain permission provided by the customer to carry out dismantling work;
Carry out an inspection of adjacent buildings;
Obtain technical specifications for the removal of life support engineering systems, develop the necessary projects and carry out work on them necessary for the life support of neighboring buildings;
Disconnect and disconnect the internal engineering networks of the facility from external engineering communications of gasification networks, electricity supply, heat supply, water supply and sewerage, telephone and radio installations;
Provide the facility with electricity and water;
Install protective, fencing and warning structures in the required places;
Install temporary lighting for the construction site;
Organize pedestrian passages, vehicle passages, storage areas, recreation areas at the construction site;
Set up a wheel washing station.
Dismantling of the above-ground part of the building letter A;
Dismantling of basements and underground utilities;
Filling pits and irregularities, territory planning;
Dismantling and removal of protective structures, temporary networks and engineering structures;
Transfer of the site according to the act to the Customer. 5.3 Measures to protect adjacent buildings and transit engineering systems 1. When dismantling buildings, use gentle methods, including floor-by-floor dismantling of the structure, dividing the elements into separate blocks, the weight of which depends on the equipment used in the development. This is especially true for those elements that are directly adjacent to existing residential buildings;
2. Dismantling work must be carried out with mandatory operational monitoring;
3. In the process of geotechnical monitoring, monitor the occurrence and development of horizontal or vertical displacements of walls, making it possible to record the moment of violation of the integrity of the wall (the appearance of cracks in the masonry), as well as control vibration parameters (dynamic control);
4. The following main areas are subject to monitoring:
Geodetic control of settlement, tilt of two buildings adjacent to the demolished buildings and having historical value;
Visual and instrumental monitoring of the technical condition of buildings (formation of cracks in walls);
Control of ground vibration parameters;
Operational control of zero cycle work.
5. Dynamic monitoring must be carried out using sensors installed on walls and on the ground and allowing to monitor and record the parameters of dynamic effects. Dynamic modes are considered safe for the foundation of protected buildings if they meet the requirements of VSN 490-87. Exceeding the permissible parameters of dynamic loads will lead to a mandatory stop of work. Work can be resumed only after implementation of recommendations to reduce dynamic impacts promptly issued by the controlling organization.
Dynamic control is carried out throughout the entire period of dismantling work.
7. It is proposed to protect transit communications by fencing security zones with warning tape and installing warning signs indicating the prohibition of excavation work.
8. Protection of utility networks.
On the site of the dismantled building there are on-site and transit networks of communication, radio, water supply, sewerage and heating, gasification and electricity.
For the removal of utility networks, it is necessary to obtain technical specifications from operating organizations.
In accordance with the technical specifications, on-site networks must be turned off and disconnected from external networks. Transit networks must be reliably protected.
To protect the inspection wells of transit engineering systems, the project proposes to cover them with sheet iron with a thickness of at least 8 mm. The boundaries of the sheets should protrude beyond the boundaries of the well hatch by at least 1.5 m. The sheet of protective iron should not touch the hatch cover, if necessary, make sand filling.
5.4 Carrying out work in winter
Works in winter time should be carried out in accordance with the measures specified in the PPR and in accordance with the relevant sections:
SNiP 3.02.01-87 "Earth structures, foundations and foundations";
SNiP 3.03.01-87 “Load-bearing and enclosing structures”;
SNiP 12-03-2001 “Occupational safety in construction, part 1. General data”;
SNiP 12-04-2002 "Labor safety in construction, part 2. Construction production".
The dismantling of foundations in winter should be carried out in combination with a set of measures to protect the foundation from freezing, including the existing building that is not subject to demolition.
The soil and foundations must be protected from freezing by shelter or insulation.
Backfill the sinuses of pits and trenches with sand or recycled construction waste from disassembly).
The preparation method is selected and justified in the PPR.
The proposed wheel washing installation has a winter configuration with heated water. The washer can operate down to a temperature of -15˚C. In case of more severe frosts, it is recommended to drain purified water into the storm sewer well in advance. In severe frosts, you can stop driving cars, or use mechanical or pneumatic cleaning of wheels.
Water supply is provided by imported water. Containers with water should be located in heated rooms.
The winter construction period is considered to be the time between the dates of the onset of a stable average daily air temperature of +5˚С in autumn and spring, because Even at this temperature, many types of work must be carried out in compliance with all winter construction rules. Instructions were carried out with engineers and workers on the rules for performing work in winter conditions, and technological maps for dismantling work in winter conditions were studied.
5.5 Instructions on methods of instrumental quality control of dismantling work
During dismantling work, it is necessary to carry out mandatory operational geodetic (instrumental) control in accordance with section 4 of SNiP 3.01.03-84 "Geodetic work in construction".
In addition, constant monitoring is also a qualitative instrumental quality control of dismantling works. The methods, procedure for maintaining and accounting for instrumental control are indicated as part of the project for the production of works (PPR). All geodetic work at the construction site must be carried out in accordance with the projects for the production of geodetic works (PPGR).
5.6 Measures to ensure the safety of pedestrians and vehicles
The construction site is fenced with a stable solid fence. To warn the population about the danger, it is necessary to install signal lights, inscriptions and signs.
Demolition of the building structure using an excavator equipped with hydraulic shears should be carried out only under the direct supervision of an engineering and technical worker responsible for the safe execution of work.
Dismantling of buildings should be carried out at a time agreed upon in accordance with the established procedure. At the same time, the passage of pedestrians and vehicles in the danger zone is not allowed. The dimensions of the dangerous zone and the method of fencing it must be indicated in the PPR.
Fencing elements along the roadway must be equipped with galleries for the safe passage of pedestrians.
Design solutions are presented on sheets 5 and 6.
6. Environmental safety conditions
The project for organizing dismantling work was developed in accordance with the requirements Federal Law No. 7-FZ dated 10.01.2002 “On Environmental Protection” and amendments dated August 22, 2004, and also takes into account the requirements:
Order of the State Committee for Ecology of the Russian Federation No. 372 dated May 16, 2000. “On approval of the regulations on assessing the impact of planned economic or other activities on the environment in the Russian Federation”;
Law of the Russian Federation “On Environmental Protection”, taking into account clause 3.2. “Regulations on environmental impact assessment in the Russian Federation”, approved by order of the Russian Ministry of Natural Resources dated July 18, 1994. No. 222.;
SanPin 2.2.3.1384-03 “Hygienic requirements for the organization of construction production and construction work”;
SanPin 2.1.7.1287-03 “Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for soil quality.”
When performing building dismantling work, the following factors affecting environmental protection must be taken into account:
Noise impact during construction and installation works;
Contamination of the territory during work;
Pollution of the territory with construction and household waste;
Contamination of soils, groundwater and reservoir waters by household wastewater and petroleum products.
When dismantling structures of buildings and structures, the most important areas of environmental protection measures are reducing losses of materials during storage and work, reusing materials from disassembly, timely removal of construction waste, preventing or reducing the harmful effects of the equipment used, fire safety measures when using flammable materials.
Construction waste and household waste generated at the construction site are temporarily stored on a specially designated area with a hard surface and are regularly transported to the recycling site of the Building Demolition Association LLC in Yanino.
When performing work, it is not permitted to exceed the maximum permissible concentrations of harmful substances in the air of the working area. To reduce dust formation, construction waste is moistened with water and packed in bags and bags.
We will not allow spills of toxic liquids or petroleum products.
It is unacceptable to leave non-degradable materials (glass, polyethylene, metal) in the ground as part of construction waste.
At the exit from the construction site, a platform for washing vehicle wheels is set up.
Refueling of construction machinery with fuels and lubricants should be carried out at specialized sites outside the construction site.
Transportation of bulk cargo should be carried out by covering the body of the vehicle with a tarpaulin.
6. Occupational safety when dismantling structures
All work must be carried out in strict accordance with the requirements of the following regulatory materials:
SNiP 12-03-2001 “Labor safety in construction”, part 1;
SNiP 12-04-2002 “Labor safety in construction”, part 2;
PPB 01-03 “Fire safety rules during construction and installation work on the territory of the Russian Federation”;
PB 10-382-00 “Rules for the design and safe operation of lifting mechanisms”;
GOST 12.3.032-82 “Electrical safety in construction”;
Guidelines for industrial sanitation during construction and installation works.
Construction and installation work is permitted to begin only if there is a work execution plan (WPP), in which decisions on labor protection and industrial safety during construction and installation work must be developed, as well as decisions on the placement of sanitary buildings outside hazardous areas.
Before starting work, measures must be taken to safely organize the construction site. On the construction site, install signs for driveways and passages, as well as diagrams for the movement of vehicles and workers to work sites.
Loading and unloading operations must be carried out mechanized in accordance with the requirements of GOST 12.3.009-76, with "Changes No. 1".
Along the boundaries of areas dangerous to people in which dangerous factors constantly operate or may operate, fences must be installed that meet the requirements of GOST 23407-78, as well as safety signs in accordance with GOST 12.4.026-76 SSBT with "Changes No. 1 and No. 2".
All persons on the construction site are required to wear protective helmets in accordance with GOST 12.4.087-80. Workers and engineers without protective helmets and other personal protective equipment are not allowed to work.
The construction site, transitions and workplaces must be lit in accordance with the norms of electric lighting.
Workplaces and passages to them at a height of 1.3 m or more, at a distance of less than 2 m from the boundary of the difference in height, must be fenced with temporary fences in accordance with the requirements of GOST 12.4.059-89. If it is impossible to install these fences, work at height should be performed using safety belts in accordance with GOST 12.4.089-80. Places and methods of fastening safety ropes and safety belts are indicated in the PPR.
Workplaces, depending on the conditions of work and the accepted technology for the production of work, must be provided, in accordance with the standard sets, with technological equipment and means of collective protection appropriate for their purpose, as well as means of communication and signaling.
Storage of materials and structures must be carried out in accordance with the instructions of the standards, technical specifications on materials and structures, as well as in accordance with the PPR.
The work of lifting machines at the site must be organized in compliance with safety rules by a person from among the engineering personnel responsible for the safe performance of work on moving goods by cranes, after testing their knowledge and obtaining the appropriate certificate.
When installing electrical equipment, the requirements of GOST 12.3.032-84 must be met.
All metal parts of installations and structures that may be live must be grounded. Inspection and repair of electrical equipment is permitted only after disconnecting it from the network and only by an electrician.
Electrical installations operated on construction sites must be grounded according to the PUE.
Fire safety at the construction site is carried out in accordance with the requirements of the Fire Safety Rules.
To prevent the possibility of a fire on a construction site, when developing a PPR, it is necessary to provide for:
- location of the shield with fire-fighting equipment;
- measures to limit the amount of stored flammable and flammable liquids generated during the execution of various works or during storage, by organizing air exchange using natural or forced ventilation;
- prohibition of lighting fires on construction sites;
- equipment of special smoking areas;
- measures to eliminate the causes of spark formation during the operation of internal combustion engines and electrical installations;
- keeping escape routes clear and unobstructed;
- fire warning means.
Access of unauthorized people not involved in construction and repair to the work sites must be excluded.
6.1 Special requirements for the safety of work during dismantling of structures
All work on the dismantling of building structures (especially at height) should be carried out with a “Permission Work Order” in accordance with “Appendix “D” to SNiP 12-03-2001, as for high-risk work.
Hazardous production factors include possible self-collapse of building structures (walls, parts of floors); Harmful factors during dismantling work include dust formation.
Work on dismantling (disassembling) building structures must be carried out under the constant technical supervision of the work manufacturer, who, before starting work, together with the foreman (foreman), must carefully inspect the dismantled structures and parts of the building and draw up a report in which all elements of the house that threaten collapse are noted. If necessary, additional measures are taken to ensure safe conditions production of works (additional fences, protective flooring are installed, they are determined with the means of insurance for workers, etc.).
Before starting work on dismantling (disassembling) structures, the foreman must familiarize all workers with the most dangerous aspects of the work and must take all precautions to prevent accidents.
6.2 Measures to prevent emergency situations
It is mandatory to comply with all the requirements set out in the construction safety documentation for labor protection: SNiP 12-03-2001, SNiP 12-04-2002, P.U.E., “Rules for the design and safe operation of load-lifting cranes.”
A warning system should be created for civil emergency situations signals using radio broadcasting (from the regional communication center) and telephone (from the automatic telephone exchange) networks.
Implementation of fire prevention measures:
- provision of primary fire extinguishing means;
- provision of fire hydrants available in the surrounding area;
- make entrances suitable for special maneuvering. transport;
- provide the construction site with an evacuation plan, indicating emergency exits and an emergency lighting network;
- “Fire safety order for the dismantling site.”
Provide 24-hour security for the facility.
The maximum level of intermittent noise at workplaces must comply with the requirements of GOST 12.1.003-83 (ST SEV1930-79) SSBT “Noise. General safety requirements."
When developing the PPR, measures should be taken to reduce noise affecting people in the workplace to values not exceeding permissible values (Section 2, GOST 12.1.003-83), the use of noise-proof equipment, the use of collective protective equipment in accordance with GOST 12.1.029-80, use of personal protective equipment in accordance with GOST 12.4.051-87.
Zones with sound levels above 80 dBA must be marked with safety signs in accordance with GOST 12.4.026-76. The administration is obliged to supply PPE in accordance with GOST 12.4.051-87 to those working in these zones.
Control the noise level in the workplace with the involvement of sanitary and labor protection services.
Noise characteristics of machines and equipment must comply with the requirements of GOST 12.1.003-83.
6.3 Organization of work in open areas
The organization of work in an open area during the cold season must comply with the requirements of Chapter VIII SanPiN 2.2.3.1384-03.
Before starting work in an open area, the foreman must inform all workers about the effect of cold on the body and measures to prevent cooling. Those working in open areas during the cold season are provided with a set of personal protective equipment (PPE). To avoid local cooling, working people should be provided with overalls (mittens, shoes, hats). A set of PPE and overalls must have a positive sanitary and epidemiological conclusion indicating the value of its thermal insulation.
The heating point for those working in the open area is arranged in a room specially designated for these purposes.
The air temperature in heating areas is maintained at 21-25˚C. The room should be equipped with devices, the temperature of which should not exceed 40˚С (35-40˚С), for heating the hands and feet.
The duration of the first rest period may be limited to 10 minutes, the duration of each subsequent period should be increased by 5 minutes.
To avoid hypothermia, workers should not stay in the cold (outdoors) during breaks in work for more than 10 minutes at air temperatures up to -10°C and no more than 5 minutes at air temperatures below -10°C.
During the lunch break, the employee is provided with a “hot” meal. Work in the cold should begin no earlier than 10 minutes after taking "hot" food (tea, etc.).
7. Justification for the number of excavators
For dismantling work, a Komatsu PC 450LCD-7, Volvo 290 B excavator is used.
Technical characteristics of Komatsu PC 450 LCD-7:
Table No. 1
|
Dimensions |
|
|
Length, mm |
|
|
Width, mm |
|
|
Height, mm |
|
|
Ground pressure, kg/cm2 |
|
|
Shoe width, mm |
600-700 |
|
Engine |
KOMATSU SAA6D125E-5 |
|
Hydraulics |
HydrauMind |
|
Platform rotation speed, rpm |
|
|
Max. Working height, mm |
|
|
Max. Travel speed, km/h |
|
|
Reduced |
|
|
Increased |
|
|
Fuel tank capacity, l |
|
|
Front limit operating range, mm |
|
|
Tail oscillation radius, mm |
|
|
Min. Boom lowering angle |
|
|
Equipment |
|
|
Full height (hydraulic line), mm |
|
|
Boom height, mm |
|
|
Boom length, mm |
|
|
Support weight, kg |
|
|
Handle weight, kg |
|
|
Handle weight (including coupling cylinder), kg |
|
|
Average weight of connection, kg |
|
|
Arm weight (including cylinder), kg |
|
|
Total weight (cylinder, connections and hydraulic lines), kg |
|
|
Hydraulic shears |
AtlasCopco CC 1501U |
|
Maximum weight of hydraulic shears, kg |
Technical characteristics of VOLVO EC 290 B:
Table No. 2
|
Engine |
|
|
Nom. power at r/s (rpm) |
|
|
ISO 9249/DIN 6271, kW (hp) |
|
|
Bucket capacity, m3 |
|
|
Load capacity, boom along the trolley* |
|
|
Load at height/high. boom lift*, m |
|
|
Boom radius*, m |
|
|
Excavation depth*, m |
|
|
Breakout force according to SAE*, kN |
|
|
Operating weight, t |
8. List of volumes of dismantling of main structures
Table No. 3
|
Name of works |
Volume of work, m³ |
Volume of work in a loose body, m³ |
|
|
Exterior of the building |
|||
|
reinforced concrete structures |
|||
|
Metal structures |
|||
|
Construction garbage |
|||
|
TOTAL |
|||
|
Basement of the building |
|||
|
reinforced concrete structures |
|||
|
Metal structures |
|||
|
Construction garbage |
|||
|
TOTAL |
|||
9. Justification of the accepted duration of construction. Calculation of the need for basic construction machines
The list of main construction machines and mechanisms was compiled on the basis of the adopted work technology for the most intense month of dismantling work.
Due to the lack of standards for the development of buildings and structures in SNiP 1.04.03-85* “Norms for the duration of construction and backlog in the construction of enterprises, buildings and structures”, the duration of demolition of buildings is determined in agreement with the customer and taking into account the experience of conducting demolition work of LLC "Demolition Association" and is 60 calendar days or 2 months.
9.1 Selection of vehicles for transporting volumes of construction waste and structures. Calculation of its quantity
As a result of dismantling work, a volume of bricks, reinforced concrete, wood and metal structures will be removed from the construction site at a distance of 21 km to the recycling site in the village of Yanino.
A KAMAZ 6520 dump truck with a body volume of 18 m³ has been proposed for the removal of construction waste.
Technical characteristics of the KAMAZ 6520 dump truck.
Table No. 4
|
Options |
Values |
|
Load capacity, t |
|
|
Body capacity, m³ |
|
|
Overall dimensions of the platform: |
|
|
Length, mm |
|
|
Width, mm |
|
|
Height, mm |
|
|
Vehicle weight, kg |
|
|
Fuel tank, l |
|
|
Maximum speed, km/h |
The number of buckets required to load the dump truck body is found using the formula:
Where V body is the capacity of the dump truck body;
q – Geometric capacity of the excavator bucket – 2 m³;
K1 – coefficient of utilization of the excavator bucket capacity – 1.1.
The actual volume transported is:
The loading time of one dump truck is determined using the formula:
Where is the cycle duration;
n – Number of cycles (buckets);
Preparation time – 3 minutes;
– loading time – 5.4 minutes;
– waiting time – 1 min;
– possible downtime – 2 minutes;
The transportation cycle time of one dump truck is calculated using the formula:
Where: - load time of one machine – 5.4 minutes;
L – Transportation range – 21 km;
The average speed of a dump truck is 0.5 km/min;
- unloading time with maneuvering – 2 minutes;
- time for maneuvers during unloading – 1.5 minutes.
The required number of dump trucks to work together with a loader is:
For optimal transportation of the required volume, we accept 10 cars. The productivity of one dump truck is determined by the formula:
– actual volume of the car body – 14.5 m³;
– number of vehicle cycles per hour.
The operating cycle of one dump truck is 93 minutes;
- working time utilization factor – 0.85.
The shift productivity of 1 car is determined by the formula:
T cm =8 hour
During a shift, 5 dump trucks will transport:
The removal volume per shift is 641 m³.
Thus, 9 shifts will be required to remove the entire planned volume of construction waste.
In total, for transportation of the entire volume of work from dismantling, the total number of vehicles will be 10 KAMAZ 6520 dump trucks per shift, the duration of removal is 9 shifts.
Need for basic machines and mechanisms
Table No. 5
|
№ p/p |
Application area |
Name |
Brand |
Technical specifications |
Qty |
|
Petrol cutter |
|||||
|
Dismantling of structures after collapse |
Pneumatic concrete breaker |
IP-4607 |
M=18 kg |
||
|
Dismantling of structures after collapse |
Compressor |
Irmair5.5 |
5 m 3 /min |
||
|
Demolition of building structures |
Komatsu excavator with hydraulic shearsCC 1501 U |
PC 450LCD -7K |
|||
|
Demolition of building structures and loading of waste from dismantling |
Excavator Volvo with bucket |
EU 290 B |
1, 5 m 3 |
||
|
Clearing the territory |
Loader Bobcat with equipment: Ladle Brushes |
S300 |
bucket 0.75 m 3 |
||
|
Dust suppression system |
|||||
|
Construction waste removal |
Dump truck |
KamAZ 6520 |
20t V k = 18 m 3 |
||
|
Dismantling works |
Welding machine |
SDT-500 |
10. Demand for labor resources
The number of personnel on the busiest shift is 80% of the total list of personnel at the facility:
Table No. 6
|
Job title |
Number for the construction period, people. |
|
Excavator driver |
|
|
Loader driver |
|
|
Installer |
|
|
support worker |
|
|
Gas cutter |
|
|
Head of the section |
|
11. The need for construction of temporary buildings and structures
Temporary buildings and structures for sanitary and hygienic purposes were calculated and accepted in accordance with “Calculation standards for drawing up PIC”, part I.
To calculate temporary administrative and amenity premises, the following provisions have been adopted:
The number of workers in the largest shift is 70% of the total, i.e. 11 people.
The number of engineers and specialists in the most numerous shift is 80% of the total number of engineers and specialists, i.e. 4 people.
The total number of workers in the largest shift will be 15 people.
Sanitary facilities for workers directly involved in production must be designed in accordance with SNiP 2.09.04-87* “Administrative and domestic buildings”, table. 4, depending on the groups of production processes:
Gr.1. Processes causing pollution with substances of the 3rd and 4th hazard classes;
Gr.2. Processes that occur under excess sensible heat or unfavorable meteorological conditions.
11.1 Calculation of the need for administrative, utility and service premises
Table No. 7
|
p/p |
Name |
Norm per 1 worker working maximum shift, m 2 |
Number of workers per maximum shift |
Total requirement, m 2 |
|
Admin strative buildings |
||||
|
Office |
||||
|
Household premises |
||||
|
Wardrobe |
0,6 |
|||
|
Washroom |
0,065 |
0,975 |
||
|
Shower room |
0,82 |
9,02 |
||
|
Dryer |
0,2 |
2,2 |
||
|
Premises for heating workers |
0,1 |
1,1 |
||
|
Total : |
38,3 |
|||
11.2 Explication of temporary buildings and structures
Table No. 8
|
p/p |
Name |
Quantity, pcs. |
Note |
|
block container 6055x2435x2500 |
modular building |
||
|
Toilet 1300x1000 |
Dry toilets |
11.3 Construction demand for electricity
The choice of electrical networks and the method of their implementation, the determination of the required brands of cable and wire products, decisions on the accounting and distribution of electricity, the use of grounding devices and the implementation of protection against short-circuit currents of networks, electrical receivers and maintenance personnel, the design of lighting installations is carried out as part of the PPR in accordance with the requirements of PUE 3.05 .06-85 “Electrical devices”, SNiP 12-03-2001 part I, SNiP 12.03-2002 part II “Occupational safety in construction”, etc.
Electric lighting of construction sites and sites is divided into working, emergency, evacuation and security.
Working lighting is provided for all construction sites and areas where work is carried out at night and twilight, and is carried out by installations of general (uniform or localized) and combined lighting (local is added to the general).
For work areas where standardized illumination levels must be more than 2 lux, in addition to general uniform lighting, general localized lighting should be provided. For those areas where only temporary presence of people is possible, illumination levels can be reduced to 0.5 lux.
For lighting construction sites and areas, the use of open gas-discharge lamps and incandescent lamps with a transparent bulb is not allowed.
Light sources such as incandescent lamps are used to illuminate areas where outdoor construction and installation work is carried out. general purpose, incandescent floodlight lamps, incandescent halogen lamps, xenon lamps, high-pressure sodium lamps.
The illumination created by general lighting lighting installations on construction sites and work areas inside buildings must be no less than the standardized level, regardless of the light sources used.
Evacuation lighting should be provided in areas of main escape routes, as well as in passageways where there is a risk of injury.
To provide security lighting, a portion of the work lighting fixtures should be allocated. At the boundaries of construction sites or work areas, security lighting must provide horizontal illumination of 0.5 lux at ground level or vertical illumination on the plane of the fence.
12.1 Calculation of the required amount of electricity
The sequence of calculating the power supply of a construction site includes: identifying electricity consumers, selecting sources of electricity and calculating their power, compiling working diagram power supply to the construction site.
The main consumers of electricity on a construction site are construction machines, mechanisms and installations, as well as lighting of inventory buildings and the site.
In urban conditions, the choice of electricity sources for temporary power supply to a construction site is usually carried out by connecting to the city power grid.
If it is impossible to connect to the city energy system, inventory power plants are used, which are located in places where consumers are concentrated.
The selection of lighting means is carried out in accordance with the requirements of GOST 12.1.046-85 “Standards for lighting construction sites”.
Work lighting is organized using Atlas Copco QAX 12 mobile diesel generator sets with a lighting mast.
The height of the mast of such installations is 9.4 m, on the mast there are 6 spotlights with halogen lamps with a power of 1500 W each.
The size of the construction site is 750m2. The illumination standard for dismantling work is 10 lux. The approximate number of spotlights to be installed to create the required illumination is:
n = m x En x k x S /1500
where m is a coefficient that takes into account the luminous output of light sources, efficiency. spotlights and luminous flux utilization factor, and equal for these conditions to 0.13;
E P =kE N – required illumination at normalized E N =10 lux, k =2;
S – area of the illuminated territory, S = 750 m 2 ;
R L – lamp power equal to 1500 W.
In our case:
n = 0.13(2 x 10 x 750)/1500 = 1.3
To illuminate this area of dismantling work, 1 Atlas Copco QAX 12 lighting installation is sufficient.
Security and evacuation lighting is offered on the basis of CCD-type floodlights with DRL-400 lamps. Place the floodlights in the yard along the fence. The selection of lamps is made in accordance with GOST 12.1.046 “Standards for lighting construction sites”.
The illumination rate in this case is 0.5 lux; m equals 0.25, K equals 2
n = 0,25 x 0,5 x 2 x 2 x 750/1500= 0,25
You need 7 spotlights with DRL-400 lamps.
The required amount of electricity was calculated by consumer.
Table No. 9
|
No. |
Name of consumers |
Number of consumers, PC. |
Installed power, kWt |
Demand factor |
Required power, kW |
|
Perforator |
0,65 |
0,65 |
0,42 |
||
|
Welding machine |
22,5 |
0,65 |
14,6 |
||
|
Wheel washing |
1,1 |
0,65 |
0,7 |
||
|
Inventory cabins |
4,0 |
1,0 |
|||
|
Outdoor Lighting |
0,400 |
0,85 |
2,38 |
||
|
heat gun |
|||||
|
Other consumers (5% of total) |
1,4 |
||||
|
Total |
30,5 |
||||
|
Total, taking into account power losses in networks |
32,5 |
Based on the calculations performed, we use one working Atlas Copco diesel generator model QAS60, which will provide required power 40.9 kW.
Technical information on diesel generator Atlas Copco QAS -60
Table No. 10
|
Specifications |
|
|
Engine PERKINS 1103A-33TG2 |
|
|
Rotational speed |
1500 rpm |
|
Power at 50Hz |
53.8 kW |
|
Cooling |
liquid |
|
Number of cylinders |
|
|
Fuel consumption at 100% / 0% load |
12.6 / 2.0 l/hour |
|
Newage BCI Generator |
|
|
Current |
86.6 A |
|
General characteristics |
|
|
Main fuel tank capacity |
134 liters |
|
Additional fuel tank capacity |
326 liters |
|
Sound power level |
90 dBA |
|
Operating weight (with larger fuel tank) |
1456 kg(2105 kg) |
|
Length |
2450 mm |
|
Width |
1100 mm |
|
Height (with extended fuel tank) |
1483 mm(1765 mm) |
12.2 Explication of lighting fixtures
Table No. 11
13. Justification of resource requirements
The necessary resources are determined in accordance with the “Calculation standards for drawing up construction organization projects” of the TsNIIOMTP, Gosstroy of the USSR.
The need at a construction site for electricity, fuel, water, compressed air and oxygen in construction projects should be determined by the physical volume of work and calculation formulas.
Water supply is intended to meet the production, domestic and fire-fighting needs of the construction site.
The sequence of calculating water supply for a construction site includes: determining consumers and water consumption, selecting water supply sources.
The main consumers of water at a construction site are construction machines, mechanisms and construction site installations.
The total water consumption Q 1 for production needs is determined as:
- specific water consumption for production needs;
- number of production consumers on the busiest shift;
- coefficient for unaccounted water consumption (equal to 1.2);
- coefficient of hourly unevenness of water consumption (equal to 1.5);
- number of hours per shift (8 hours).
Specific consumption to meet production needs.
Table No. 12
Household needs are related to the provision of water to workers and employees during work (canteens, showers, etc.). Water consumption for household needs is determined by the formula:
- specific water consumption for household and drinking needs;
- number of workers on the busiest shift;
- coefficient of hourly unevenness of water consumption (equal to 1.5-3);
Specific water consumption to satisfy household needs:
Table No. 13
Water consumption for external fire extinguishing is taken based on the three-hour duration of extinguishing one fire and ensuring the calculated water consumption for these purposes at peak water consumption for industrial and household needs (except for water for showering and watering the territory).
When calculating water consumption, it is necessary to take into account that the number of simultaneous fires in the construction area is assumed to be up to 150 hectares - 1 fire. The water consumption to extinguish a building fire will be 2.5 l/s from each jet. The area of the construction site does not exceed 10 hectares, so the water consumption for fire extinguishing is assumed to be 10 l/s.
The total water consumption to meet the needs of the construction site is:
13.1 Water consumption for wheel washing
When leaving the construction site, a wheel washing station is installed.
The basic set of the "CASCADE-MINI" installation includes: a treatment plant, a hydrocyclone, submersible pump, high pressure pump, washing gun, set of hoses.
The recycling water supply installation for washing truck wheels is designed to purify water from large suspended particles of sand, clay, soil and other contaminants of a similar nature, while the purified water is returned for reuse. Thus, a constant volume of water equal to 1.1 cubic meters circulates in the system. meters.
Table No. 14
|
Specifications |
CASCADE-MINI |
|
|
Pump compartment heating |
||
|
Voltage |
||
|
Installed power |
||
|
Operating pressure |
||
|
Dimensions L x W x H |
||
|
Weight (±5%) |
||
|
Volume of water in container |
||
|
Number of washing guns |
||
|
Bandwidth |
Cars per hour |
14. Technical and economic indicators for PIC Table No. 15
The work schedule is presented on sheet No. 8.
UNDER- this is a project for organizing demolition (dismantling), which reflects the main measures for decommissioning the dismantling (demolition) object, specifically indicates what and by what methods dismantling (demolition) is carried out, measures to protect communications falling into the work area, technological maps - dismantling (demolition) sequence diagrams, solutions for removal and disposal of dismantling waste. The composition of the organization's demolition (dismantling) project is prescribed in Government Decree No. 87 of February 16, 2008 “On the composition of sections of project documentation and requirements for their content,” just as the PIC undergoes state examination within the framework of the legislation of the Russian Federation.
Organizational project for the demolition (dismantling) of a linear facility, developed in accordance with the RF GD No. 87 dated February 16, 2008, and can serve as an example for the development of a POD.
The archive provides examples of explanatory notes on the dismantling of overhead lines.
Format: DOC
An example of an organization's project for the demolition (dismantling) of a linear facility
Methods and sequence of work to dismantle buildings
One of the most time-consuming and specific construction processes during major repairs and reconstruction is the destruction and dismantling of various structures, structures or buildings, structures in general, as well as the arrangement of various openings, holes, niches, nests, grooves and boreholes in structures.
The destruction of building structures is a directed impact on the material of the latter in order to eliminate them.
Dismantling of building structures is the process of their removal with complete or partial destruction of the constituent elements.
Dismantling of buildings and structures is a complex process of sequential dismantling of its elements, including the processing or disposal of disassembly products to the dump (Fig. 1).
The mechanized process of dismantling building structures after destruction of only the connecting and fastening elements is called dismantling of structures.
During the reconstruction process, partial or complete dismantling of buildings and structures is carried out.
Partial disassembly is carried out when replacing or repairing individual elements, as well as when changing the space-planning and structural elements of buildings and structures.
Complete dismantling of the building (demolition) is carried out when it is inappropriate or impossible to further use the structures and, in accordance with a sequential scheme for their removal, install temporary fastenings of the structures, their collapse, equip the facility with temporary fences, protective canopies, floorings.
Disassembly is usually carried out from top to bottom in a certain sequence (Fig. 2)
At the same time, one-story buildings are often dismantled using a separate method, which includes element-by-element dismantling of structures throughout the building, or a complex method, in which the building is dismantled section by section. Multi-storey buildings should be dismantled floor by floor in individual sections or along the entire length of the building.
If deformations occur at any stage of dismantling buildings or structures, it is necessary to stop work, remove workers from the building until solutions are developed and measures are taken to ensure the stability of structures and the safety of work.
Means of destruction of building structures of buildings and structures
Due to the trend of significant growth in the volume of reconstruction work in the construction industry, there is a need to improve existing and develop new tools and means for destroying building structures.
According to the type of energy affecting the material of destroyed structures, means of destruction are divided into:
Mechanical;
Thermal;
Explosive;
Classification of methods and means of destruction of building structures
|
Tools, mechanisms, machines |
a brief description of |
|
Mechanical |
|
|
Hand tool(chisel, crowbar, sledgehammer, hammer-pick, wedge) |
They are used for the destruction of various structures, installation of nests, furrows, niches, etc. for small amounts of work |
|
Jackhammer, concrete breakers |
Pneumatic, electric. They are used for layer-by-layer dismantling of structures, arranging niches, and grooves in stone structures. Productivity 0.25-1.5 m3/h. Tool weight 18-20 kg. Impact energy 90 J |
|
Hammers |
Pneumatic, electric. They are used for drilling holes from the action of a shock-rotational body in structures in any spatial position. Weight 10-40 kg. Impact energy of the working body is 10-40 J. Drilling diameter is 5-40 mm. Hole drilling depth is 100-4000 mm. Drilling speed in concrete M300 - 100 mm/min
1- Destructible structure, 2- perforator; 3 - supply of air, electricity; 4- hole |
|
Hand Drilling Machines with Carbide Drills |
Designed for drilling holes in stone structures with a diameter of 25-32 mm |
|
Machines with diamond annular drills |
They are used for drilling holes, making openings and boreholes in various structures and in their different spatial positions. The weight of the machines is 12-120 kg. Drilling diameter 20-160 mm. Drilling depth 900 mm
1 - scaffolding; 2 - machine; 3 - ring drill; 4 - destructible structure |
|
Hammer wedge, hammer ball |
Working bodies mounted on the crane boom are used to destroy concrete and brick walls and ceilings, and road surfaces up to 300 mm thick. Mass of the ball (wedge) 0.5-5 tons. Volume of work performed with brick walls 30-50 m3/h, reinforced concrete 10 m3/h 1- Destructible structure; 2 - hammer wedge; 3 - hammer ball; 4 - tap |
|
Active bucket (excavator-destructor) |
Grab device on the boom of a hydraulic excavator. Used for demolition of stone structures and loading of dismantling products. A replaceable gripping and cutting device (grab) allows you to grab, break, loosen, tear off, collapse and crush various structures. At the same time, the reinforcement is cut and metal profiles. The destructive force reaches 200 tons. The thickness of destroyed structures is up to 1200 mm
1 - destructible structure; 2 - grab; 3 - excavator |
|
Hydraulic and pneumatic hammers |
Equipment mounted on the boom of an excavator or other machinery. Designed for destruction of concrete and reinforced concrete structures, road surfaces and sites. The thickness of the destroyed concrete layer is 300-500 mm. Impact energy 1000-22000 J. Impact mass 25-1300 kg. Scope of work 1.5-3.5 m3/h
1 - destructible structure; 2 - hydraulic (pneumatic) hammer; 3 - excavator |
|
Machines with carbide cutting wheels (furrowers, disc cutters) |
Designed for cutting concrete and reinforced concrete, cutting openings, cutting expansion joints. Structure cutting depth up to 630 mm. Machine weight is 80-400 kg. Capacity 2-10 m/h
1 - destructible structure; 2 - diamond blade; 3 - belt drive; 4 - electric motor; 5 - frame; 6 - cutting depth regulator; 7 - carriage |
|
Rope traction |
Designed for disassembly vertical structures by collapse. Used with manual or electric drive (hoists, winches) or with construction equipment (bulldozer, excavator)
1 - destructible structure; 2 - rope; 3 - tractor |
|
Hydrowedge installations |
They are used to destroy concrete and reinforced concrete structures. They consist of an oil pump station and wedge devices with hydraulic cylinders. The wedge device is inserted into a pre-drilled hole. The length of the hydraulic wedge is up to 500 mm. Weight 10-100 kg. The developed force of the hydraulic wedge is up to 100 tons. The radial stroke of the cheeks is 10-15 mm. Productivity 0.25-2 m3/h
1 - hole in a destructible structure; 2 - hydrocline; 3 - oil pump station |
|
Device for destroying pile heads (URGS) |
Used for cutting piles, columns, racks, pillars. Used as attachments for tractors, excavators, cranes. The dimensions of the piles to be destroyed are 350x350 mm. The force of the hydraulic cylinders is 360 kN. The stroke of the moving knife is 580 mm. Productivity up to 120 pcs./h
1 - tractor; 2 - URGS; 3- pile; 4 - hydraulic cylinder |
|
Expanding mixtures |
Designed to destroy stone masses of any strength. The principle of operation is based on the expansion of hardening mixtures mixed with water (1:3). The mixture is poured into holes drilled into the structure. Expansion force 50 MPa. Maximum force development time is 24-48 hours (the most common are NRS-1, Brizant)
1 - destructible structure; 2 - hole with expanding mixture; 3 - crack formed; b1, b2 - hole diameter before and after expansion of the mixture |
|
Hydromonitors |
Used to destroy earthen, sand and other structures using a flow of water falling under pressure |
|
Thermal |
|
|
Jet torch |
Designed for cutting concrete and reinforced concrete structures. The principle of operation is based on the formation of a supersonic jet stream due to the combustion of fuel and oxidizer in the burner. Drilling diameter is 40-120 mm. Drilling depth up to 1500 mm. Drilling speed 4-12 m/h |
|
Oxygen spear |
Designed for burning holes in concrete structures. It is a thick-walled pipe with a diameter of up to 25 mm, a length of 3-5 m, with a steel rod embedded inside. The end of the pipe is heated red-hot and oxygen is introduced into the pipe. In this case, the metal begins to burn, melting the concrete, and the slag is blown out with excess oxygen. The diameter of the burnt holes is 30-120 mm. Burning depth up to 4000 mm. Hole burning speed 2000 mm/h. Combustion temperature 2000 0 C
1- Oxygen ramp; 2 - spear holder; 3 - spear; 4 - metal core; 5 - destructible structure |
|
Powder-oxygen lance |
A type of oxygen spear. A mixture of iron powder (20-30%) and aluminum (70-80%), as well as oxygen, is supplied through the pipe. The flame temperature is above 4000 0C. Hole burning speed 600-2400 m/h |
|
Powder Oxygen Cutter |
Used for cutting concrete and reinforced concrete. designs. It is an installation into which oxygen, flux (a mixture of aluminum iron powder) and a propane-butane or acetylene mixture are supplied. The thickness of the cut structures is 400 mm and above. Cutting speed 0.6-2.4 m/h |
|
Electric arc melting plant |
Designed for destruction of structures, as well as for the formation of openings, grooves and holes in concrete and reinforced concrete. Consists of carbon or graphite electrodes mounted on a special stand and connected to a transformer with a voltage of 40-70 V and a current of 400-2000 A. Penetration depth up to 1000 mm
1 - destructible structure; 2 - shield; 3 - electrode; 4 - electrical holder; 5 - transformer; 6 - trolley |
|
Explosive |
|
|
Explosives |
They are used in the destruction of various structures, in the demolition of buildings and structures. Explosives are used in the form of overhead, cumulative and blasthole charges |
|
Hydroexplosion |
Effective in crushing and chipping the material of destructible structures. Along the spalling line, holes are drilled throughout the entire thickness of the structure, into which water or a clay suspension is poured along with explosives. The aqueous environment ensures the transition of the explosion into a shock wave that destroys the material. Productivity when destroying stone structures - up to 20 m3/h
1 - destructible structure; 2 - explosive; 3 - water; 4 - cracks |
|
Electrohydraulic installations |
Used to destroy concrete and reinforced concrete. structures with a strength of more than 30 MPa. The installations are designed on the principle of reproducing an electric discharge in a liquid in a blast hole chamber, during which the energy accumulated in capacitor banks is instantly released, providing a pressure in the discharge channel of the order of 102 - 103 MPa. In this case, pressure waves are transmitted through the water to the walls of the hole, leading to the formation of cracks and destruction of the material. Voltage 6000 V. Destruction productivity 1-10 m3/h
1 - destructible structure; 2 - fuse; 3 - water; 4 - high-voltage transformer with capacitor bank |
|
Electrohydraulic wedge |
Used for splitting stone structures. It is a wedge device combined with an electric fuse
1 - destructible structure; 2 - side cheeks; 3 - piston with wedge; 4 - fuse; 5 - transformer; 6 - hole |
|
Hydropowder rock breakers |
Designed to destroy stone structures in cramped conditions. A pipe with an anchor device is inserted into a hole filled with water. As a result of the firing of a powder cartridge, the gases press on the water, which destroys the concrete. Tool weight 12 kg. The length of the working part is 400-700 mm. Productivity when destroying concrete structures 0.5-2 m3/h 1 - destructible structure; 2 - hole; 3 - hydropowder rock breaker |
|
Others |
|
|
Low-high frequency settings Ultrasonic installations Electroshock installations |
Used to destroy special structures based on cavitation |
|
Chemicals |
Chemicals react with structural materials and destroy them |
