Many owners of private houses are interested in how to bring water into the house from the tap. The most economical and simplest way is to connect to the central water supply (if it is present in a given locality).
There will be troubles associated with paperwork and installation of pipes, but in the future there will be no problems with water supply. Some of the work can be done by hand to save money.
First of all, you need to decide what will serve as a source of water. There are certain standards according to which every person living in a house must be provided with water at least 30 liters per day. Also in country houses there are usually gardens and kitchen gardens that need to be watered. It is obvious that the need for water among owners of country houses and plots is quite high.
Therefore, the source of water supply must be chosen very carefully.
There is a simple way to bring water into your house from a water supply system - connect to the central water supply, having received permission to do so. In terms of costs, it is not too expensive, convenient, practical and safe. This source has its advantages:
- Water usually goes through all sorts of tests and purifications. You don't have to worry about its quality. It is almost impossible to meet the causative agent of diseases in such water.
- It's quite economical. Despite the fact that you will have to purchase pipes, meters, mixers and other equipment, it will cost less than drilling a well.
- Such a system is very convenient. You can lay pipes quickly; you don’t need to look for a river or other water source in the area.
- For those who spend the whole summer or all year round in a private home, water pressure is very important. In this case it will be strong and permanent.
The difficulty of this method is in the bureaucratic system. You cannot connect to the central highway yourself. This requires permission and a lot of documents. However, not the entire process is controlled. The owner of the house receives papers and diagrams with recommended pipe laying. He can do the rest of the work himself. It is worth considering that the central pipe may be old, which means you will have to face a water outage due to repairs. But these are temporary difficulties.
The decentralized method does not require so much paperwork. Water comes from the nearest reservoir, borehole or well. However, there are also many requirements here: the well must be located at a certain distance from the house, as far as possible from the cesspool. Another difficulty is that it is not always possible to know for sure whether this source will meet the requirements, whether there will be enough water and what quality it will be. To ensure sufficient water pressure, you need to purchase and install a powerful pump.
Useful video on how to conduct water in a private house:
Design rules
Pipes can be laid in various ways. For example, if residents visit the house only in spring and summer, then you can leave the pipes outside, which is somewhat simpler and cheaper. For those who live in country house constantly, the best option would be pipes that are located below the soil freezing level. Care must be taken in advance to ensure that pipes do not freeze.
It is very important to draw up and sketch a diagram.
This will help not only to more accurately determine best option laying pipes, but also calculate how much material will be needed, how long it will take to carry out all the work, and what size trench needs to be dug. This is not just planning, but a necessary stage, thanks to which you can avoid many mistakes and problems.
At the design stage, the following nuances must be taken into account:
- It is necessary to make calculations using certain formulas. These calculations relate to water pressure. If the house has a bathroom or shower on the 2nd or 3rd floor, the pressure there should be sufficient. Such calculations are required for a decentralized water supply method. If the water comes from the central pipe, the pressure is usually always good.
- You need to calculate the number of collectors, pumps and filters that will have to be installed.
- Each element of this system must be located in a specific place. You need to think through these places and the distances between them in advance to make using the water supply system convenient.
- It is necessary to determine the type of wiring: collector or serial. The first method ensures uniform pressure in the pipes, and the second allows you to save on materials. If the house is small and a small number of people live in it, a sequential wiring system would be the best option.
- When taking measurements, you need to use one tape measure and it is advisable that all measurements are carried out by one person. This will help avoid discrepancies.
It is very important to take into account all the details. If a mistake was made during design, you can notice it after installation. This will lead to unnecessary problems and costs. If you have any doubts or questions, it is better to consult with a specialist in advance than to redo something that has already been done incorrectly.
A very important step is the selection of pipes and materials. The strength and durability of the structure depends on the correct selection of parts and materials. High demands are placed on water pipes: they must be resistant to chemical and temperature influences, sufficiently durable, but not heavy.
Pipes are the main element of the water supply system. Most often, pipes are chosen from the following materials:
| Material | Peculiarities |
| Steel | For some time, steel pipes were very popular due to their increased strength. Steel is not afraid of mechanical stress and lasts a long time, but there are also disadvantages. Steel pipes They are difficult to install and not everyone can install them themselves. Also, steel will rust over time due to moisture, so they will have to be replaced. |
| Copper | Copper pipes are durable and less susceptible to corrosion, but their cost is much higher than steel pipes. Due to their high cost, they are not used very often. They are also difficult to install, and they are not laid in the ground. But copper is famous for its durability. Such pipes last for decades. |
| Plastic | Today this is the most popular option. Plastic pipes lightweight, fit well, can be bent, are not afraid of environmental influences, and are also inexpensive. However, you need to consider the quality of the plastic. Not all types can withstand high temperatures and hot water. Plastic tolerates any pressure well, that is, the likelihood that the pipe will be damaged from the inside is minimal. |
| Metal-plastic | This option is durable and convenient. In the manufacture of such a pipe, the polymer material is welded to a metal frame. Metal adds strength to the structure. Thanks to the protective polymer coating, the metal part is not subject to corrosion. |
When choosing a particular material for water pipes, you need to take into account both the budget and the properties of this material. For those who have a lot of experience, but want to lay pipes with their own hands, it is better to choose polypropylene.
You can weld the joints of such pipes using a simple low-temperature soldering iron. In this case, the seams are sealed. In the future, this design will not be dismountable, but this will not cause trouble: polypropylene pipes can be easily cut and welded again. But you still need to purchase a special soldering iron.
Installation of water pipes is carried out in several stages. After a plan has been drawn up, a diagram has been drawn, all materials have been calculated and purchased, you can begin work. Of course, the design is carried out taking into account current rules and regulations. It all starts with exterior work. After receiving permission, the pipe installation process begins.
Exterior work involves first digging a trench. There are several nuances to consider:
- In the central water supply pipe, you need to determine the point to which the pipe will be attached. A trench will run from the house to this point. Experts recommend starting from home, and not vice versa. This will make it easier and more convenient.
- The depth of the trench must be greater than the freezing level of the soil, otherwise the pipes will freeze in winter. If this is not possible, you need to take care of insulating the pipes.
- If the distance from the house to the central highway is short, you can dig manually. If a long and deep trench is required, you will have to rent special equipment.
- There is a fairly simple way to make a small trench if the ground is soft, without stones. Several holes are made along the way, and then water is supplied with a hose. She will wash the earth herself.
- Too heavy soil will not allow you to dig a deep trench. In this case, the pipes can be left closer to the surface, but insulated with heat-insulating materials. You also need to additionally insulate the place where the pipe enters the wall. This is where pipes freeze most often in winter. Basements are very convenient in this case.
- The pipes are not laid directly into the trench. First, make a cushion of sand or crushed stone. Such a pillow will absorb water and precipitation and remove it from the pipes so that rust does not appear on the metal and the pipes do not freeze in the cold.
- At the point where the pipe cuts into the central main, a well is made. In case of repairs, the residents of the house will be able to turn off the water. A water meter is also installed near the insertion point. This is a mandatory requirement of the water utility.
For internal works a separate diagram is needed. Plastic pipes are used inside the house because they have an aesthetic appearance. Places for water intake and pipe routing, as well as installation are outlined various devices, for example, water heater, meters. A practical solution would be to install a boiler. In this case, residents will not be left without water even if the central water supply is cut off. In addition, the boiler helps maintain good water pressure.
Connecting the pumping station
In order for the water supply system in a private house to work correctly, you need to install water purification equipment, as well as a hydraulic accumulator and pump. First, the pumping station is connected and installed. A pump is needed to pump water from a well or other source. It is worth remembering that pumps differ in both power and type of control (manual or automatic).
When installing a pumping station, the following recommendations should be taken into account:
- The pump is sensitive to low temperatures. Therefore, a special heated room is allocated for its placement.
- During installation, a pipe from the source is connected to the pump and a drain valve is installed. This way you can stop the water supply if necessary.
- First, the ejector is assembled, which is a unit with 3 connections. It is also necessary to install a water purification filter in one of the ejector sectors.
- It is important to consider the length of the pipes. It is often forgotten that the material needs to be purchased with a reserve, since there are various turns and branches.
- To prevent water leakage, everything threaded connections You need to tighten it tightly with a wrench. Don't rely on hand tightening.
You can learn more about how to conduct plumbing in a private house with your own hands from the video:
Installing a hydraulic accumulator
The hydraulic accumulator maintains pressure in the water supply system. Its installation is optional. In fact, this device is a vessel, in one part of which there is water, in the other - air.
If the water runs out, the automatic system turns on the pump, which replenishes the water supply. Therefore, the pressure in the pipes does not drop. The equipment is attached to the water supply pipe using adapters and to the floor using rubber gaskets.
Water purification equipment
It is recommended to install a water treatment system when receiving water from a well, but even with a central water supply it will not be superfluous. To ensure the purity of the water and its safety for health, you can conduct an analysis, and then select filters.
Several filters are installed depending on how clean the water the home owners want. Installation of filters in the water supply system is carried out after installing the hydraulic accumulator.
Many people dream of a dacha or a spacious country house, but not everyone knows how to install a water supply. Not always in the village there is a water pipe to which you can freely connect, and have cold and hot water all year round. Special companies can drill the well, and you will purchase the equipment. Consider which equipment to connect from the well to the house and conduct water supply.
Methods by which water is carried from a well to a house
Option 1 – autonomous water supply and water supply to a private house
Water supply will be autonomous if modern automated systems are used. If you have a well on your site, then depending on its depth and the constant flow of water, you can install a hand pump or a special pumping station (for example,).
Let the standard connection diagram remain unchanged, but additional elements with nodes can be carried out.
Equipment and devices for home water supply
Depending on how deep the water goes and the well will be made. Select suitable equipment.
The main thing is a pump that pumps liquid from the well and supplies it to the reservoir for the whole house.
In order for a well to be serviced by autonomous equipment, you need to install a unit with a diameter of 3 or 4. There must be protection against “dry running”. Thanks to this, when there is a minimum of water in the well, the pump will not overheat or break. According to the technology, you need to install a caisson made of plastic or steel. The caisson is placed so that it can be easily approached, inspected, cleaned, and no water or dirt can enter from the outside.
- Pipes through which water flows from the well are from 25 to 32 mm in diameter. It is best to take metal-plastic ones. Polymer material. It is easy to bend and corrosion resistant. Pipes from 30 to 50 cm are buried in the ground.
- Sewerage needs to be installed. , which has reception cameras and a system that cleans drains.
We carry water from the well into the home with our own hands
We will describe the connection based on the fact that there is a well on the site. Well drilling can be ordered from the company. First you need to carefully arrange the well:
We put a cap on the pipe that comes out. This is the header. It is best when the head has a bend (of the required diameter). You can immediately connect the water supply.
Let's install a caisson. The head is inserted into it. You can install the caisson yourself. Dig a hole around the well and place a tank there. Buy plastic. You can easily make a hole in it for the pipe. This is most often done after drilling a well. Not everyone puts a caisson when a well is drilled in the basement. Next, you need to connect all the pipes. The automation can be installed in the caisson itself or in the basement.
Diving into the well of the device is required. Most often, to reach a layer of water, drilling a deep well is required. Units located on top are not suitable. We need special ones - deep ones. The pipe from the well is brought to the caisson. You need to put a hose on the pump nozzle. Liquid will begin to rise along it. The body is tied with a cable. An ear is used for this. The electric cable is connected with zip ties or a rope is used to connect the cable to the cable or hose.
Distance 0.5 m between connections. You need to carefully lower the pump into the excavation so that it does not hit the walls and swing violently. Then we connect the hose that was led outside to the water supply pipe. There was a water line on top. Take her into the house.
It is important to correctly lay the pipes that run along the street. After all, in winter they can freeze, which is why a heating cable is installed.
Pipes are laid no less than 1.2 m deep. If there is no heating cable, the pipes must be insulated with shells. It comes from polyurethane foam, mineral wool or polystyrene foam. The pipe is already in the house - the difficult part has been passed. Now we need internal wiring for bathrooms, washing machines and other household appliances, taps.
It is necessary to design the entire system, what the internal wiring will be like at all points. The best liner is a collector line. There is only one water supply system and there are distribution points from it. It is best to take polymer pipes for supply. Especially if you do it yourself. They clog less and are not as expensive. Try to make fewer bends. Choose designs where the segments are connected like a coupling or screwed into a thread. When welding, the joint cannot be separated and if you need to change a part, you will have to cut it.
You have studied the material and now you know that it is better to hire workers to drill a well. But you can install water supply to the house, install equipment, either on your own or with a knowledgeable partner, or hire workers. In any case, making the wiring using one of the methods is not so difficult. You can handle it. We also recommend looking at how to choose.
In the private sector, located within the city, it is usually possible to install a water supply from a centralized network. However, in populated areas where there is initially no main pipeline, it is necessary to install autonomous systems from hydraulic structures in the areas. However, sometimes such a need arises when accessing the central network. This happens if large areas need to be watered in the summer, and the water bills are too high. In such cases, it is more profitable to build a well once. How to supply water to a house from a well or borehole?
In order to organize an uninterrupted supply of water to water collection points and ensure the required pressure, the water supply scheme must include the following elements:
- hydraulic structure;
- pump equipment;
- hydraulic accumulator;
- water treatment system;
- automation: pressure gauges, sensors;
- pipeline;
- shut-off valves;
- collectors (if necessary);
- consumers.
Additional equipment may also be required: water heaters, irrigation systems, etc.
Features of choosing pumping equipment
For a stationary water supply system, submersible centrifugal pumps are most often chosen. They are installed in wells and boreholes. If the hydraulic structure is of small depth (up to 9-10 m), then you can purchase or. This makes sense if the well casing is too narrow and there are difficulties with choosing submersible pump the required diameter. Then only the water intake hose is lowered into the well, and the device itself is installed in a caisson or utility room.
Pumping stations have their advantages. These are multifunctional systems - pump, automation and hydraulic accumulator. Although the cost of the station is higher than that of a submersible pump, the system is ultimately cheaper because There is no need to separately purchase a hydraulic tank.
The most significant disadvantages of pumping stations are the loud noise during operation and limitations on the depth from which they can lift water. It is important to install the equipment correctly. If you make a mistake, it can become airy, which affects the stability of the water supply.
To organize the uninterrupted operation of the water supply system, in addition to pumps, hydraulic tanks and automatic control units are installed
When choosing a pumping station, you should correctly calculate required power, productivity and buy equipment with high efficiency
There are cases when it is simply impossible to install a submersible pump and you have to install a surface or pumping station. For example, if the water level is insufficient to comply with the rules for installing deep-water equipment.
The pump must be installed so that there is a layer of water above it of at least 1 m, and 2-6 m remains to the bottom. This is necessary for good cooling of the electric motor and intake without sand and silt. Failure to comply with installation conditions will lead to rapid wear of the pump due to pumping contaminated water or burnout of the electric motor windings.
When choosing a submersible pump for a well, you need to pay attention to the type of design of the device. If a three-inch production pipe is installed, many well owners buy a cheap and reliable domestic pump "Malysh". The diameter of its body allows you to mount the device even in narrow pipes. However, with all the advantages, “Kid” is the worst choice. This is vibration type equipment.
Constant engine vibration quickly destroys the production string. Savings on a pump can result in much larger expenses for drilling a new well or replacing the casing, which is comparable in cost and labor intensity to the construction of a hydraulic structure. Vibrating pumps are not suitable for narrow wells due to the design and operating principle. It's better to install a pumping station.
Into the well deep well pump lowered on a safety rope. If it is necessary to dismantle it, then it should also be lifted by the cable and under no circumstances should it be pulled by the water-lifting pipe
Hydraulic accumulator - guarantee of uninterrupted water supply
The presence of a hydraulic accumulator tank in the water supply system prevents many problems with the water supply to the house. This is a kind of analogue of a water tower. Thanks to the hydraulic tank, the pump operates with less load. When the tank is filled, the automation turns off the pump and turns it on only after the water level drops to a certain level.
The volume of the hydraulic tank can be any - from 12 to 500 liters. This allows for some water supply in case of a power outage. When calculating the volume of a hydraulic accumulator, it is taken into account that, on average, approximately 50 liters are needed to meet the water needs of one person. About 20 liters are taken from each water collection point every day. Water consumption for irrigation should be calculated separately.
There are two types of accumulators - membrane and storage. The first ones are usually small in volume, equipped with a pressure gauge and a check valve. The task of such a hydraulic tank is to provide the necessary pressure in the water supply. Storage tanks are much larger. When filled, they can weigh up to a ton.
Volumetric tanks are mounted in attics, so when designing a water supply system, the need for reinforcement should be foreseen in advance. building structures and consider thermal insulation winter period. The volume of water in the storage tank is sufficient so that in case of a power outage there will be enough water for at least a day.
There are many designs of hydraulic accumulators. Depending on the location, you can choose a vertical or horizontal model
HDPE pipes - a simple and reliable solution
On sale you can still find water pipes made of any materials - steel, copper, plastic, metal-plastic. Increasingly, owners of country houses prefer HDPE pipes (made of low-density polyethylene). They are not inferior in quality to metal ones, but do not freeze, burst, rust, or rot.
High-quality HDPE pipes can last up to half a century. Due to their low weight, standardized connecting and fastening elements, they are relatively easy to install. This is an ideal option for an autonomous water supply system, and every year more and more home owners choose it. Usually, pipes with a diameter of 25 or 32 mm are bought for plumbing.
Polyethylene is elastic. It expands and contracts depending on the ambient temperature. Thanks to this, it retains its strength, tightness and original shape.
Laying the outer part of the pipeline
When constructing a water pipeline, it is necessary to ensure that the pipeline is connected to the water-lifting pipe below the freezing level of the soil. The best option is installation via a pitless adapter.
This is a simple and cheap device designed specifically for removing pipes from the production string of a well. How to equip a well with a pitless adapter is described in detail in the video:
If for some reason it is impossible to connect via the adapter, you will have to build a pit or install a caisson. In any case, the connection to the pipeline must be at a depth of at least 1-1.5 m. If a well is used as a source, a hole must be punched at its base to insert the pipe. Later, when all pipe laying work is completed, the inlet is sealed.
Then the scheme is approximately the same, both for a well and for a well. To lay the pipeline, a trench is prepared from the hydraulic structure to the walls of the house. Depth – 30-50 cm below the freezing level. It is advisable to immediately provide a slope of 0.15 m per 1 m of length.
When the trench is dug, its bottom is covered with a 7-10 cm layer of sand, after which it is watered and compacted. Pipes are laid on the sand bed, connected, and hydraulic tests are carried out at a pressure 1.5 times higher than the planned working pressure.
If everything is in order, the pipeline is covered with a 10 cm layer of sand and compacted without excessive pressure so as not to tear the pipes. After this, the trench is filled with soil. The pumping cable is laid together with the pipes and insulated. If necessary, it can be extended if the standard length is not enough to connect to the power source. The standard pump electrical cable is 40 m.
When preparing a trench for a pipeline, a sand cushion must be installed. This is necessary so that a sharp cobblestone from the ground does not pierce and depressurize the pipe
How else can you supply water to your house? If the house is located in harsh climatic conditions or the owner decided to lay the pipeline so as not to depend on the depth of soil freezing, then there are options for arranging an external water supply:
- The pipeline is laid at a depth of 60 cm and covered with a 20-30 cm layer of insulating mixture - expanded clay, foam chips or coal slag. The main requirements for the insulator are minimal hygroscopicity, strength, and no compaction after compaction.
- Can be arranged external water supply at a shallow depth - from 30 cm, if the pipes are insulated with special insulation and a corrugated casing.
- Sometimes pipes are laid with a heating cable. This is an excellent solution for areas where bitter frosts are severe in winter.
The material on organizing permanent and summer water supply options at your dacha will also be useful:
Entering the pipeline into the house
Water is carried from the well into the house through the foundation. The pipeline most often freezes at the point of entry, even if it is laid according to all the rules. Concrete allows moisture to pass through well, and this contributes to problems with pipes. To avoid them, you need a piece of pipe with a larger diameter than the water supply.
It will serve as a kind of protective case for the insertion site. To do this, you can choose a pipe from any available material - asbestos, metal or plastic. The main thing is that the diameter is significantly larger, because need to be laid water pipe with heat-insulating materials. For a 32 cm water supply, take a 50 cm case pipe.
The pipeline is insulated, placed in a protective structure, and then padded to achieve maximum waterproofing. A rope is hammered in the middle, and from it to the edge of the foundation - clay, diluted with water to the consistency of thick sour cream. This is an excellent natural waterproofing agent. If you do not want to prepare the mixture yourself, you can use polyurethane foam or any suitable sealant.
The pipeline entry should be located in the foundation itself, and not under it, because... After pouring it, the soil under the structure must not be touched. In the same way, the sewer pipeline is introduced through the foundation. There must be at least 1.5 m between the inputs of water supply and wastewater disposal systems.
For thermal insulation, materials with a thickness of about 9 mm are used. This protects the pipeline from deformation during shrinkage
Internal distribution of water supply pipes
After you have installed water in a private house, you need to choose the layout and type of internal wiring. It can be open or closed. The first method assumes that all pipes will be visible. This is convenient from the point of view of repair and maintenance, but from an aesthetic point of view it is not the best option.
Closed pipe installation is a method of placing pipes in the floor and walls. Communications are completely masked, they are not visible under the final finish, but this is a labor-intensive and costly process. If you have to repair pipes, then the entire room where you need access to them will also require updating the finish.
The most commonly used method is the open method of laying internal water supply pipes. This is much cheaper and more convenient than gating walls to mask communications. Pipes made of polymer materials also look good for open system fit better than metal ones
There are the following wiring diagrams:
- collector;
- tee;
- mixed.
With a collector type wiring, a collector (comb) is installed. Separate pipes run from it to each plumbing fixture. This wiring option is suitable for both types of pipe laying - open and closed.
Thanks to the presence of a manifold, the pressure in the system is stable, but this is an expensive undertaking, because... requires a lot of materials. A significant advantage of this scheme is that when one plumbing fixture is repaired, the water supply to the rest is possible as before.
Installation of manifold wiring is significantly more expensive than tee wiring, but these costs are recouped. Leaks most often occur at joints. With a collector circuit, the joints are minimum
The tee circuit is also called sequential. Plumbing fixtures are connected in series one after another. The advantage of the method is its cheapness and simplicity, but the disadvantage is the loss of pressure. If several devices operate simultaneously, the pressure decreases noticeably.
When repairing at one point, the entire water supply system has to be turned off. The mixed scheme provides for collector connection of mixers and serial connection of plumbing fixtures.
Serial connection of plumbing fixtures is the cheapest and most convenient option. However, such a scheme may well lead to the fact that when you open a cold tap in the kitchen, the water temperature in the bathroom will rise sharply
To drain water from the system if necessary, install a separate tap. When the internal plumbing is completely assembled, its operation is checked. If there are no leaks, the pressure at all water intake points is normal, the system can be put into operation.
Video example of arranging a water supply system inside a house:
When designing an autonomous water supply system, the need to install filters and water treatment systems should be taken into account. They can differ significantly in function, type of design and connection to the water supply. To choose the right filters, you need to do a water analysis to determine whether there are unwanted impurities. If the chemical and microbiological analyzes of the water are in order, then only rough purification of the water from sand, silt and dirt will be sufficient. If not, it is better to select equipment after consultation with specialists.
Before supplying water to a private house, you need to select a source of autonomous water supply. The best solution is to connect a private house to a centralized water supply. To carry out the introduction of “public” water into a private house, it is necessary to collect a substantial folder of documentation. Is the game worth the candle?
Advantages of central water supply
Benefits when connecting to a central water supply:
- you will get rid of significant financial costs for pumping equipment (it costs more than two pennies!);
- drilling, pumping and maintaining a well in working condition - this also means money, time and worries;
- Centralized water supply is a type of activity with a certificate, which guarantees you an uninterrupted supply of water, maintaining (without your efforts) normal pressure in the pipes and drinking quality of water.
You can supply water to a private home with the help of specialists (but this is a financial cost) or with your own, the choice is yours.
Without documents it will not be possible to supply water to a private house
In order to supply water to a personal household, you will have to run through the authorities to secure permits at all stages. Without this, water will flow into a private house from the central water supply illegally, and for arbitrariness you will have to pay an exorbitant fine, and even dismantle your initiative at your own expense.
This is serious, you need:
- perform research and obtain results;
- draw up technical documents;
- obtain their approval from the relevant institutions.
There is no need to mess up the paperwork - you need to do everything on time and in the correct sequence, otherwise you will have to start over.
Contacting your local surveyor's office
Your first step is to contact surveyors.
Be sure to take with you documentation confirming your rights to use this land plot.
Within 10 days, employees of the geodetic service must conduct a topographic survey of the area where your home is located and draw up an explication of the site (otherwise known as a situation plan). Significant objects will be marked on the legend, including your home and network engineering communications with distances. Based on the situational plan, it will be clear how to optimally deliver water to you.
If you have previously used the services of this service and the explication was compiled, check the date: if more than 1 year has passed since it was compiled, it is invalid and must be compiled again.
Services of the geodetic service are paid.
How to get TU
TU is specifications. To get them to connect to the central water supply, you should contact the structure with whose permission you built the house. From there you will be directed to the water utility. There you will submit your documentation package. It includes:
- application (in 2 copies);
- documents confirming the right of ownership of the house (plot);
- your identity document (passport);
- water consumption balance (it must be prepared by designers);
- building permit (in the form of 2 copies);
- situational plan (7 copies).
After 2 weeks, you will be provided with specifications, which will indicate the date of connection and the load you are allowed on the centralized water supply system (and whoever provided it is obliged to connect).
Ordering a water supply project
After receiving the specifications, it’s time to order a project for your future water supply system. Otherwise, it will be impossible to conclude an agreement with the water utility.
Based on the technical specifications, every qualified organization is suitable for the implementation of the project, but approval is possible only at the local water utility. The connection is made according to the project.
It is also necessary to coordinate the project with those who supply you with electricity, gas supply and telephony (their communications are also connected to you, and a new one may interfere with their work). The “final point” in approving the project will be put in the architecture committee.
We lay the water supply ourselves or entrust it to a special organization
Remember that according to the rules, “centralized” plumbing work outside the boundaries of your property is carried out by an organization with a license for this activity. It’s ironic, but such organizations are aware of their own importance and indispensability - and they voice such a price for services that people prefer to pay a fine (a much smaller amount) by doing all the work themselves.
The financial costs of installing a water supply system consist of payments for:
- materials;
- collection fittings;
- installation team services.
You can minimize costs by doing all the work yourself.
Agreement with water utility
Next, we show the documents to the local water utility and enter into an agreement with them. He, for his part, prepares the infrastructure of your household for work and connects to the water supply system; payment for services is required on your part.
We carry out the plumbing ourselves
The most budget solution- lay the pipeline yourself. Before running water into any private home, you should draw a diagram (strive for clarity). The diagram should make clear the location of pipes and water intake points, the approximate laying area, taking into account interchanges. Mark the obstacles on the terrain (they will have to be removed before installation; some awkward mound, boulder or stump sticking out of the ground can significantly complicate the installation). .
Then gradually introduce water into the house.
Construction of a well at the connection point
Have you noticed that along the central water supply line there are wells with outlets located at intervals of 100 m, making it possible to connect additional lines? TUs are given to the nearest well.
If it is not observed, it would be logical to equip your own well in the same place as the water supply. Possible materials for it:
- gas silicate (but not for long);
- brick (expensive);
- rings made of reinforced concrete (the best option).
For safety reasons, the well must be covered with a lid. Plastic can only be used if vehicles will not pass over its surface (otherwise it will not last long).
Connection to the main pipeline can be made:- insertion (requires a welding machine);
- without welding - using a clamp (disconnecting the central water supply is not required). A clamp is mounted on the supply pipe and drilled through a special hole. Screw an open tap onto the thread of the clamp and close it. If the valve is a ball valve, drilling is done by first installing it.
When using a clamp, dress appropriately and do not use a power drill - everything will get wet.
Digging a trench for laying pipes
To lay and supply water to the house, you need to dig a trench. This can be done in two ways:
- order the work of special equipment (a small excavator will do an excellent job, trenchers are also used);
- dig on your own (it is advisable to do this in a group - with family or friends, otherwise a long and tedious process awaits you).
The essence of the trench is that it should not only hide in itself, but also protect the pipeline from freezing, so it is dug below the freezing point of the soil in this region. Usually it is from 1.5 to 2 m, unless, of course, you live in the Arctic.
Then a sand cushion with the addition of crushed stone is created for the pipeline. It will cushion it and prevent groundwater from seeping into it (otherwise the pipes may freeze in harsh winters).
If you have land plot with features and to the proper depth it is impossible to dig, you will have to additionally insulate the pipes. For this we use:
- foamed polyethylene;
- expanded polystyrene;
- basalt wool.
You can fill the pipeline with expanded clay (it is not thermally conductive).
Creating an entrance to the house
Through the fitting, we connect the pipe to the centralized main (using a shut-off valve and sealed metering devices). After this, we lay the water supply into the house:
- under the foundation - do not forget about depth and insulation;
- through the foundation - punching an inlet hole is required (attention: it should be made 15 cm larger than the cross-section of the pipe to prevent deformation and destruction of the pipeline if the wall sags).
WITH special attention we treat this site - it can lie in the ground at a shallow depth, this is risky in terms of freezing. Therefore, it must be carefully insulated.
Choosing the best pipe and laying the line to the house
The main element of the plumbing system is pipes. You need to choose the best option. There is a choice:
- galvanized steel are resistant to serious mechanical overloads, but rust, and their installation involves threading or welding, which is difficult and time-consuming;
- from copper - long-lived pipes, but they cost "like a cast-iron bridge" and are difficult to install;
- polymer (polypropylene, HDPE) is easy to install, moreover, they are resistant to aggressive chemical influences and inexpensive;
- metal-plastic is also neutral to aggressive chemistry, has excellent throughput, is not afraid of ultraviolet radiation and corrosion, but does not tolerate high temperatures.
When the water supply to your home is completed, do not rush to bury the trench. You need to test the system - run water for testing and make sure that the joints are not leaking. If a leak is found, it must be repaired.
Conclusion + useful videos
As you can see, introducing water into a private house is not difficult; it can be done on a budget with your own hands. It is much more difficult to get through the bureaucratic jungle. But today there is an opportunity to at least complain about an organization that is “pulling the tires” and hope that this will stir it up.
Water is the first thing a person needs for normal living conditions. In high-rise buildings, special services take care of the water supply to housing even during construction, but in order to supply water to private property, you will have to work hard yourself. After all, living in a house without water is very inconvenient. How to connect to the central water supply running near the site? Where to begin? Where to go and what work will be required for this? You can read about all this and watch a detailed video.
Advantages of connecting to a centralized water supply
- Low costs for organizing a constant supply of water to the house - there is no need to worry about the delivery of water every day, for example, bringing it from a well or open source, ordering delivery by special vehicles or installing additional equipment in the house.
- The presence of constant pressure in the water supply system. If the pressure of the central system is sufficient for the operation of the water-consuming household appliances, then there is no need to install an additional pump.
- Quality control of incoming water by special services.
Before connecting to the water supply, you need to take care of waste water disposal. The ideal option is to connect to a centralized one. If there is none in the area where the house is located, you should take care of building a reliable drain hole or about installing an autonomous sewer system.
Pipe laying
When the house is not a permanent place of residence, for example, it is a summer house, it is necessary to provide for turning off the water and completely draining it from the home water supply system. This manipulation must be carried out if the home is left unattended for a long winter period.
Sometimes it happens that the water supply system has outdated equipment and the water pressure is not enough. In this case, additional installation of a pump will be required, which will increase the pressure in the system.
Not all water supply stations provide adequate treatment for the water. It can also become re-contaminated after passing through old, dirty pipes. In some cases, drinking such water may cause illness. Therefore, it is advisable to equip your home water supply system with special filters. Then you can’t do without installing a pump, since it will be needed to maintain the required pressure, sufficient so that the filters can be washed.
Advice. In any case, it is better to install water filters immediately after connection, since even in central water supply systems sanitary standards are not always met and the quality of the water may be questionable.
What documentation do you need to collect?
- Certificate of work for laying the pipeline.
- Documents for hydraulic testing of the same pipeline.
- The act of washing and disinfecting the water supply.
- Help for installation.
If some of the work will be performed independently, then you will additionally need:
- The act of digging a trench and adding sand.
- Sand filling act.
- Certificate of work for backfilling the trench.
To carry out work you need to obtain a permit
How to make an inset
- At the water utility or at the land registration center. plots, draw up a site plan (scale 1:500), which indicates all underground communications.
- A statement of desire to connect to the water supply is written to the district water utility. Documents for house and land ownership are also provided here. After a month, the water utility service issues the connection conditions - the location of the branch insertion, the diameter the required pipe etc.
- With these documents you need to go to the sanitation station and fill out an application there to receive an opinion on the insertion.
- In the design group of the water utility or another organization that has a license for this, based on the connection conditions, you need to make a connection project.
- This project is registered in the sanitary station.
- Next, the district utility system, based on the above documents, issues a permit for land work. In this case, the location of other underground communications must be taken into account: gas supply pipes, telephone cables, etc.
- Only special services that have a license to do so can lay pipes and cut into the system. You can always get a list of such organizations from the water utility.
After choosing an installation team, you must conclude an agreement with them for connecting to the water supply and installing the meter.
Attention! It is strictly forbidden to crash into plumbing system and install counters. We ourselves are allowed to carry out only unlicensed work, namely: digging a trench, adding sand and burying the trench after cutting.
After everything has been done, representatives of the water utility inspect the work and draw up a commissioning report.
What work is carried out during connection
First of all, specialists calculate the cost of laying pipes. This takes into account the required length of the future water supply system, the nature of the soil and obstacles along the way. It is necessary to purchase pipes of the appropriate diameter, various valves and a water meter.
Advice: If the water supply runs quite far, then it is better to pull it together with your neighbors. This will save a considerable amount.
For plumbing, pipes made of plastic or polyethylene are used, which in cold areas must be covered with waterproofing in case of freezing. The diameter of these pipes directly depends on the length of the water pipeline and the amount of water consumed.
The trench being dug must be deeper than the freezing level so that the pipes do not freeze even in a cold winter. The pipeline must run in a straight line. If there is a descent, this is good, the water pressure will always be sufficient, but if the pipes go up, then additional pumps will have to be installed. The bottom of the trench must be level to avoid deformation of the pipes. To do this, it is specially covered with sand, resulting in a so-called sand cushion.
Comply with all technical regulations
A valve is installed a few tens of centimeters from the branch of the central water supply. In the same part you need to install a well from concrete rings, from cinder block or from special plastic structures. If the water supply runs across several houses, then a well with a valve will have to be installed on each branch.
The wells are not buried from above, but are closed with manhole covers. This is done so that the valve can be accessed, for example, in an emergency. The well necessarily covers a section of the main water supply pipe and a valve.
The connection can only be made by water utility workers. They shut off the flow of water in the central main, cut into the pipe, then install a valve and connect a new branch that goes directly to the house. Then the line is opened again and the valve is moved back. From this moment water begins to flow into the house.
Advice. According to the recommendations of many owners of country houses, the site should in any case have its own well. This is very convenient - there will be stable water in the house even in the event of interruptions in the central water supply. Therefore, if the site contains groundwater good quality, it is worth taking care of its arrangement. Providing your home with a constant supply of water is a very real and feasible task.
In any case, before connecting your house or suburban area to the central water supply, you need to weigh the pros and cons, calculate the financial side and time costs.