"APPROVED"

_______________________

_______________________

_______________________

"____"____________200 g.

TECHNICAL INSTRUCTIONS

BUILDING MAINTENANCE

AND CONSTRUCTIONS OF THERMAL POWER INSTALLATIONS

The instructions have been developed on the basis of the “Standard Instructions for technical operation industrial buildings and structures of energy enterprises" part 2, section 1, ORGRES company

1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

1.1. The technical operation of industrial buildings and power plant structures in accordance with the provisions and instructions of this instruction must ensure their reliability, durability and conditions for uninterrupted energy generation or transmission.

1.2. This instruction is intended for operating personnel and managers of enterprises and is a document on the basis of which the operation of industrial buildings and structures should be organized and carried out.

1.3. Industrial buildings power plants are ground-based structures that house the majority of premises intended for long-term stay of people and the implementation of technological processes (auxiliary or main) in them for the production, distribution and transmission of energy (thermal, electrical).

1.4. Production facilities power plants are those completed construction projects that do not have rooms for people to stay in them (or separate rooms for them, small in area) and are designed to provide one of the auxiliary or main technological processes during short-term stay of people in them.

1.5. This manual addresses issues of organizing operation building structures industrial buildings and structures of power plants and their constituent engineering equipment, networks and systems: heating systems, water supply, hot water supply, industrial stormwater and domestic sewerage, groundwater drainage systems, various pits, foundations of technological equipment, as well as networks (ground and underground) for the collection and disposal of liquid industrial wastewater, waste, as well as overpass structures supporting ground networks and structures.

1.6. Industrial buildings and power plant structures must be maintained in a condition that ensures their uninterrupted use for their intended purpose, which is achieved by systematically carrying out scheduled preventive maintenance.

1.7. At each enterprise, the territory, buildings and structures must be assigned to the heads of the relevant departments by order of the director.

1.8. Supervision over the good condition of industrial buildings and structures, control over compliance with the requirements of this instruction, PTE TE, over the timeliness and quality of repairs, over the implementation of measures to prevent and eliminate emerging failure conditions and to increase the durability of structures, is carried out by the person responsible for monitoring the technical condition of buildings and structures assigned by order of the enterprise.

1.9. Annual and long-term plans for repairs of industrial buildings and structures are approved by the head of the enterprise.

2. ORGANIZATION OF SECURITY OBSERVATIONS

INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES

2.1. The main functions of personnel to monitor the technical condition of buildings and structures.

2.1.1. The main tasks and responsibilities of the person responsible for control are:

providing observations of the condition of buildings and structures;

supervision of timely and high-quality repairs of industrial buildings and structures by various repair departments;

providing technical assistance in planning and organizing repair and construction work by repair units;

implementation of orderly supervision over the technical condition of building structures of industrial buildings and structures by systematically conducting private ongoing and planned general technical inspections in accordance with the approved schedule;

participation in the acceptance into operation of industrial buildings and structures completed by major repairs, reconstruction, expansion, or newly built;

checking the condition of engineering equipment of industrial buildings and structures and organizing its maintenance;

organization of work on certification and inventory of industrial buildings and structures;

supervising the technical operation of the power plant territory;

drawing up current and long-term plans for repairs of industrial buildings and structures;

2.1.2. The person responsible for control must have the following documentation:

order for the enterprise on appointment;

PTE TE, this instruction and job description;

general plan of the enterprise with all buildings and structures shown on it;

executive diagrams-general plans of underground structures and communications on the territory of the power plant;

passports for each building and structure;

log of technical inspections of building structures of buildings and structures;

2.2. Technical supervision of industrial buildings

and facilities

2.2.1. Technical supervision of the condition, maintenance and repair of industrial buildings and structures of an energy enterprise must be carried out: according to a schedule drawn up taking into account the actual rate of wear and tear of buildings and structures, approved by the chief engineer of the enterprise.

2.2.2. All comments during inspections of buildings, structures and individual building structures, defects, deformations, damages, violations of technical regulations, are recorded in the technical inspection log of building structures of buildings and structures and in the technical inspection logs of building structures of buildings and structures.

2.2.3. The person responsible for systematic monitoring of the condition of buildings and structures is obliged to periodically report on the results of technical inspections to the management of the enterprise, outlining the observed violations and proposed measures to eliminate the reasons (explicit or suspected) that caused these violations; violations of the PTE and these instructions, causing deformation and damage, the development of which can lead to a decrease in the load-bearing capacity of building structures, loss of stability of elements of buildings and structures of the energy enterprise.

2.2.4. In addition to systematic monitoring of the operation of industrial buildings and structures, mandatory general technical inspections of all buildings and structures must be carried out within the following periods:

1) regular inspections twice a year - in spring and autumn;

2) extraordinary inspections after fires, rainstorms, strong winds, snowfalls, floods, earthquakes and other natural phenomena, as well as accidents of buildings, structures and technological equipment of an energy enterprise.

2.2.5. General regular spring and autumn technical inspections of buildings and structures are carried out by an inspection commission. The composition of the commission is appointed by the head of the enterprise. The commission is headed, as a rule, by the head of the power plant or his deputy.

2.2.6. A regular or extraordinary inspection of industrial buildings and structures can be general or private.

During a general inspection, the entire building or structure as a whole is examined, including all structures or structures accessible for inspection, including engineering equipment, various types of finishing and all elements of external improvement or the entire complex of buildings and structures of the enterprise.

2.2.7. The spring inspection is carried out in order to examine the technical condition of buildings and structures after the snow melts or winter rains, i.e., when all the external parts of the building, structures and the surrounding area are available for inspection.

During the spring inspection, the volume of work on routine repairs of buildings and structures carried out in the summer is clarified, and the volume of work on major repairs is identified for inclusion in the next year’s plan and in the long-term plan for repair work (for 3-5 years).

During the spring technical inspection it is necessary:

carefully check the load-bearing and enclosing structures of buildings and structures and take measures to eliminate all kinds of holes, cracks and gaps; erosion and damage from melt and process water runoff; collapse of large ice dams; cracks of a large opening and through nature (especially in cornice, balcony and canopy structures); visible deflections and other deformations and damage that threaten the safety of people;

check the preparedness of the coatings of buildings and structures for summer operation; condition of valleys, their contamination; the condition of structures connecting roofs to vertical walls, pipes and other protruding structures, as well as the condition of roofs on slopes, ridges and overhangs; permeability for storm water of internal drainage risers, receiving funnels; serviceability and stability of lightning rod structures, external drainage structures;

identify defective areas that require long-term monitoring;

check the serviceability of mechanisms and opening elements of windows, lanterns, gates, doors and other devices;

check the condition and take measures to put in order the blind areas and storm drains, as well as the vertical layout of the territory adjacent to buildings and structures.

2.2.8. Autumn inspection of industrial buildings and structures produced in 1.5 months. before the onset of the heating season in order to check the preparation of buildings and structures for operation in winter conditions. By this time, all summer routine repair work and major repair work performed during the summer period, which is directly related to the winter operation of buildings and structures, must be completed.

During a technical inspection it is necessary:

1) carefully check the load-bearing and enclosing structures of buildings and structures for tightness and take measures to eliminate all kinds of cracks and gaps that have appeared over the summer, creating conditions for cooling the premises in the winter;

2) check the preparedness of the coatings of buildings and structures for snow removal and the necessary means for this (snow melters, work equipment), as well as the condition of valleys, water intake funnels, risers of internal drains for the passage of melt water;

3) check the serviceability and readiness for work in winter conditions: opening elements of windows, lanterns, gates, vestibule doors and other devices; air curtains at the entrance gates to industrial buildings and structures;

4) check the presence and condition of insulation of network fittings of domestic water supply networks, fire water supply and technical water supply (fire hydrants, plungers, valves, etc.) installed in wells, as well as insulation of wells.

On ground networks, the condition of insulation of water pipes is also checked. Insulating material should be laid in wells on floors arranged at a depth of 0.4-0.5 m from the top of the well cover. The thickness of the layer of insulating material is set depending on its thermal conductivity and local climatic conditions.

To insulate wells, you can also install an additional wooden cover with a layer of insulating material (felt, polystyrene foam, etc.). An additional cover is installed below the top of the well cover by 0.3-0.4 m. The materials used for insulating wells must be dry;

5) in industrial buildings, check the state of preparedness for winter of internal water supply networks. All places in networks where water may freeze must be insulated;

2.2.9. During general spring and autumn inspections, the fire safety equipment of the power plant, buildings and structures should be checked.

2.2.10. Specific calendar dates for regular inspections of buildings and structures are established depending on the climatic conditions of the areas where the enterprise is located and are approved by the chief engineer of the enterprise.

2.2.11. The review committee's proposals should address the following issues:

elimination of constant or periodic exposure of building structures to steam, water (cold and hot) leaks, etc.;

elimination of the causes of increased vibrations transmitted to building structures;

development of protective measures against direct effects on building structures of buildings and structures from nearby sources of thermal radiation (in the presence of visible deformations on the surfaces of structures);

All such proposals must be included by the commission in the final part of the general technical inspection report of industrial buildings and structures (recommended appendix).

2.2.12. Based on the results of the work of the review commission, an act must be drawn up, which must contain:

the noticeable significant defects, violations of the PTE TE are presented, indicating the approximate physical volumes of repair work, as well as locations of defects, deformations and damage, and during the periods of autumn inspections, also the state of readiness of buildings and structures for operation in winter conditions;

urgent repair work that is subject to additional inclusion in the current year’s repair plan, and emergency repair work that must be urgently completed are highlighted (in its final part);

reflects the decisions of the commission to attract experts from competent organizations to examine emergency or pre-emergency conditions of structures and issue an opinion on the necessary work to eliminate these conditions;

Approximate deadlines for completing each type of repair work and performers are outlined (in the final part of the report).

2.2.13. The technical inspection report of a building or structure must be approved by the director or chief engineer of the enterprise with the issuance of an order on the results of the inspection, the adoption of the necessary measures, the timing of their implementation and those responsible for execution.

2.2.14. If emergency structures are identified during the inspection period, emergency measures must be taken to eliminate the causes that caused them and to temporarily strengthen these structures.

2.2.15. An employee supervising the operation of buildings and structures must conduct inspections and keep a workshop log of inspections of building structures. This employee is obliged, based on the results of inspections, to make entries in the workshop journal about defects, damage, deformations of building structures of workshop buildings and structures and violations committed in the operation of technological equipment and communications, violations committed during the repair of equipment and communications that cause damage to building structures, and the degree of contamination of premises and building structures inside and outside the buildings and structures of the workshop.

2.3. The main tasks and responsibilities of the person responsible for supervision are:

during the period of ongoing supervision

The main tasks and responsibilities of the person responsible for monitoring the technical condition of buildings and structures during the period of ongoing supervision are:

systematic identification and accumulation of technical information about the actual operating conditions and technical condition of buildings, structures, their building structures, territory, as well as the state of the surrounding production environment;

timely detection of structures of buildings and structures that are in a limiting (emergency) state and taking measures to eliminate this condition;

optimal selection of buildings and structures and their structural elements for inclusion in repair plans in order to make the most efficient use of funds and resources;

advance accumulation and preparation of systematic data on the repair of buildings and structures and their structures for inclusion in the next year’s plan and in the long-term plan.

2.3.1. Territory

2.3.1.1. In the areas of the power plant, technical supervision must be organized to ensure that the following is maintained in reliable and serviceable condition:

networks for the organized collection and removal of surface and groundwater from the territory (ditches, drainage channels, culverts, storm sewers with prefabricated wells, drainage networks, etc.);

water supply networks, sewerage, drainage, district heating and their structures;

sources of drinking water, reservoirs, reservoirs, sanitary zones for the protection of water supply sources with all hydraulic structures;

highways, passages to fire hydrants, reservoirs, passages, entrances to all industrial buildings and structures, warehouses, etc.;

vertical layout of the territory;

basic and working benchmarks and brands;

2.3.1.2. Periodically (especially during preparation for operation in winter), you should check for the presence above the surface of the ground of indicators of hidden underground communications of water supply, sewerage and heating, gas pipelines, air pipelines, cables, etc.; check the availability of passage of vehicles and mechanisms to all energy enterprise structures, as well as along water supply and discharge channels, underground pipeline routes.

2.3.1.3. In order to protect the environment, it is necessary to ensure that landscaping is done on the territory of the power plant. In the absence of landscaping, organize its development and implementation. Monitor the condition of the landscaping.

2.3.1.4. Systematic monitoring should be organized, especially during rains and downpours, of the condition of culverts.

Places for passage of cables, pipes, ventilation ducts through the walls of buildings and structures in

within basements and plinths must be sealed with a waterproofing seal.

Malfunctions identified during the inspection must be eliminated by the production department of the enterprise that operates drainage networks and devices, or by specialized repair organizations involved.

2.3.1.5. The main tasks for organizing the operation of the territory of the energy enterprise directly near buildings, structures and in the adjacent territory are:

ensuring that the blind area is made without cracks or subsidence along the entire perimeter of the building or structure made of waterproof materials. If cracks appear at the junction of asphalt or concrete blind areas (sidewalks) to the walls, the cracks must be cleared and sealed with hot bitumen. If there is significant deformation of the blind area, it must be disassembled and rebuilt;

monitoring the serviceability of external water supply and heat supply networks, preventing their long-term operation with leaks in connections and through cracks in the walls of pipes, fittings and devices;

monitoring the serviceability of external networks of industrial stormwater and domestic sewerage, preventing their clogging, overflowing of control wells and spilling of sewage water throughout the territory.

2.3.2. Buildings and constructions

2.3.2.1. It is necessary to ensure that roofs, all structures and devices for draining atmospheric water from the roofs of industrial buildings and structures are in good condition.

2.3.2.2. Avoid accumulation of debris on roofs and blockages of inlet funnels, gutters and valleys. It is not permitted to temporarily (and especially long-term) store metal parts of equipment, structures, rolled steel elements, parts of lifting and transport machines and mechanisms on roofs without wooden spacers, as well as move parts and materials directly on the roof in any way without devices protecting it.

2.3.2.3. Demand immediate correction of all damage to the roof that occurs during any repair work on the roofs of buildings and structures.

When removing snow or debris from the roof, the use of impact tools is prohibited.

2.3.2.4. Monitor the timely removal of snow from roofs and walls of buildings and structures.

During the snowfall season, periodically check the thickness of the snow cover on the roofs, as well as the presence of ice, and the sources of their appearance in order to prevent emergency overloads of the coatings.

2.3.2.5. Take immediate measures to clear roofs of snow and ice if the load from them could lead to the collapse of the covering.

2.3.2.6. In areas where steam and hot water are released from exhaust pipes on the roofs of the boiler room, provide roof reinforcement.

2.3.2.7. Check the correctness of connections between roofs and walls, parapets, exhaust pipes, ventilation shafts, and water funnels of internal and external drains, and temperature-sediment joints. Check the watertightness of the connections.

2.3.2.8. Periodically check the condition of wooden structures of buildings and structures and ensure conditions for their operation (optimal conditions of humidity, ventilation) and protective measures that protect against the occurrence of biological processes that destroy wood, as well as processes of chemical destruction and fire

2.3.2.9. If cracks are detected in stone, brick, concrete and reinforced concrete structures, observations of their development must be immediately organized using beacons. It is also necessary to conduct systematic observations of structures as a whole.

Diagrams of the location of cracks, dates of installation of beacons and the results of observations of cracks should be entered into the technical inspection logs of buildings and structures.

If cracks increase, take measures to temporarily reinforce structures.

2.3.2.10. A systematic check of the verticality of structures, building elements (walls, columns, overpass supports), chimneys and other building structures must be organized in a time frame coinciding with the measurement of foundation settlements. In case of increasing deviation from the vertical of individual structures or structures, or the appearance of a longitudinal deflection that threatens their stability, it is necessary to involve a specialized organization for examination.

2.3.2.11. Do not allow holes to be punched in supporting structures without written permission from the head of the enterprise.

3. INSPECTION OF THE TECHNICAL CONDITION OF BUILDING STRUCTURES OF INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES

3.1. Visual examination

3.1.1. The visual method of technical inspection of buildings and structures is the main method for performing technical inspections and identifying damage and defects in the building structures of buildings and structures of energy enterprises.

3.1.2. A visual inspection of a technical survey consists of inspecting structures or the object of inspection with an entry in the inspection log about noticed damages and defects, identifying the causes of their occurrence.

3.1.3. The results of visual inspections must be confirmed by measurements of all noticed damage and defects - deviations from the design, general and local deformations (deflections, shifts, curvatures, settlement, openings, length of cracks with probing of their depths, etc.).

3.1.4. In addition to a visual inspection of buildings and structures, the territory of the power plant with all its inherent structures and devices is also subject to a similar inspection.

3.2. Territory

3.2.1. When visually inspecting the territory of a power plant, it is necessary to identify the following violations of the rules of operation of buildings and structures, defects and damage;

storage of materials, reagents, garbage, scrap metal, equipment parts in bulk, release of waste water, steam, oils, fuel oil, spills of alkalis and acids directly at the walls of buildings and structures;

planting trees and shrubs in close proximity to buildings and structures (near walls);

the presence of flower beds, lawns, fountains in the area adjacent to buildings or structures;

all kinds of damage to road surfaces (potholes, subsidence, cracks, washouts, destruction or defects in the installation of curb stones, deformation of road surfaces from tracked vehicles, defects of builders, etc.);

damage to the subgrade of roads and driveways, roadsides, slopes (damage to the turf cover of slopes, landslides, gullies, subsidence, abysses, etc.);

malfunctions of external heating networks);

malfunctions of industrial storm sewerage within the territory of the energy enterprise (involve specialists from the heating supply area and underground communications to inspect);

destruction of structural elements of engineering road structures (overflow pipes, pressure walls, bridges, bridges, drainage ditches, ditches, etc.) within the territory of the power plant, blockages of ditches, ditches, overflow pipes, etc.;

malfunctions of drainage systems of embankments and excavations;

defects and damage to blind areas of buildings, structures and detached supports of structures; cracks, subsidence, reverse slopes, destroyed areas, cracks at junctions.

3.3. Buildings and constructions

In industrial buildings and structures, visual inspections must be carried out primarily on the most vulnerable places, which must be identified for each building and structure. The most vulnerable areas of buildings and structures include:

places where structures meet: joints of panels, walls, coverings, floors, interfaces between walls of buildings of different heights;

coupling of the roof with pipes crossing it, parapet walls, walls of adjacent high-rise rooms, protruding above the roof;

places where communications pass through walls: vapor pipes, exhaust pipes of safety valves;

3.4. Load-bearing reinforced concrete structures

3.4.1. The main task of a full-scale inspection of load-bearing reinforced concrete structures is to determine their technical condition by identifying damage, defects, deformations and the causes of their occurrence. Surveys of this type should include:

determination of defects and deformations, as well as actual physical and mechanical characteristics of materials and structures (concrete, reinforcement, rolled steel, etc.);

determination of the general spatial position, type of structure and compliance with its design;

checking the compliance of actual loads with design ones (their magnitudes and directions);

making engineering decisions on the maximum possible, partial restoration of the load-bearing capacity of structures or their replacement.

3.4.2. A visual inspection should identify structures or areas thereof with visible defects, as well as the most vulnerable structures (those in the most unfavorable operating conditions). The results of visual examinations should reveal whether additional instrumental studies are required and, if necessary, determine their program.

3.4.3. Visual inspection and determination of the technical condition of reinforced concrete structures of buildings and structures should include identification of:

condition of protective coatings (paint and varnish, plaster, thermal insulation, protective screens, etc.);

presence of wet areas and surface efflorescence;

state of strength characteristics of the protective layer;

the presence of cracks and spalls of the protective layer;

violation of the adhesion of reinforcement to concrete;

the presence of corrosion of reinforcement (by control punctures of the protective layer);

the presence of visible defects in concreting structures remaining from the construction period.

3.4.4. If there are wet areas and surface gouges in the concrete, it is necessary to determine the size of these areas and the reason for their appearance.

3.4.5. During inspections, it should be taken into account that the following types of cracks are most often found in reinforced concrete structures:

in columns - vertical on the edges of the columns, horizontal;

in beams and purlins - inclined at the supporting ends, vertical and inclined in the span sections;

in slabs - in the middle part of the slab, directed across the working span with maximum opening on the lower surface of the slab; radial and annular in the middle with possible separation of the protective layer and destruction of the concrete slab; on supporting areas, directed across the working span with maximum opening on the upper surface of the slab.

3.4.6. Detection of cracks and destruction of concrete of load-bearing structures should be done by examining their open surfaces, as well as by selectively removing protective coatings from structures. In this case, it is necessary to determine the position of the cracks, their direction and the amount of opening, which is measured using a magnifying glass. The depth of cracks is determined using special probes.

To determine the degree of stabilization of cracks that do not pose a danger at the time of inspection, observations of them should be organized, for this it is necessary:

install gypsum or cement beacons on all the most characteristic cracks and organize monitoring of their condition;

Mark the boundaries of the observed cracks (beginning and end) with paint and clear, clear lines, and mark the date of observation along these lines;

Observe cracks for 20-30 days. If during this time the beacons turn out to be intact, and the length of the cracks does not increase, then their development should be considered complete;

A sketch of the cracks, their development and the installation of beacons should be included in the technical log for the inspection of building structures.

Vertical cracks on the faces of columns experiencing static loads may appear as a result of excessive bending of the working reinforcement bars. This phenomenon can occur in those columns and their areas where clamps are rarely installed.

The presence of such a reason should be verified by selective openings of the protective layer.

3.4.7. It should be borne in mind that horizontal cracks in reinforced concrete columns do not pose an immediate danger if their width and depth are small, but through such cracks air and moisture can enter the reinforcement and cause corrosion of the metal.

3.4.8. If inclined cracks are detected at the supporting ends of beams and girders, the latter must be classified as structures with insufficient load-bearing capacity along inclined sections, where shear stresses act. Vertical and inclined cracks in the spans of beams and girders also indicate their insufficient load-bearing capacity to absorb a bending moment. To confirm these signs, verification calculations should be performed.

3.4.9. Monolithic slabs with cracks in the supporting sections directed across the working span should be classified as structures with insufficient bearing capacity for bending support moment.

3.4.10. IN reinforced concrete elements In buildings, cracks are often observed, the cause of which is corrosion of the reinforcement from the effects of penetrating moisture from the environment through pores and defects in the protective layer. When corroded, reinforcement bars increase in volume due to the formation of metal oxide crystals on their surface, and this causes cracks to appear in the protective layer of concrete, usually located along the bars. To identify this feature, selective opening of the protective layer is necessary.

3.4.11. It should be borne in mind that during operation, cracks appear at joints and on embedded connections due to shrinkage phenomena in the embedded concrete. The presence of such cracks indicates that the tightness of the solution to the metal is broken, which facilitates access to moisture and air and creates conditions for the process of corrosion of the reinforcement. Such areas of grouted joints should be classified as structures with insufficient concrete density and moisture-permeable structures that require corrosion protection.

3.5. Bearers metal constructions

3.5.1 The main objectives of the inspection of metal structures should be: identification of their general technical condition, the possibility of their further operation, wear patterns in order to be able to develop optimal measures to reduce wear and determine the service life of structures.

3.5.2. When identifying the general condition of metal structures, the following should be determined:

actual dimensions of all elements and connections of structures that are important in assessing their load-bearing capacity;

the quality of materials used in structures and their compliance with project requirements;

defects and damage to elements and their connections.

3.5.3. The main defects and damage to metal structures, which should be identified primarily during field inspections, are:

in welds: defects in the shape of the weld - incompleteness, sharp transitions from the base metal to the deposited metal, sagging, uneven weld width, craters, breaks;

defects in the weld structure - cracks in the seams or near the seam zone, undercuts of the base metal, lack of penetration along the edges and along the cross-section of the seam, slag or gas inclusions or pores;

in rivet joints - notches, displacement from the axis of the rods and small dimensions of the heads, excess or lack of height of countersunk rivets, oblique rivets, cracking or rowan rivets, cutting of metal by crimping, loose filling of holes with the body of the rivet, ovality of holes, displacement of the axes of the rivets from the design position ; mobility of rivets, separation of heads, absence of rivets, loose connection of packages;

in structural elements - deflections of individual elements and the entire structure, helicality of elements, bulging, local deflections, bending of nodal gussets, corrosion of the base metal and metal of the joints, deviations from the vertical, cracks.

3.5.4. Deflections, bends, bulging and similar defects and damage to structural elements and structures in general must be detected visually. Their dimensions are determined using thin wire and a steel ruler. Deviations of structures from the vertical are determined using a theodolite or a plumb line and a steel ruler, and height displacement is determined using a level and a regular rod and steel tape measure.

3.6. Exterior walls

3.6.1. Inspection of the walls of industrial buildings and structures of energy enterprises should be carried out in order to determine their technical condition, identify actual thermal insulation properties and compliance with operational requirements.

3.6.2. When inspecting walls, the following work must be performed:

visual inspection and description of structures and their defects;

sampling and sampling of structural materials and their laboratory studies;

calculations of the temperature and humidity conditions of walls based on survey materials (if in a given building, structure or room there is a violation of thermal parameters against the standards);

3.6.3. During a visual inspection of structures, it is necessary to determine: the type of material and the structural design of the walls (load-bearing, self-supporting or hinged), the type of masonry, the thickness of the joints; for panel walls - the type of panels, the presence of embedded parts, the reliability of their design and constructive solutions fastening to the frame; the condition of sections of walls in the areas where trusses, purlins, beams, floor slabs and coverings are supported on them, their reliability in terms of stability parameters, the condition of sections of walls (piers) adjacent to the openings of windows, doors and gates; condition of sedimentary and expansion joints; condition of protective coatings; the presence of defective areas (local destruction and areas of weathering), cracks, deviations from the vertical, as well as destruction of the textured and protective layer, permeability of seams, corrosion of reinforcement and embedded parts of panels, the presence of efflorescence, condensate streaks, dust, frost, etc., their distribution and reasons for its appearance; the condition of joints and interfaces, frames of window and door openings; type and condition of horizontal and vertical waterproofing of walls, its location in relation to the blind area.

3.6.4. Mandatory check of the condition of protective devices, the malfunction of which causes the destruction of walls, namely:

roof drainage devices (gutters, pipes, eaves overhangs, trays);

sidewalks, drainage trays on sidewalks;

blind area around the perimeter of the building;

protective aprons or parapet coverings;

protruding architectural details;

window sill drains, etc.

In places where the specified protective structures are resolved, the condition of the load-bearing elements of the walls is determined.

3.6.5. When examining walls, it is necessary to take into account the following factors affecting the durability and thermal properties of walls:

the condition of the glazing, the formation of stagnant wastewater near the walls and the violation of the system of floor slopes to the water intake grates of industrial sewerage channels;

insufficient sealing of production equipment, leading to excessive release of steam and moisture;

malfunctions of local and general ventilation devices;

absence or violation of hydro- and vapor barrier of walls in industrial and domestic premises with humid and wet operating conditions.

3.6.6. If there is delamination of the masonry, it is necessary to open the exfoliated layer and measure the depth and area of ​​the delamination. It is necessary to simultaneously identify the main causes of delamination (thermal effects, systematic wetting with liquids - atmospheric, mechanical, etc.).

3.6.7. When cracks are detected in wall structures, it is necessary to determine the nature and type of cracks, the reasons for their appearance, their number, opening width, length and depth.

3.6.8. All wall defects discovered during the inspection (delaminations, masonry, cracks, weathered areas, areas with corrosion of the textured reinforcement layer, panel fastening points significantly affected by corrosion, etc.) are plotted on drawings, which provide textual explanations containing information about identified defects.

3.7. Coatings

3.7.1. A full program of coating inspections should include the following work:

inspection and description of structures and their defects:

instrumental examination of structural elements and their sections;

sampling and samples of materials from structures and their laboratory studies;

calculations of temperature and humidity conditions of coatings based on research data.

The inspection of coatings includes inspection of the load-bearing and enclosing parts.

3.7.2. A visual inspection of the coating (inspection) should be carried out from the roof and from the room. During the inspection it is necessary to determine:

condition of the lower surface of the load-bearing base;

type of material and design of the coating;

type of roof and design of the interface between the roof and load-bearing structures and walls;

design of the roof eaves;

presence and condition of embedded parts and fasteners;

quality and safety of filling joints between panels and piece materials;

condition of sedimentary and expansion joints;

condition of protective coatings;

the presence of defective areas (cracks, holes, deflections), efflorescence, drips, condensation, dust; their distribution and reasons for their appearance.

3.7.3. For roofs made of rolled materials, during inspections it is also necessary to identify:

compliance of the gluing direction with the roof slopes and the design, the presence and condition of the protective layer;

condition of the surface of the insulating layers - dents, air and water bags and mastic drips in the seams;

details of the connection of the roof with protruding elements on the coverings (lantern structures, ventilation shafts, parapets, etc.). At the same time, the magnitude of the rise of the carpet on the vertical wall is determined, areas of cracking of the carpet, sponginess and melting of adhesive mastics, and the reliability of sealing the carpet at junctions are identified;

the condition of the valleys, their siltation, pollution, debris, the presence of slopes towards drainage funnels, the correctness of the latter.

3.7.4. For roofs made of piece materials, it is necessary to additionally take into account:

the magnitude of longitudinal and transverse overlaps and overhang behind the cornice board;

compliance with the standards for the number and placement of fasteners;

adjacencies to parts protruding above the roof;

the presence of aprons at junctions with vertical structures and galvanized steel collars to pipes;

quality of sealing of gaps between the lining of valleys, valleys and the adjacent roof surface;

covering ridges and ribs with shaped parts;

the tightness of the roof elements to the base;

the presence and condition of expansion joints and working passages on the roof.

3.8. Floors

3.8.1. Field inspections of floors should include the following types of work:

identification of operating conditions;

determination of types of coatings and floor structures based on the study of technical documentation or, in its absence, by opening it;

study of the condition of the floors.

3.8.2. Inspect the condition of the floor using visual methods.

With the visual inspection method, it is necessary to record the locations and nature of visible damage (potholes, dents, gullies, holes, holes, cracks, dents, etc.). At the same time, the dimensions of the destroyed areas of the coating, the depth of damage, the condition of junctions of floors with other building structures, pipelines and technological equipment, areas of stagnation of liquids, as well as the causes of defects or deformations are determined. For coatings made of piece materials, the condition of the seams is also visually determined: the degree of filling, loosening and the presence of detachment of the seam of the seam material from the coating and the coating from the underlying layer.

3.9. Translucent fences

3.9.1. The objectives of field surveys of translucent fencing of industrial buildings are:

identification of thermal properties of the light opening design;

identifying the nature of the impact of the external and internal environment on the durability of its elements;

3.9.2. Field inspections of translucent fencing must include the following work:

visual inspection of all elements of the light opening (of the same design characteristics);

sampling of translucent element for laboratory research;

processing the results obtained, assessing the operational properties of the structure and its technical condition;

3.9.3. A visual inspection should reveal visible defects in the design of the light opening, its maintainability, the efficiency of the opening and closing devices (mechanisms), deformations of the metal or wooden frame of the bindings (flexibility and their bending, warping, sagging, loose closure, etc.), quantity broken glass, the presence of ice and the formation of condensation on the surface, the condition of the sealing material; the presence of open gaps (or half-closed) between the window frames and the wall, damage to the ebbs on the outer sashes of the window sashes, incorrect slope of the window sill boards and slopes, damage to the coating of the glass, damage to the sealing mastics in the seams of glass profile structures, or their complete loss, cracks in the elements of glass profiles, defects in supporting rubber galoshes, flexibility or vibration of glass profile elements, etc.

3.10. Foundation and foundations

3.10.1. Field examinations of foundations and foundations in visible areas of the latter (in basements) are periodically necessary as a preventive measure that facilitates timely detection of the initial processes of deformation of foundations and foundations due to uneven settlement or heaving of foundations. These deformations of bases and foundations affect the condition of all other structures of buildings and structures, and therefore protecting them from destruction and timely restoration is one of the main tasks of operation.

3.10.2. When deformations of a sedimentary nature are detected in the structures of the ground part of a building and structure (vertical and inclined cracks in brick or block masonry walls, inclined cracks in wall panels, cracks in elements of reinforced concrete floors and coverings, in crossbars and horizontal frame connections, breaks in metal welds structures, etc.) frequent monitoring of foundation settlement and deformations should be provided with a cycle determined by a specialized organization.

3.10.3. When sedimentary cracks are detected in structures, it is necessary to determine, if possible, the cause of their occurrence, the age of the cracks, measure the opening width and length of the cracks, determine the nature of the vertical opening (increasing opening upward or downward) and the degree of their danger.

3.10.4. Field work materials are entered into a survey journal containing:

a section and plan of each exposed foundation with a reference to the pit on the schematic plan of the building and an indication of all dimensions of the foundation; sketches of details of interfaces of columns with the foundation, foundation beam with foundation, sections of foundation beams, bases of metal columns and anchors;

a detailed description of foundation materials and anti-corrosion protection with a visual assessment of their condition and indicating the places of sampling and testing;

description of detected defects (cracks, crevices, voids, punctures, peelings, delaminations, efflorescence, violations of the connection of concrete components with each other, etc.);

geological columns based on the discovered pit walls with a detailed description of lithological differences and indication of the places where soil and groundwater samples were taken at the level of the base of the foundation.

3.10.5. The results of inspections of foundations and foundations must contain:

a brief description of the objects, engineering-geological and hydrogeological characteristics of the site of the building being surveyed, including geological sections of the site, hydroisohypsum diagrams, data on the direction of movement of groundwater, sources of pollution, inclusions of aggressive components, etc.;

The instructions were developed by______________________________________________/_______________/

MAGAZINE

BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES1

№ ____________________

___

_________________________________ The magazine was started on _____________19 __. graduated _____________19 __	Responsible for maintaining the journal (last name, initials), number and date of the order and assignment order 1) _______________________________________ 2) _______________________________________ 3) _______________________________________
	Date of inspection		Description (if necessary, sketch) of observed defects, deformations and violations of PTETE. Proposed or identified reasons	Intended types of observations and tests. Sketch of testing locations or sampling for testing. Planned activities and deadlines for their implementation to eliminate deformations, defects, violations of technical regulations, performer	Start and end dates of observations or tests (see group 5). Intermediate and final results of observations and tests	The start and end date of the implementation of measures (repair, strengthening, elimination of violations). A note on the completeness and effectiveness of execution. Actual executor

1 To be completed for each building and structure.

MAGAZINE

TECHNICAL INSPECTION OF BUILDING STRUCTURES

BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES

_________________________________________________________________________________

name of the enterprise and its division

________________________________ ________________________________________________

name of the building or structure

	Date of inspection	Name of the room, structure, location (floor, elevation, row, axis, etc.)	Description of defects, damage, deformations, violations of the Rules for the operation of the building, premises and PTETE noted during the inspection and types of equipment repairs in which the violation was committed; types of aggressive influences (leaks, fistulas, spills, shocks, vibrations, etc.)	Measures and deadlines for eliminating defects, damage, deformations, violations of technical regulations. Last name, position of the person responsible for their implementation (date, number of order, order)	Start date of the activity. Notes on the progress of the activity. date of completion	Personal signature (after each entry in the journal) of the person responsible in the department for the inspection of building structures

I affirm:

Director (chief engineer)

_________________________

"___"______________ 19__

general technical inspection of industrial buildings and structures

as of ___________ 19__

Commission consisting of: ______________________________________________________________

surname, initials, position

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

appointed by order of the director ___________________________________________________

Business name

From "__"____________ 19__ No. ________________

in the period from ______________ to ____________ 19 __ carried out a general technical inspection

the following buildings and structures ________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

Business name

_______________________________________________________________________________

enterprises

	Name of the building, structure, building structure and their location (room, axis, rad, mark, etc.)	Brief description of defects and damage to building structures and engineering equipment noted during the inspection that require repair work	Type of work and repairs required (KR - major renovation; TR - current repair; US - gain; AR - emergency repair, etc.)	Estimated repair period (year, quarter, in case of emergency - month, date)	Unit	Approximate volume of main work	Actual amount of main work completed

Signatures of commission members

MAGAZINE

technical inspection of the territory,

__________________________________________________

Name,

________________________________

power plants

Responsible for maintaining a log and inspecting the territory

_______________________________

surname, initials

Started ____________ 19 __

	Date of inspection	Place of inspection (coordinates). Description of observed defects, violations of PTETE requirements and instructions (Part I, section ______________) territories	Alleged causes of defects and violations of territory maintenance	Proposed measures, deadlines for eliminating defects and violations and notes on the progress of measures	Responsible for inspection and journal maintenance (signature)

1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

1.1. This production instruction has been developed in accordance with RD 153-34.0-21.601-98 “Standard instructions for the operation of industrial buildings and structures, part II, p. 1. Maintenance of buildings and structures", "Rules for the technical operation of thermal power plants" (approved by order No. 115 of March 24, 2003), RD 34.21.521-91 "Standard instructions for the technical operation of industrial buildings and structures of energy enterprises, part 1. Organization operation of buildings and structures."

1.2. This instruction establishes requirements for the operation and maintenance of building structures of industrial buildings and structures of an organization during operation.

1.3. This instruction is mandatory for operational personnel and management personnel carrying out operation and technical supervision of operation, as well as maintenance of industrial buildings and structures of Vector LLC.

1.4. Personnel responsible for the operation of buildings and structures must be familiar with this instruction upon signature.

1.5. Industrial buildings and structures must be systematically protected from the destructive effects of atmospheric, climatic and technological factors.

1.6. The distribution of facilities, territory and volumes of technical maintenance of industrial buildings and structures between divisions of the organization with the appointment of responsible persons is determined by order of the head of the organization.

1.7. During the operation, maintenance and repair of industrial buildings and structures, it is prohibited to change their space-planning solutions, as well as to install openings for gates, doors, windows, utility inputs, etc. in the outer walls, or to carry out work to strengthen building structures without project or coordination with the designer or specialized organization.

1.8. When maintaining engineering equipment of buildings and structures, you should be guided by the requirements of the relevant SNiP, GOST,.

2. OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

2.1. Territory

2.1.1. Storage of materials, scrap metal, equipment parts and other things on the territory adjacent to buildings and structures must be carried out in places specially designated for this purpose.

2.1.2. It is prohibited to obstruct passages and passages on the territory, as well as entrances and entrances to buildings.

2.1.3. IN winter time Passages and driveways must be cleared of snow in a timely manner. By the beginning of the flood, the entire drainage network (drainage system, industrial and storm sewerage system) must be inspected by a commission appointed by order of the head of the organization, and measures must be prepared for the passage of flood waters.

2.1.4. In order to protect the foundations of buildings and structures from watering, erosion and settlement of foundations under the influence of ground, atmospheric and process waters, you should:

— ensure the serviceability of blind areas around buildings, timely repair of formed subsidence, potholes and cracks in blind areas and sidewalks;

— do not allow violations of the layout of the territory near buildings and structures, exclude piles or compaction of soil, adding it to the base of buildings or structures;

— systematically clear drains and drainpipes, storm drains (open trays, ditches and drains) from clogging;

— during heavy rains, check the proper operation of drainage devices and eliminate any detected malfunctions.

2.1.5. When performing harvesting or excavation work using graders, bulldozers, scrapers, excavators and other mechanisms, measures should be taken to prevent damage to building bases, foundations of external walls, process pipeline racks, sidewalks, blind areas, drains, wells, etc.

2.1.6. During operation and maintenance of the territory, the following should not be allowed:

— planting trees and shrubs in close proximity to buildings and structures (near the walls);

— the presence of flower beds and lawns near buildings and structures;

— damage to road surfaces (potholes, subsidence, cracks, ruptures, destruction or defects in the installation of curb stones, deformation of the road surface from tracked vehicles, imperfections, etc.);

— damage to the subgrade and driveways, roadsides, slopes (damage to the turf cover of slopes, landslides, gullies, subsidence, abysses, etc.).

2.2. Building foundations

2.2.1. In order to timely detect the initial processes of deformation of foundations and foundations due to uneven settlements or heaving of foundations, it is necessary to periodically conduct field surveys of foundations as preventive measures.

2.2.2. The foundations of industrial buildings and structures must be protected from the occurrence of uneven sedimentary deformations, causing the formation of cracks in them and in the walls. In this regard, it is necessary to comply with a number of requirements:

— excavation of earth when it is necessary to open a pit inside a building at a distance of less than 2 m from the edges of the base of the foundations is allowed only if there is a project developed by a specialized organization;

— it is not allowed to leave open pits or trenches near foundations;

— it is not allowed to leave foundations uncovered for a long period (more than the period for completing the work provided for by the work project) in order to avoid flooding of the foundations with atmospheric or process waters; It is necessary to promptly carry out backfilling and restoration of adjacent areas of the floor and blind area. The pits should be closed using the means provided for by the decision of the design organization or contractor who carried out the work project.

2.2.3. Foundations should be protected from mechanical stress and watering, therefore it is not allowed:

— punching holes, niches, grooves and channels in foundations without a design solution developed by a general designer or a specialized organization;

— dropping loads and parts onto the foundation heads of columns, walls, and equipment protruding above the floor;

— penetration of water into the soil of the base of a building or structure as a result of its drainage from the roof, from the water supply (domestic or technical), steam pipelines, technical communications and equipment. Leaks in these systems must be repaired immediately;

— penetration of water into operated basements or technical undergrounds, special basements, underground fuel supply structures, etc.

2.2.4. Drain channels, trays, and pits must be periodically cleaned of contaminants, and the gratings and slabs covering them must be constantly maintained in good condition.

2.2.5. It is not allowed to clean channels and pits with iron shovels, crowbars and other tools that can damage structural elements. For these works, you should use wooden shovels covered with roofing steel, tin, or plastic.

2.2.6. Backfilling is not allowed plinth parts and walls with soil to prevent them from getting wet and being damaged by freezing.

2.2.7. Bolts securing steel and reinforced concrete columns to foundations must be in good condition and free from bends, cracks, and tears.

2.2.8. To monitor settlements of the foundations of the most critical buildings and structures, geodetic benchmarks must be laid.

2.3. Wall and enclosing structures

2.3.1. During operation and maintenance of wall enclosing structures, it is necessary to eliminate:

- deformations, damage and destruction resulting from improper use of materials (for example, sand-lime brick instead of ordinary red);

— deformations and damage to masonry and wall panel assemblies resulting from uneven settlement of foundations (cracks in masonry, destruction of seams in panels, displacement of support units, etc.);

— local destruction of masonry and wall panels in the eaves and window sill areas, in places where drainage devices are installed;

— violation of the tightness of expansion joints;

— violations of the connections between window and door frames and walls;

— displacements and distortions of wall panels in the plane and out of the plane of the walls;

— air permeability due to destruction of the sealing elements of the joints of wall panels (cement sealing, sealing gaskets, sealing mastics);

— peeling of protective layers in wall panels with exposure and corrosion of reinforcement;

- destruction and peeling of brick and mortar from the outside brick walls;

— corrosion processes of embedded parts, support units and reinforcement of panels, as well as metal window frames, violations of anti-corrosion protection on these elements;

— destruction of the basement part of the walls due to soaking and defrosting, violation of the waterproofing in it.

2.3.2. The facades of buildings should be periodically cleaned of dirt and dust, washed and painted (if there is a surface layer in the form of plaster) while simultaneously restoring the finishing layer, coatings of window sill drains, drainage devices, the outer sides of window sashes, and doors. Keep protruding parts of facades: cornices, corbels, drains, canopies in good condition.

2.3.3. Periodically (once every five years), it is necessary to clear the temperature-sediment joints in the walls from clogging and restore all protective design coatings. Sealing joints with mortar or plastering is not permitted.

2.3.4. Do not allow discharge of waste water not provided for by the design through pipes passed through external walls. As an exception, such a release can be temporarily carried out on the territory of the organization at a distance of at least 3 m from the external walls of buildings and structures, provided that in the places of discharge there are protective concrete or asphalt concrete road surfaces with slopes and drains into industrial storm drains. Discharge of waste water directly onto the blind area is not allowed.

2.3.5. Do not allow snow to accumulate near the walls of buildings and structures in their basements, removing it at a distance of at least 2 m from the walls before the onset of a thaw.

2.3.6. The main operational quality of walls should be the constancy of their strength and heat-insulating properties. The humidity of building materials of external walls of buildings during operation should not exceed the permissible SNiP values.

2.3.7. External walls should be protected from moisture from condensation moisture, for which it is necessary:

- maintain the design heating and ventilation conditions in the premises. It is necessary to regularly ventilate the premises with outside air through window openings with control of the volume of air intake, its humidity and temperature in order to avoid violations of the design regime of the internal air environment. To automatically monitor environmental parameters (temperature, humidity), appropriate control systems are installed;

— air intake for production needs (boilers) should be carried out only from the outside; it is prohibited to take air from the premises of building buildings;

- periodically renew the vapor barrier layer on the surface of the walls as it wears out;

- additionally insulate individual sections of walls moistened by condensation (in corners and at window sills) or install additional heating devices according to projects developed by the general designer or agreed with him;

- ensure constant removal of moisture accumulations in the interframe spaces of window openings.

2.3.8. If wet areas or mold are found on the walls, the causes of their appearance should be identified, eliminated, and the specified areas of the walls should be dried.

2.3.9. In all cases of punching holes in an inlay made of hollow stones, as well as in combined masonry, it is necessary to ensure that the voids in individual (opened) stones are closed and these voids are isolated from external and internal air.

2.3.10. If increasing cracks appear on the outer or inner surfaces of brick, concrete and reinforced concrete walls, as well as peeling of the textured layer or facing ceramic tiles, it is necessary to conduct a thorough examination and immediately install “beacons”. If, according to the indications of the “beacons”, further deformations of the wall fences have stopped and do not cause concern, it is necessary to seal the cracks with mortar.

2.3.11. The location of the cracks, the dates of installation of the “beacons” and the results of observations of the behavior of the cracks should be entered into the technical logs of inspections of buildings and structures.

2.3.12. If you find places with weathered or fallen bricks in the walls of the building, clear these places and seal them again, observing the dressings between the old and new masonry.

2.3.13. It is prohibited to drill (let alone punch) holes in the edges of panels of thin-walled reinforced concrete partitions, or make any other punches with a diameter of more than 50 mm in load-bearing internal walls.

2.4. Windows, gates, doors

2.4.1. Damaged or broken glazing should be replaced immediately with a new one, especially during rainy or winter periods.

2.4.2. When replacing damaged large-sized glass in steel and aluminum stained-glass windows or frames, it is necessary to leave gaps (when cutting glass) between the glass with a rubber seal and the frame to prevent glass destruction.

2.4.3. To strengthen the glass, all cracked putty must be replaced with new one, or glazing beads with a rubber gasket must be installed.

2.4.4. Cleaning of glazing surfaces from contamination should be carried out from the outside and inside with a frequency determined depending on the requirements of the technological process, but at least twice a year.

2.4.5. In winter, cleaning the glazing surface should be done only from the inside.

2.4.6. To seal the internal glazing, it is necessary to ensure the tightness of the sash door by straightening bent or warped elements of the sash and imposts, and sealing the cracks in the blind areas of the sash; restore damaged or cracked glass putty, rubber seal (with replacement of its deformed areas).

2.4.7. Any swing gates in an industrial building or structure in the open position should be secured with special stops to prevent spontaneous closing.

2.4.8. When preparing buildings and structures for winter, you must:

— bring springs, door counterweights, and drive mechanisms for gate closing mechanisms into good condition;

— check and ensure the correctness of the hinges and the tightness of the door and gates;

— ensure heating of entry and entry vestibules and the good condition of heating devices at the gates (thermal curtains) in the absence of vestibules;

- insulate all cracks around the perimeter of the porch of gates and doors.

2.4.9. During the winter period, gates that are not required for the production process should be closed, providing for the constant possibility of quickly and easily opening them in case of emergency (fire, accident). In this case, it is necessary to periodically check the serviceability of the gate opening mechanism, for which purpose regularly perform control opening and closing of them.

2.5. Floor

2.5.1. The designs of floors in industrial premises must correspond to the technological processes occurring in them and withstand the operational impacts characteristic of these technological processes.

2.5.2. When using floors it is not allowed:

- carry out work involving impacts directly on the floor, if this is not provided for in the project. For this work, special places and devices should be provided (workbenches, tables, etc.);

— throw various heavy objects onto the floor, as well as place heavy equipment without pads;

— place containers with cargo on the floor, resting on the floor not on the entire lower plane of the container, but on the legs;

- drag heavy objects across the floor, tied with wire or strip iron that scratches the floor, as well as roll heavy objects directly on the floor without backing boards, beams, etc.;

- use vehicles (trolleys, wheelbarrows) on metal wheels without first laying rolling boards or metal strips on the floor;

- place bulky objects, equipment and inventory in aisles, driveways and corridors, violating their design overall dimensions.

2.6. Combined roof coverings

2.6.1. Structures of enclosing combined coverings are subject to the most severe operating conditions and require proper care and monitoring.

2.6.2. When using coatings, you should constantly take into account that the reliability and durability of the coating depends on:

— timely visual and, if necessary, instrumental examinations;

— timely completion of work to maintain the roofing in good condition;

— compliance of the adopted design solutions for roofing coverings with the requirements of the relevant SNiP and project requirements.

2.6.3. During maintenance and proper care of the combined roofing coverings During operation, it is necessary to prevent the accumulation of snow and dust on the roofs in a layer equal to or exceeding the design standard load in terms of weight. Clean the roof regularly to avoid damage. When cleaning the roof, snow or debris should be cleared evenly from both roof slopes, without collecting snow, dust and debris in a heap.

2.6.4. To eliminate possible overloading of the roof, areas covered with snow and ice should be cleaned periodically, taking precautions to prevent damage to the roofs. For cleaning, use wooden shovels and scraping devices that do not damage the roof. For the same purpose, a layer of snow 5-10 cm thick should be left on the roof. It is prohibited to use metal tools to clean roofs.

2.6.5. Ice and icicles hanging from the canopies must be knocked down in a timely manner using ladders, telescopic car towers and other methods that do not damage the cornices.

2.6.6. Places where work is carried out to clear roofs of snow, icicles and ice must be fenced off below, and the passage for pedestrians and passage for vehicles must be closed with a supervisor posted during the work.

2.6.7. With the onset of spring and at the end of autumn, remove dust, pine needles, leaves and other debris from roofs and water intakes. Sweeping pine needles and leaves into the funnels of internal drains is not allowed.

2.6.8. In the summer, the upper sections of internal drains should be regularly cleaned from the roof with a brush attached to a pole (the diameter of the brush should be equal to the diameter of the drainage pipeline), the lower sections should be cleaned after inspection.

2.6.9. Do not allow people to stay on the roofings, except for cases of cleaning the roof from snow, debris and dirt, performing repair work, inspection work, and technical inspection.

2.6.10. For maintenance, provide convenient exits to the outer surface of the coating. Exits to the roof must be locked at all times, and the keys must be kept by those responsible for the operation of industrial buildings and structures.

2.6.11. Make sure that the renewal of protective layers of rolled or mastic roofs is carried out within the time limits determined by local operating conditions, but not less than every 8 - 10 years.

2.6.12. Steel roofing, gutters, downspouts and other exterior gutter parts should be periodically painted as the old coat of paint wears off, but at least every 5 years. If individual areas of damaged paint are found on the roof, the latter must be painted immediately.

2.7. Floors, work platforms

When operating and maintaining reinforced concrete and metal structures of floors, work platforms, stairs and canopies, the following rules must be observed:

2.7.1. When the floors are moistened due to a disruption in the normal operation of process pipelines, equipment and water supply and sewerage systems, it is necessary to immediately identify and eliminate the causes of watering, remove the layers of the floor composition that have been destroyed by wetting, dry the floor structure, then restore the waterproofing, replace or repair defective pipelines .

2.7.2. When operating work platforms for servicing equipment, window filling, landing areas for cranes, transition platforms and bridges, the following is not allowed:

- store on them Construction Materials, equipment, etc.;

- block the passages and stairs leading to them;

— cut holes or individual structural elements;

2.7.3. Working platforms, bridges, and stairs must be periodically, at least once a month, cleaned of dust, lubricants and debris.

2.7.4. Unused equipment and materials must be removed from sites as soon as possible;

2.7.5. The surface of metal platforms, passages and steps of stairs must be rough, preventing the possibility of slipping.

2.7.6. On a worn surface, it is necessary to restore the roughness as wear occurs by drip welding of metal using electric welding.

2.8. Load-bearing structures of frames of buildings and structures

2.8.1. During operation, it is not allowed to change the structural designs of load-bearing reinforced concrete and metal frames of industrial buildings and structures.

2.8.2. The frame structures of industrial buildings and structures must be protected from overloads. For this purpose, the following should not be allowed without agreement with the design organization:

— suspension, installation, fastening on the frame structures of buildings and structures of technological equipment, pipelines and other devices not provided for by the design;

— accumulations of snow, dust and debris on roofs and primarily in valleys;

— additional temporary load on frame structures from devices and mechanisms used in repair and installation work;

— use of structural elements of buildings and structures as anchors, guys, stops;

- lateral pressure on columns and other frame structures from the storage of materials and products, piles of soil and other bulk materials directly near the walls and columns. Storage of materials and products and dumping of soil should be located no closer than 2 m from structures.

2.8.3. When performing repair work and work related to the reconstruction of load-bearing building structures of frames, it is necessary to protect them from impacts and other mechanical influences.

2.8.4. It should not be allowed to weaken the load-bearing structures of frames by cutting and drilling in elements of trusses, columns, beams and other load-bearing structures without the approval of a design or specialized organization that has a license.

2.8.5. It is not allowed to remove or rearrange horizontal and cross vertical connections between frame columns and roof trusses, cut out braces, racks and other structural elements (trusses, columns, etc.), or create rigid mating elements at hinge points.

2.8.6. Shoes of columns of the frame of buildings and structures, anchor bolts and connections from the top edge of the foundations or from the room level to a height of 0.3 m should be protected from moisture with dense concrete. Contact of the metal supporting parts of the columns and connections between them with soil or bulk fuel is not allowed.

2.8.7. The surfaces of columns and other frame elements must be cleaned of dirt, dust, soot and oil.

2.8.8. The load-bearing building structures of the frames of industrial buildings and structures, especially the condition of the joints of prefabricated reinforced concrete and metal structures, as well as structures that are subject to the influence of the wet conditions of workshops, vibration, dynamic, thermal and variable static loads, need to be systematically monitored and observed.

2.8.9. During the operation of metal frames of buildings and structures, defects discovered, such as non-compliance of the dimensions of welds with the design dimensions, lack of penetration, undercuts, burns and visible significant porosity of the seams, craters, seam separations, hairline cracks, significant corrosion, lack of seams in places determined by the design, cracks in rivets, rattling when tapped, lack of the number of rivets required by the project, anchor bolts, nuts and locknuts and their damage by corrosion, weak tightening of bolted connections, deformation of bolts as a result of mechanical damage, significant weakening (more than 10%) of sections of bolts, structural elements by corrosion, the presence of large gaps between columns and support plates of truss support units with bolted connections and others must be eliminated first.

3. TECHNICAL SUPERVISION OF PRODUCTION BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES

3.1. The person responsible for the operation of buildings and structures is obliged to draw up an annual calendar schedule for current and regular technical inspections of buildings and structures of the subordinate unit.

3.2. Inspections of each building and structure are carried out according to the schedule:

- for boiler houses with an installed capacity of 10 Gcal/h or more - at least once every 4 months. with a service life of more than 15 years;

- for boiler houses with an installed capacity of less than 10 Gcal/h - at least once every 6 months with a service life of more than 10 years.

3.3. Routine inspections of buildings and structures with a service life of up to 15 years may be carried out:

- for boiler houses with an installed capacity of 10 or more Gcal/h - once every 6 months;

- boiler houses with an installed capacity of less than 10 Gcal/h - once a year.

3.4. In boiler houses with an installed capacity of 10 Gcal/hour or more, it is necessary to organize observations of the groundwater level in monitoring piezometer wells at the following intervals:

— in 1 year of operation — at least 1 time per month;

- in subsequent years - depending on changes in groundwater levels, but at least once a quarter.

3.5. All comments identified during inspections and observations are recorded in the workshop journals for the technical inspection of buildings and structures.

3.6. Mandatory inspections of buildings and structures of thermal power plants are carried out 2 times a year (in spring and autumn) by an inspection commission; the composition and timing of the inspection are appointed by the head of the organization.

3.7. Extraordinary inspections of buildings and structures of thermal power plants and networks are carried out after fires, rainstorms, strong winds, snowfalls, floods, earthquakes and other natural phenomena, as well as accidents of buildings, structures and technological equipment of the organization.

3.8. The spring inspection is carried out in order to assess the technical condition of buildings and structures after the snow melts or rains in the autumn-spring period.

3.9. During the spring inspection, the volume of work on routine repairs of buildings and structures carried out in the summer is clarified, and the volume of work on major repairs is identified for inclusion in the next year’s plan and in the long-term plan for repair work (for 3-5 years).

3.10. During the spring technical inspection it is necessary:

- carefully check the load-bearing and enclosing structures of buildings and structures and take measures to eliminate all kinds of holes, cracks and gaps; erosion and damage from melt and process water runoff; collapses of large ice dams; cracks of a large opening and through nature (especially in cornice, balcony and canopy structures); visible deflections and other deformations and damage that threaten the safety of people;

— check the preparedness of the coatings of buildings and structures for summer operation; condition of valleys, their contamination; the condition of structures connecting roofs to vertical walls, pipes and other protruding structures, as well as the condition of roofs on slopes, ridges and overhangs; permeability for storm water of internal drainage risers, receiving funnels; serviceability and stability of lightning rod structures, external drainage structures;

— identify defective areas that require long-term monitoring;

— check the serviceability of mechanisms and opening elements of windows, lanterns, gates, doors and other devices;

— check the condition and take measures to put in order the blind areas and storm drains, as well as the vertical layout of the territory adjacent to buildings and structures.

3.11. The autumn inspection of industrial buildings and structures is carried out 1.5 months before the onset of the heating season in order to check the preparation of buildings and structures for work in winter conditions. By this time, all summer maintenance work and major repair work carried out in the summer period, which is directly related to the winter operation of buildings and structures of thermal power plants, must be completed.

3.12. 15 days before the start of the heating season, a partial inspection is carried out of those parts of buildings and structures for which deficiencies in repair work in preparation for winter were noted during the general autumn inspection, in order to verify their elimination.

3.13. During a technical inspection it is necessary:

- carefully check the load-bearing and enclosing structures of buildings and structures for tightness and take measures to eliminate all kinds of cracks and gaps that have appeared over the summer, creating conditions for cooling the premises in the winter;

— check the preparedness of the coatings of buildings and structures for snow removal and the necessary means (working equipment), as well as the condition of valleys, water intake funnels, risers of internal drains for the passage of melt water;

— check the serviceability and readiness for work in winter conditions: opening elements of windows, lanterns, gates, vestibule doors and other devices;

— check the presence and condition of insulation of network fittings of domestic water supply networks, fire water supply and technical water supply installed in wells, as well as insulation of wells in accordance with the requirements.

3.14. On ground networks, the condition of insulation of water pipes is also checked. Insulating material should be laid in wells on floors arranged at a depth of 0.4-0.5 m from the top of the well cover. The thickness of the layer of insulating material is set depending on its thermal conductivity and local climatic conditions.

3.15. Based on the results of the work of the inspection commission during the spring (autumn) inspection, an act is drawn up, which is approved by the head of the organization with the publication of an administrative document on the results of the inspection, the adoption of necessary measures, the timing of their implementation and those responsible for implementation, as well as:

— significant defects noticed, violations of the technical specifications are given, indicating the approximate physical volumes of repair work, as well as locations of defects, deformations and damage, and during the periods of autumn inspections, also the state of readiness of buildings and structures for operation in winter conditions;

— urgent repair work that is subject to additional inclusion in the current year’s repair plan, and emergency repair work that must be urgently completed are highlighted (in its final part);

— reflects the decisions of the commission to attract experts from competent organizations to examine emergency or pre-emergency conditions of structures and issue an opinion on the necessary work to eliminate these conditions;

— approximate deadlines for completing each type of repair work and performers are outlined (in the final part of the act).

3.16. Building structures of industrial buildings and structures for thermal power plants are subject to technical inspection once every 5 years by a specialized organization according to a list approved by the head of the organization.

3.17. The organization must ensure lightning protection of boiler house buildings and structures. Gas fuel lines must be grounded.

3.18. Installed lightning protection devices are subject to routine inspections, and the most critical lightning protection elements (lightning rods, down conductors, connections, grounding conductors) are subject to periodic monitoring.

3.19. Industrial buildings and structures of boiler houses and heating networks must be kept in good condition, ensuring long-term, reliable use for their intended purpose, taking into account the requirements of sanitary standards and regulations, and labor safety rules.

RUSSIANJOINT STOCKSOCIETYENERGY
ANDELECTRIFICATION « UESRUSSIA»

DEPARTMENTSTRATEGIESDEVELOPMENTANDSCIENTIFICALLY- TECHNICALPOLITICIANS

TYPICALINSTRUCTIONS
BYOPERATION
PRODUCTIONBUILDINGS
ANDSTRUCTURESENERGY ENTERPRISES

PARTII

Chapter 1

Technicalservicebuildings
Andstructures

RD 153-34.0-21.601-98

ORGRES

Moscow 2000

Developed Open joint-stock company "Company for setting up, improving technology and operating power plants and networks of ORGRES"

PerformersV.V. DETKOV, E.N. KOROTAYEVA, V.A. KNYAZEV

Approved Department of Development Strategy and Scientific and Technical Policy of RAO UES of Russia 12/22/98

First Deputy Chief A.P. BERSENEV

TYPICALINSTRUCTIONSBYOPERATIONPRODUCTION BUILDINGSANDSTRUCTURESENERGY ENTERPRISES. PARTII. CHAPTER 1. TECHNICALBUILDING MAINTENANCEANDSTRUCTURES

RD 153-34.0-21.601-98

Put into effect

from 02/01/2000

This “Standard Instructions for the Operation of Industrial Buildings and Structures of Energy Enterprises” establishes the requirements for the maintenance of building structures of industrial buildings and structures of energy enterprises during operation and is intended for operational personnel and managers carrying out technical supervision of the operation and maintenance of industrial buildings and structures of thermal power plants and heating networks.

The requirements of this Standard Instruction are mandatory when drawing up all types of regulatory and technical documents for the operation of industrial buildings and structures, including local instructions.

This Standard Instruction does not cover the issues of maintenance of engineering equipment of industrial buildings and structures.

With the publication of this Standard Instruction, the “Standard Instructions for the Operation of Industrial Buildings and Structures of Energy Enterprises” becomes invalid. Part II. Sec. 1. Maintenance of buildings, structures and engineering equipment: TI 34-70-031-84.” (M.: SPO Soyuztekhenergo, 1985).

1. GENERAL PART

1.1. Industrial buildings and structures of energy enterprises must be systematically protected from the destructive effects of atmospheric, climatic and technological factors.

1.2. At each energy enterprise, systematic maintenance of the building structures of industrial buildings and structures must be carried out; it is necessary to promptly carry out a set of operations to maintain the serviceability and serviceability of them as a whole, their individual parts and structural elements.

1.3. To ensure operational control over the implementation of maintenance work on buildings and structures and their accounting, each energy enterprise must maintain a maintenance log for the operation of industrial buildings and structures of the energy enterprise (Appendix).

1.4. The distribution of facilities, territory and volumes of technical maintenance of industrial buildings and structures between divisions of the energy enterprise with the appointment of responsible persons is determined by order of the head of the energy enterprise.

1.5. For buildings and structures of energy enterprises operating in special conditions different from the conditions taken into account by these Standard Instructions, local instructions are drawn up in accordance with the requirements presented in Appendix.

1.6. During the operation, maintenance and repair of industrial buildings and structures of an energy enterprise, it is prohibited to change their space-planning solutions, as well as to install openings in the external walls for gates, doors, windows, communication inputs, etc., or to carry out work to strengthen building structures without a project or agreement with a general designer or specialized organization.

1.7. Replacement or modernization of technological equipment or a technological process in an industrial building or structure, causing a change in force effects, loads, degree and type of aggressive impact on building structures, should be carried out only according to special projects developed by the general designer or agreed with him.

1.8. Work on dismantling equipment, laying or reconfiguring communications must be coordinated with the design organization. Work must be carried out while ensuring the safety of building structures - without overloading them or causing unacceptable deformations.

1.9. When maintaining engineering equipment of buildings and structures, you should be guided by the requirements of the relevant SNiP, GOST, and instructions.

1.10. The basic requirements for the organization and scope of inspections of building structures of industrial buildings and structures, as well as the basic methods and technology for performing repair and construction work are set out in,.

2. TERRITORY OF THE INDUSTRIAL SITE OF THE ENERGY ENTERPRISE

2.1. The territory of the industrial site of an energy enterprise must be planned with a slope from the building and structure, constantly kept clean and tidy, and be sufficiently illuminated at any time of the day.

2.2. Storage of materials, finished products, production waste, scrap metal, equipment parts and other things on the territory adjacent to buildings and structures must be carried out in places specially designated for this purpose.

2.3. It is prohibited to obstruct passages and passages on the territory, as well as entrances and entrances to buildings.

2.4. In winter, walkways and driveways must be cleared of snow in a timely manner. By the beginning of the flood, the entire drainage network (drainage system, industrial and storm sewerage) must be inspected by a commission appointed by order of the head of the energy enterprise, and measures must be prepared for the passage of flood waters.

In the summer, driveways and passages adjacent to production, administrative and service premises must be watered.

2.5. In order to protect the foundations of buildings and structures and their underground and semi-underground premises from watering, erosion and settlement of foundations under the influence of ground, atmospheric and process waters, the following should be done:

ensure the serviceability of blind areas around buildings, timely repair of formed subsidence, potholes and cracks in blind areas and sidewalks;

do not allow violations of the layout of the territory near buildings and structures, exclude piles or compaction of soil, adding it to the base of buildings or structures;

prevent malfunction of underground technological communications, underground or semi-underground tanks (drainage or trap pits, water storage tanks, oil tanks, fuel oil tanks), promptly eliminate identified leaks;

organize technical supervision over the maintenance of litter networks and drainage of surface and groundwater from the territory in reliable and serviceable condition;

systematically clear drains and drainpipes, storm drains (open trays, ditches and drains) from clogging. The cross-sections of storm drains must correspond to the design values ​​and ensure free flow of water; the lining must not allow them to be washed out;

during heavy rains, check the proper operation of drainage devices and eliminate any detected malfunctions.

2.6. It is necessary to maintain the good condition of the drainage network located at the industrial site, since disruption of its operation can lead to a change in not only the humidity, but also the temperature conditions of the soil.

The condition of closed drains is monitored by monitoring the flow of water in them. If there is a sharp decrease in flow, and even more so if it stops completely, the emergency drainage area is identified by checking the water level in the inspection wells. Violation of normal levels in adjacent inspection wells indicates clogging of the drainage and a decrease in its throughput.

2.7. At least twice a year - by the beginning of the spring melting of snow and autumn rains - industrial storm sewer systems (with wells) should be cleaned; in the spring, before active snow melting, it is necessary to identify all blockages, ensuring the discharge of water into the main collector, and during the period of snow melting, constant monitoring and timely removal of ice deposits must be carried out; in winter, ensure reliable insulation of all external inspection wells, protection of drainage networks from damage, clogging and freezing; Manholes must always be closed (except during inspection and repair periods).

2.8. Near the buildings of water treatment plants (WPU) with the presence of aggressive wastewater or possible leaks and when acids, alkalis and salt solutions get into the soil, it is necessary to provide permanent wells or wells for systematic, at least once a month, sampling of water and soil for chemical testing. analysis in order to determine the degree of aggressiveness of the impact on the soil around the building and structure and the degree of corrosion on the foundations.

When conducting such a check, one should be guided by, ,.

2.9. In the case of a constant increase in the groundwater level, determined by piezometric wells or inspection wells, as well as flooding of underground rooms of buildings and structures, a specialized organization should be involved to develop appropriate technical solutions.

2.10. Excavation work near the drainage network can only be carried out according to a project developed by a specialized organization and agreed with the general designer.

It is mandatory to carry out timely cleaning of drainage systems by flushing them.

2.11. Any excavation work (except for surface leveling) at a distance of 2 m from the edge of the base of the foundations of buildings and structures, as well as surface cutting of the earth around buildings (structures) below the design elevations of the vertical layout and the addition of any temporary buildings are allowed to be carried out only according to a special agreed project.

2.12. When performing excavation work using graders, bulldozers, scrapers, excavators and other mechanisms, measures should be taken to prevent damage to building plinths, external wall foundations, bridge columns, fuel supply overpasses and process pipelines, sidewalks, blind areas, drains, installed geodetic signs, wells, etc.

2.13. Periodically (especially during preparation for operation in winter), you should check for the presence above the surface of the ground of indicators of hidden underground communications of water supply, sewerage and heating, gas pipelines, air pipelines, cables, etc.; check the availability of passage of vehicles and mechanisms to all structures of the energy enterprise, as well as along water supply and discharge channels, water-lifting and enclosing dams and dikes, and underground pipeline routes.

2.14. In addition to roads, all buildings and structures of energy enterprises should be connected to pedestrian roads (paths), interconnected and ensuring the safety of people’s movement, especially at intersections of transport communications.

2.15. Maintenance of roads on the balance sheet of energy enterprises (regardless of their location on the territory of the industrial site or beyond), industrial site driveways, sidewalks, pedestrian paths, all road drainage networks, culverts, bridges and bridges must be entrusted to special road repair teams (units) - construction division of the energy enterprise.

2.16. The roads existing on the territory must always be maintained in proper order, and their ditches must meet their purpose. The collection of surface water by ditches and its removal must be ensured throughout the entire warm period of the year.

In summer, ditches must be inspected regularly and cleared of snow at the beginning of snowmelt.

2.17. The main tasks of maintaining roads, driveways, pedestrian paths, sidewalks, etc. must be:

carrying out (according to schedule) technical inspections of roads, driveways, site areas, all drainages and other engineering structures (pipes, bridges, bridges), sidewalks, pedestrian paths and blind areas with their artificial surfaces;

identification during technical inspections of defects in road pavement, shoulders, slopes, as well as road engineering structures;

elimination of identified defects.

2.18. During operation and maintenance of the territory, the following should not be allowed:

planting trees and shrubs in close proximity to buildings and structures (near walls);

the presence of flower beds, lawns, fountains near buildings and structures;

damage to road surfaces (potholes, subsidence, cracks, tears, destruction or defects in the installation of curb stones, deformation of the road surface from tracked vehicles, imperfections, etc.);

damage to the subgrade and driveways, roadsides, slopes (damage to the turf cover of slopes, landslides, gullies, subsidence, abysses, etc.);

damage to trees, shrubs, lawns, flower beds and flower beds by vehicles and other vehicles, as well as harmful runoff;

defects and damage to small architectural and sculptural decorations, paths, benches, sports grounds, visual propaganda and information in recreation areas.

3. FOUNDATIONS AND BASEMENTS

3.1. In order to timely detect the initial processes of deformation of foundations and foundations due to uneven settlements or heaving of foundations, it is necessary to periodically conduct field surveys of foundations as preventive measures.

3.2. If, during operation, deformations of a sedimentary nature are detected in the structures of the above-ground part of a building or structure (vertical and inclined cracks in wall panels, cracks in elements of reinforced concrete floors and coverings, in crossbars and horizontal frame connections, breaks in welds of metal structures, etc. ) more frequent monitoring of foundation settlement and deformations should be provided with a cycle determined by a specialized organization.

3.3. The foundations of industrial buildings and structures must be protected from the occurrence of uneven sedimentary deformations, causing the formation of cracks in them and in the walls. In this regard, it is necessary to comply with a number of requirements:

3.3.1. Excavation of earth when it is necessary to open a pit inside a building at a distance of less than 2 m from the edges of the base of the foundations in order to increase the height of the basement is allowed only if there is a project developed by a specialized organization.

3.3.2. It is not allowed to leave open pits or trenches near foundations.

3.3.3. It is not allowed to leave foundations uncovered for a long period (more than the period for completing the work provided for by the work project) in order to avoid flooding of the foundations with atmospheric or process waters; It is necessary to promptly carry out backfilling and restoration of adjacent areas of the floor and blind area. The pits should be closed using the means provided for by the decision of the design organization or contractor who carried out the work project.

3.3.4. It is not allowed to store materials and products on the floor of the first floor or on ceilings near the walls or columns of a building or structure in excess of the load established by the project, as this causes overload of the foundations or foundation soils.

3.3.5. Foundations should be protected from mechanical stress and watering, therefore it is not allowed:

punching holes, niches, grooves and channels in foundations and walls of basements or technical undergrounds without a design solution developed by a general designer or a specialized organization;

dropping loads and parts onto the foundation heads of columns, walls, and equipment protruding above the floor;

penetration of water into the foundation soils of a building or structure as a result of its drainage from the roof, water supply (domestic or technical), steam pipelines, technical communications and equipment. Leaks in these systems must be repaired immediately;

penetration of water into operated basements or technical undergrounds, special basements, underground fuel supply structures, etc.

3.4. In production buildings where liquid accumulation on the floors is systematically observed, it is necessary to ensure that the waterproofing of the floors is in good condition, especially in the junctions of the waterproofing with the walls and columns, and the liquid is systematically removed from the floor, as well as check and ensure the good condition of the waterproofing of the drainage channels.

3.5. In cases of flooding of premises, the cause should be established and eliminated, then the water should be pumped out, floors, walls and other building structures should be cleaned, they should be dried and the premises should be ventilated.

The pumping method used should not cause erosion and subsidence of the foundation soil. The pumping method in case of flooding must be agreed in advance with the engineering and geological service of the area where the energy enterprise is located; work related to pumping must be under the control of the energy enterprise or a specialized organization dealing with foundations and foundations.

3.6. In order to prevent flooding of basements with groundwater, measures should be taken in advance to check the serviceability of the drainage system around the building and, if necessary, correct it, as well as correct the waterproofing of the walls and floor of the basement.

3.7. It is necessary to systematically check and, if necessary, eliminate malfunctions and damage to storm drains, blind areas and sidewalks around the building to timely prevent flooding of basements with surface water.

Signs of possible surface water flooding include signs of water seepage on walls and ceilings above the water table noted in nearby piezometric wells.

3.8. If basement flooding is caused by a faulty pipeline, it should be shut off and repaired immediately.

3.9. Basements in the summer are subject to regular (or constant) ventilation.

3.10. Drain channels, trays, and pits must be periodically cleaned of contaminants, and the gratings and slabs covering them must be constantly maintained in good condition.

3.11. It is not allowed to clean channels and pits with iron shovels, crowbars and other tools that can damage structural elements. For these works, you should use wooden shovels covered with roofing steel, tin, or plastic.

3.12. It is not allowed to fill the basement parts and walls with soil to avoid their wetting and destruction by freezing.

3.13. Direct exposure of unprotected concrete and reinforced concrete foundations to lubricating oils, as well as aggressive waters and liquids, is not allowed.

3.14. Bolts securing steel and reinforced concrete columns to foundations must be in good condition and free from bends, cracks, and tears.

3.15. Free access to inspection wells of underground communications must be ensured. It is prohibited to fill them with foreign objects.

3.16. Overloading of retaining walls and walls of underground rooms and galleries is not allowed.

3.17. To monitor settlements of the foundations of the most critical buildings and structures, geodetic benchmarks must be laid.

4. WALL ENCLOSING STRUCTURES

4.1. In the practice of operating industrial buildings and structures of energy enterprises, defects and damage to wall fencing are observed, which impair their performance and require timely elimination in order to reduce in the future the more significant costs of work to strengthen and restore the load-bearing capacity and tightness of external walls.

Explicit and hidden defects wall fencing, developing over time, can cause serious weakening of load-bearing structures and cause accidents in buildings and structures.

Timely strengthening and restoration of the load-bearing capacity and tightness of walls is an effective means of extending the period of normal operation and preventing accidents.

4.2. To correctly select and implement the most optimal option for strengthening or restoration, a qualified examination is necessary.

4.3. During operation and maintenance of wall enclosing structures, it is necessary to eliminate:

deformations, damage and destruction resulting from improper use of materials (for example, sand-lime brick instead of ordinary red);

deformations and damage to the masonry and wall panel assemblies resulting from uneven settlement of the foundations (cracks in the masonry, destruction of seams in the panels, displacement of support units, etc.);

deformations and damage resulting from the influence of thermal influences, especially in the walls of the main buildings of thermal power plants (cracks in the masonry along the axes of columns, spalling and destruction of vertical seams in panel joints, chipped bricks, spalling of mortar and other damage under the supports of beams, trusses, girders, jumpers, etc.);

local destruction of masonry and wall panels on eaves and window sills, in places where drainage devices are installed;

violations of the tightness of expansion joints;

violation of connections between window and door frames and walls;

displacements and distortions of wall panels in the plane and out of the plane of the walls;

air permeability due to destruction of the sealing elements of the joints of wall panels (cement sealing, sealing gaskets, sealing mastics);

peeling of protective layers in wall panels with exposure and corrosion of reinforcement;

destruction and peeling of brick and mortar from the outside of brick walls;

corrosion processes of embedded parts, support units and reinforcement of panels, as well as metal window frames, violations of anti-corrosion protection on these elements;

destruction of the basement part of the walls due to soaking and defrosting, violation of the waterproofing in it.

4.4. If there are signs of unsatisfactory temperature and humidity conditions of enclosing structures (increased air humidity in the premises, local steam and destruction of walls from the outside in winter, massive swelling of the carpet on the roof, etc.), instrumental (including laboratory) checks of moisture accumulation in the building should be ordered. materials and environmental aggressiveness.

Sampling for analysis of the moisture content of materials should be carried out from areas with different temperature and humidity conditions of rooms and different fencing designs.

The simplest and most reliable way to determine humidity is the gravimetric method using the formula

Where W - material humidity, %;

R 1 - mass of raw material sample, g;

R 2 - mass of dried (to constant weight) sample at a temperature of 105 °C, g.

4.5. When monitoring the safety of wall enclosing structures, you must:

4.5.1. The facades of buildings should be periodically cleaned of dirt and dust, washed and painted (if there is a surface layer in the form of plaster) while simultaneously restoring the finishing layer, coatings of window sill drains, drainage devices, the outer sides of window sashes, and doors. Keep protruding parts of facades: cornices, corbels, drains, canopies in good condition.

4.5.2. The outer walls of buildings on the premises side should be periodically cleaned of dirt. For each individual room of an industrial building or structure, calendar periods for cleaning the walls must be established depending on the degree of contamination during the production process and the requirements for cleanliness of the room according to the conditions of the technological process and fire safety.

4.5.3. Periodically (once every five years) clean the temperature-sediment joints in the walls from clogging and restore all protective design coatings. Sealing joints with mortar or plastering is not permitted.

4.5.4. Do not allow the discharge of waste water and steam not provided for by the design through pipes passed through the external walls.

As an exception, such a release can be temporarily carried out on the territory of an energy enterprise at a distance of at least 3 m from the external walls of buildings and structures, provided that there are protective concrete or asphalt concrete road surfaces with slopes and drains into industrial storm sewers at the discharge sites. The release of waste water and steam directly onto the blind area is not allowed.

4.5.5. Do not allow snow to accumulate near the walls of buildings and structures in their basements, removing it at a distance of at least 2 m from the walls before the onset of a thaw.

4.6. The main operational quality of walls should be the constancy of their strength and heat-insulating properties. External wall enclosures must not accumulate moisture for one year. The humidity of building materials of external walls of buildings during operation should not exceed the permissible SNiP values.

Walls must meet the following requirements:

static- the walls must be sufficiently strong and stable when exposed to design forces and loads, and also meet fire resistance requirements;

thermotechnical- external walls must provide the temperature and humidity conditions required for sanitary conditions in the enclosed room.

4.7. External walls should be protected from moisture from condensation moisture, for which it is necessary:

4.7.1. Maintain the design heating and ventilation conditions in the premises. It is necessary to regularly ventilate the premises with outside air through window openings with control of the volume of air intake, its humidity and temperature in order to avoid violations of the design regime of the internal air environment. To automatically monitor environmental parameters (temperature, humidity), appropriate control systems are installed.

4.7.2. Air intake for production needs (boilers) should be carried out only from outside; it is prohibited to take air from the premises of building buildings.

4.7.3. Avoid placing bulky equipment in the premises that impedes the free circulation of air near the walls, as well as storing industrial waste (slag, ash, shavings) and powdered chemical reagents (in the form of salt crystals, bulk, astringents) indoors or outside, directly against the outer walls. and etc.). All such waste must have special places for temporary storage (sites, containers, chests), and for chemical reagents - special cells or premises provided for by the project.

4.7.4. Periodically renew the vapor barrier layer on the surface of the walls as it wears out.

4.7.5. Additionally, insulate individual sections of walls moistened by condensation (in corners and at window sills) or install additional heating devices according to projects developed by the general designer or agreed with him.

4.7.6. Ensure constant removal of moisture accumulations in the interframe spaces of window openings.

In case of systematic accumulation of condensate, take measures to drain moisture into storm drains by installing appropriate drainage devices.

4.8. If wet areas or mold are found on the walls, the causes of their appearance should be identified, eliminated, and the specified areas of the walls should be dried.

The most common reasons for damp walls include:

construction or condensation moisture;

damage to technological, water supply or industrial and storm sewer underground, overhead or adjacent sections of networks and their devices;

Wetting associated with the operation of technological equipment.

4.9. To reduce the drying time of moistened walls, artificial drying of the walls should be used using additional heating or heating devices or devices. Drying the walls should be done based on the following conditions:

4.9.1. When using convective-type heating devices, the heated air near the surface to be dried should, as a rule, have a temperature no higher than 50 - 55 °C.

4.9.2. When using radiation-type heating devices on heating surfaces, the temperature should be maintained at 65 - 70 °C.

4.9.3. Heating and heating devices of the convective type should be used primarily for general drying of rooms, and of the radiation type - for drying individual sections of walls.

4.9.4. During the drying process, moisture must be removed from the premises using existing ventilation systems.

4.10. Increased wall moisture caused by surface or groundwater should be eliminated by:

development and implementation of a special project to combat the wetting of walls by groundwater;

streamlining the drainage of surface atmospheric water (repairing or widening the blind area, repairing gutters, etc.);

replacing failed waterproofing;

additional waterproofing devices;

laying new or additional drainage;

drying walls using passive or active electroosmotic drying;

maintaining in good condition the roof, drainpipes, funnels, gutters, coverings of external ebbs of window openings, cornices, parapets, protruding wall belts.

4.11. It is necessary in all cases to eliminate increased moisture in walls caused by damage to technological equipment by:

timely elimination of any sources of moisture;

replacing weakened by systematic waterlogging wall material new.

4.12. Do not allow, without agreement with the general designer or a specialized organization:

changes in the thermal characteristics of walls moistened by condensate by installing external or internal plaster, increasing the insulation layer or other changes in the design of the walls adopted in the project; to correctly resolve such issues, calculations are required;

punching holes in walls, creating additional openings for windows, doors and gates, adding walls, rearranging and dismantling walls and partitions without appropriate calculations and drawings, as well as punching continuous grooves or channels more than 60 mm deep in stone walls with a thickness of less than 380 mm , with thicker walls, the depth of the channel should not exceed 1/3 of the wall thickness.

4.13. In all cases of punching holes in masonry made of hollow stones, as well as in combined masonry, it is necessary to ensure that the voids in individual (exposed) stones are closed and these voids are isolated from external and internal air.

4.14. If increasing cracks appear on the outer or inner surfaces of brick, concrete and reinforced concrete walls, as well as peeling of the textured layer or facing ceramic tiles, it is necessary to conduct a thorough examination and immediately install “beacons”. If, according to the indications of the “beacons”, further deformations of the wall fences have stopped and do not cause concern, it is necessary to seal the cracks with mortar.

The location of the cracks, the dates of installation of the “beacons” and the results of observations of the behavior of the cracks should be entered into the technical logs of inspections of buildings and structures.

If you find places with weathered or fallen bricks in the walls of the building, clear these places and seal them again, observing the dressings between the old and new masonry.

4.15. When maintaining walls made of large-sized panels, you must:

ensure reliable fastening of panels to the building frame and protection of embedded parts from corrosion by painting;

ensure reliable sealing of panel joints.

4.16. The facade and internal surfaces of aluminum (metal) enclosing structures and window sashes that have a decorative or protective coating must meet the following requirements:

4.16.1. Enclosing structures should be systematically, at least once a year (in early spring), cleaned of dust and other contaminants.

4.16.2. When dry and wet cleaning of enclosing structures, it is not allowed to use chalk, sand, grated brick, soap containing free alkali, rough fabrics and other materials that can damage the surface of aluminum (metal) structures.

4.16.3. Enclosing structures should, as a rule, be wiped with soft cloths or sponges soaked in a solution of mild soap that does not contain free alkali, or in a solution of special detergents, and also wrung out.

4.16.4. Surfaces of structures covered with hard-to-remove dust or dirt should be cleaned with a neutral aqueous soap solution heated to a temperature of 50 - 60 °C. After removing dirt, the entire surface should be wiped with a solution of mild soap or a solution of special detergents; internal surfaces - with soft cotton rags or a vacuum cleaner with hair brush attachments.

4.16.5. Cleaning and elimination of minor faults in enclosing structures, window frames and glazing should be carried out from cradles moving along the facade of the building along special guides using vehicles with retractable telescopic platforms or other similar devices with a folding cranked mast structure, and indoors - from stairs and service platforms.

4.17. Translucent enclosing structures and window openings made of glass block and glass profiles must:

4.17.1. Systematically (according to schedule) clean from dust and dirt with water and synthetic detergents.

The frequency of cleaning depends on the specific dust conditions of the environment, but should not be less than twice a year. For cleaning, brushes with soft synthetic fiber, rubber or foam sponges should be used.

Extension ladders used in this case, resting their upper ends on glass blocks or on glass profile elements, must have the ends wrapped in soft material (rubber, foam rubber, durable fabric with a cotton lining, etc.).

4.17.2. Temporary or permanent heating devices and other heat sources with temperatures above 70 °C should be placed at a distance of at least 250 mm from the surface of glass block or profile glass fencing.

4.17.3. Elements of enclosing structures made of sheet or profile glass that have cracks, as well as broken glass blocks or glass blocks with significant cracks must be replaced. Glass blocks with small cracks may be left in the fence, but their condition must be monitored. Before carrying out repair work to replace damaged elements, it is necessary to fence off the dangerous area for safety reasons.

4.18. The regulations for the maintenance of windows, gates, doors and skylights of industrial buildings and structures are set out in Section. of this Standard Instruction.

4.19. Plastered wooden surfaces of internal walls and partitions, painted with synthetic paints that are chemically resistant to alkalis, should be cleaned of contamination with warm soapy water, followed by rinsing cold water. When washing, you can use a brush, brushes, sponges and rags.

4.20. It is prohibited to drill (let alone punch) holes in the edges of panels of thin-walled reinforced concrete partitions, or make any other punches with a diameter of more than 50 mm in load-bearing internal walls.

5. WINDOWS, GATES, DOORS AND LIGHTS

5.1. Damaged or broken glazing should be replaced immediately with a new one, especially during rainy or winter periods.

5.2. When replacing damaged large-sized glass in steel and aluminum stained-glass windows or frames, it is necessary to leave gaps (when cutting glass) between the glass with a rubber seal and the frame to prevent glass destruction.

5.3. To strengthen the glass, all cracked putty must be replaced with new one, or glazing beads with a rubber gasket must be installed.

5.4. Boxes, bindings, imposts, as well as bindings of skylights, and in service engineering and administrative buildings or individual premises and window sill boards (except for boards with a factory finish that does not require painting) should be systematically painted with the selection of protective paint coatings that take into account the degree of exposure to external and internal aggressive environment.

The timing of repainting is set depending on the composition of the paint used and the degree of aggressiveness of the factors acting on it.

Local paint damage should be corrected during periods of stable positive outside temperatures.

5.5. In rooms with high air humidity (60% or more), it is necessary to regularly renew the anti-corrosion and vapor barrier protection of the seams between glass blocks and the frames of glass-reinforced concrete panels on the inside of the premises (cabin rooms, etc.).

5.6. Cleaning of glazing surfaces from contamination should be carried out from the outside and inside with a frequency determined depending on the requirements of the technological process, but at least twice a year.

In winter, cleaning the glazing surface should be done only from the inside.

Washing glazing with solvents that are aggressive to paint or materials of lanterns and fillings of window and lantern openings is not allowed.

5.7. After heavy snowfall ends, skylight glazing should be cleaned immediately. Snow must be removed, usually with wooden scrapers and brooms; The use of the thermal method is allowed.

The use of a thermal method for removing snow from the surface of glass-reinforced concrete panels of lanterns and window openings is not allowed.

5.8. To reduce the amount of condensation that settles on the glazing of windows and skylights during severe frosts, it is necessary (with double glazing) to seal the interglazed space on the room side and ensure natural ventilation of the interglazed space with outside air.

5.9. To seal the internal glazing, it is necessary to ensure the tightness of the sash door by straightening bent or warped elements of the sash and imposts, and sealing the cracks in the blind areas of the sash; restore damaged or cracked glass putty, rubber seal (with replacement of its deformed areas).

The tightness of glazing and sash elements must be ensured by timely (as wear and tear) replacement of sealing and sealing materials and products, as well as by providing the necessary pressing force along the perimeter of the sash with closing mechanisms, the serviceability of which is checked at least twice a year (if necessary they are being adjusted).

5.10. Manual opening of lantern transoms must be done simultaneously from both ends and in the middle to avoid their deflection and deformation of the glazing. It is prohibited to rest transoms on wooden supports. For these purposes, stop hooks with round steel locking loops should be made at the ends of the transom and in the middle.

Mechanisms for opening transoms of lanterns and window sashes must be subject to technical inspection at least twice a year - during the period of preparing buildings for winter and at the beginning of spring.

5.11. Holes or cutouts for water drainage on the outside of the lower part of the window frame, as well as the external window sill, must be periodically cleaned of snow, dirt and dust.

5.12. In workshops with excessive heat generation, and in the southern regions of the country - in all workshops with the onset of spring, measures should be taken to eliminate excess heat generation (in excess of the calculated one) using natural and forced means of ventilation.

5.13. During the period of preparation of the energy enterprise for the autumn-winter peak, it is necessary to wash the glass of the summer and winter frames, tighten the summer and winter frames to the frames using window latches, put the removable winter frames in place and secure them with screws, seal the gaps between the winter frames and the quarters of the window frames.

5.14. Window sashes on staircases must be tightly closed and fully glazed. Blind translucent window openings made of glass blocks and glass profile fillings must be sealed as much as possible in the planes of horizontal and vertical joints with reliable mastics both from the outside and from the inside. Particular attention should be paid to sealing the upper and lower support assemblies.

5.15. Any swing gates in an industrial building or structure in the open position should be secured with special stops to prevent spontaneous closing.

5.16. When preparing buildings and structures for winter, you must:

bring springs, door counterweights, and drive mechanisms for gate closing mechanisms into good condition;

check and ensure the correctness of the hinges and tightness of the doors and gates;

ensure heating of entrance and entrance vestibules and the good condition of heating devices at the gates (thermal curtains) in the absence of vestibules;

insulate all cracks around the perimeter of the porch of gates and doors.

5.17. During the winter period, gates that are not required for the production process should be closed, providing for the constant possibility of quickly and easily opening them in case of emergency (fire, accident). In this case, it is necessary to periodically check the serviceability of the gate opening mechanism, for which purpose regularly perform control opening and closing of them.

5.18. Double-leaf doors that open in one direction should generally open on one floor during normal use. In this case, the second floor should be closed only with a hook or latch.

5.19. Painted doors should be washed with warm water without soap and soda.

Doors should be repainted after two to three years.

6. FLOORS

6.1. The designs of floors in industrial premises must correspond to the technological processes occurring in them and withstand the operational impacts characteristic of these technological processes. When changing technological processes, increasing the carrying capacity of vehicles or reconstructing an enterprise, the issue of the suitability of the floor under new operating conditions or the need to replace or strengthen it should be resolved with the involvement of a specialized organization.

6.2. When using floors it is not allowed:

exceeding the maximum temporary loads on floors. For this purpose, in clearly visible places, indicators of the maximum permissible load values ​​on floors for individual zones should be installed and constantly maintained;

Exceeding the permissible speeds of intra-shop transport and its sudden braking. Warning notices about this should be made in the workshops and on the territory of the enterprise;

carry out work involving impacts directly on the floor, if this is not provided for in the project. For this work, special places and devices should be provided (workbenches, tables, etc.);

throw various heavy objects onto the floor, as well as place heavy equipment without pads;

place containers with cargo on the floor, resting on the floor not on the entire lower plane of the container, but on the legs;

drag heavy objects across the floor tied with wire or strip iron that scratch the floor, as well as roll heavy objects directly on the floor without backing boards, beams, etc.;

use vehicles (carts, wheelbarrows) on metal wheels without first laying rolling boards or metal strips on the floor;

place bulky objects, equipment and inventory in aisles, driveways and corridors, violating their design overall dimensions.

6.3. It is necessary to ensure that rail transport tracks in industrial buildings and structures are regularly straightened and repaired in order to avoid the transfer of dynamic impacts to the floors during traffic movement.

6.4. Unloading, loading and storage of materials and equipment parts should be carried out only in the areas provided for by the project.

6.5. It is necessary to apply markings and marks on clean floors, reflecting the overall dimensions of driveways and repair areas, indicating permissible loads.

6.6. To protect floors from destruction, it is necessary to protect them, in accordance with the requirements, from the following influences:

shock loads - floors with coatings made of ceramic tiles, hardened cast slabs, mosaic slabs, parquet and polymer materials;

temperatures above 50 °C - floors with coatings made of wood or polymer materials, asphalt concrete or xylolite;

temperatures above 70 °C - floors made of piece materials laid on bitumen or tar mastic;

temperatures above 100 °C - concrete or cement-sand floors, as well as floors made of piece materials (clinker bricks, paving stones, concrete or ceramic slabs, cast stone or cast iron slabs), laid over a layer of cement-sand mortar on liquid glass;

acidic solutions of any concentration - concrete, cement-sand, mosaic floors, made of metal materials, end blocks and asphalt, if it contains limestone;

acidic solutions with a concentration of over 20% - floors made of acid-resistant asphalt;

strong oxidizing agents (sulfuric, nitric, hydrochloric acids, etc.) - floors made of organic materials;

alkaline solutions - floors made of concrete (including acid-resistant) or made of piece chemically resistant materials laid over a solution of liquid glass;

organic solvents - floors made of piece or sheet synthetic materials (polyvinyl chloride linoleum and plastic compound, coumaron tiles, tiles based on polyvinyl acetate dispersion), rubber, relin, ebonite tiles, bitumen concrete or asphalt, as well as from piece materials laid on bitumen or tar mastics;

mineral oils - floors made of asphalt, as well as from piece materials laid on bitumen mastics.

6.7. In industrial buildings with liquid aggressive technological corrosive environments - VPU, integrated auxiliary buildings (HVAC), signs should be posted in visible places indicating the features of the operation of floors and ceilings, methods of neutralizing possible or inevitable spills of aggressive liquids on the floors in a given room and cleaning the floors. It should be taken into account that the zone of influence of liquids due to their transfer on the soles of shoes and vehicle tires extends in all directions (including adjacent rooms) from the place where the floor is wetted:

water and aqueous solutions - 20 m;

substances of organic and animal origin - 30 m;

mineral oils and emulsions - 100 m.

Depending on the data provided, means of eliminating floor contamination and areas of application of these means should be determined. The floor cleaning method must meet sanitary and hygienic conditions, technological process requirements and fire safety rules, as well as comply with the chemical composition of contaminants, materials and floor structures.

6.8. If aggressive liquids that the floor is not designed to withstand come into contact with the floor, it is necessary to immediately neutralize it and clean it.

6.9. At each energy enterprise, for each industrial building and structure or group of buildings and structures, local instructions for the operation of floors, ceilings and platforms must be drawn up, indicating the maximum loads and accepted methods for neutralizing and cleaning up spilled liquids with an aggressive effect that can get on the floors, taking into account the properties materials and structures of floors, ceilings, etc.

6.10. Particular attention should be paid to floor slopes in areas of expansion joints. The direction of the slopes in such places should be away from the expansion joints. Where this is not done during the construction of the building (structure), the elimination of this defect must be provided for and carried out during the repair period.

6.11. In buildings with aggressive production liquids and environments (reagent facilities of the water treatment plant, HVAC, ash rooms, boiler rooms, areas around slag baths, in slag pumping rooms, areas around water discharge pits, floors in the pits of acid tanks, areas of possible spillage of boiler flushing water and cleaning water drains, steam and water heaters, etc.) chemical analyzes of spilled liquids and gas-air environment should be carried out, as well as more frequent technical inspections of building structures.

The results of inspections and analyzes should be recorded in technical inspection logs of building structures of industrial buildings and structures; based on them, the degree of aggressiveness of the environment and its acceptability under operating conditions should be assessed, comparing with design parameters and taking neutralization and protection measures.

6.12. If the energy enterprise does not have operating systems for centralized pneumatic dust collection or hydraulic dust washing in rooms where large amounts of dust, metal shavings and sawdust are released, floors should be swept and wiped only after they have been pre-wetted.

6.13. Floor structures in rooms where hydraulic flushing of dust and dirt is used must have proper waterproofing.

6.14. In ash rooms of boiler rooms, pump rooms, scrubber rooms, domestic, condensate and technical basements or rooms with steam pipelines and hot and cold water pipelines, at service areas of the main boiler and turbine equipment of thermal power plants, floors should be washed with water.

6.15. All floor maintenance work (cleaning, dust removal, treatment with neutralizing agents, washing, etc.) must be carried out within the time limits established depending on the purpose of the premises, the nature of their operation, the design and material of the floor, as well as taking into account the recommendations of the floor cleaning regulations .

6.16. The regulations and method of cleaning floors, depending on the design of the floor and the material from which it is made, are as follows:

6.16.1. Clean concrete, monolithic mosaic, cement-sand floors at least once a shift - sprinkle with wet sawdust and sweep; Wash with hot water with brushes and wipe at least once a decade. Stains on such floors should be cleaned with ammonia water (ammonia).

6.16.2. Asphalt floors should be swept or vacuumed at least once per shift and washed with cold or warm water at least once every ten days.

6.16.3. Floors made of metlakh tiles should be cleaned at least once per shift with nylon brushes, wetting the floors with hot water; remove oils and emulsions by sprinkling the floor with dry sawdust, sweeping and wiping.

6.16.4. Ceramic tile floors should be washed at least once per shift with cold or warm water, and oils and emulsions should be removed by sweeping with dry sawdust.

6.16.5. Floors made of polyvinyl acetate or polymer cement mastics should, as a rule, be cleaned with a vacuum cleaner or wiping with a damp cloth at least once or twice a week.

6.16.6. Floors made of linoleum and PVC tiles must be wiped daily with a damp cloth, and then dry and rubbed with wax mastic.

6.16.7. The polyvinyl chloride baseboard should be cleaned of dirt at the same time as cleaning the floor in the same way as linoleum.

6.16.8. Relin floors should be wiped with a damp cloth daily.

6.16.9. Parquet floors should be wiped two to three times a week (depending on the intensity of contamination of the floors in the room), first with damp, then with dry rags.

It is allowed to wash parquet floors (as an exception) only before polishing or in case of heavy contamination with appropriate drying.

6.16.10. Parquet floors must be rubbed with a special mastic at least once a month.

When fixing the riveting of parquet floors with bitumen mastic, rubbing the floors with turpentine mastic is not allowed. In this case, aqueous or other mastics that do not dissolve the bitumen layer should be used.

6.16.11. Wooden (plank) floors should be washed with hot water and soda once or twice a week (depending on the intensity of the floor contamination).

Stains and dirt on unpainted plank floors are removed by wiping with nylon sponges in the direction of the wood fibers; Sharpening the floor for cleaning purposes is permitted only if absolutely necessary.

It is not allowed to wash newly laid plank floors before they are consolidated. Such floors should be wiped with a damp cloth.

Wooden plank floors along joists must be kept dry, ensuring constant ventilation of the underground through ventilation grilles and other devices.

7. COMBINED ROOF COVERINGS

7.1. Structures of enclosing combined coverings are subject to the most severe operating conditions and require proper care and monitoring.

When using coatings, you should constantly take into account that the reliability and durability of the coating depends on:

timely visual and, if necessary, instrumental examinations;

timely completion of work to maintain the roofing in good condition;

compliance of the adopted design solutions for roofing coverings with the requirements, and other relevant SNiP and project requirements.

7.2. When performing maintenance and proper care of combined roof coverings during operation, the following rules must be observed:

7.2.1. Avoid accumulation of snow and dust on roofs in a layer equal to or exceeding the design standard load in terms of weight. Clean the roof regularly to avoid damage. When cleaning the roof, snow or debris should be cleared evenly from both roof slopes, without collecting snow, dust and debris in a heap.

To eliminate possible overloading of the roof, areas covered with snow and ice should be cleaned periodically, taking precautions to prevent damage to the roofs. For cleaning, use wooden shovels and scraping devices that do not damage the roof. For the same purpose, a layer of snow 5-10 cm thick should be left on the roof. It is prohibited to use metal tools to clean roofs.

7.2.2. Ice and icicles hanging from the canopies must be knocked down in a timely manner using ladders, telescopic car towers and other methods that do not damage the cornices.

Places where work is carried out to clear roofs of snow, icicles and ice must be fenced off below, and the passage for pedestrians and passage for vehicles must be closed with a supervisor posted during the work.

7.2.3. When cleaning the eaves of buildings from ice and icicles or areas of drainage trays (with parapet walls) from snow in the event of differences in height of the roofs of complex buildings (with a difference in height of more than 3 m), on the roof of the lower part in places where it meets the higher part, it should be laid along the cleaning front wooden safety flooring 1.5 - 2.0 m wide made of boards at least 30 mm thick. In this case, the cleaning procedure should be such that snow and ice do not accumulate in large masses on the underlying roofs.

7.2.4. When moving snow along roof slopes, you should use sheets of plywood or sleds with wooden runners (move them only on snow).

7.2.5. With the onset of spring and at the end of autumn, remove dust, pine needles, leaves and other debris from roofs and water intakes. Sweeping pine needles and leaves into the funnels of internal drains is not allowed.

7.2.6. In summer, the upper sections of internal drains should be regularly cleaned from the roof with a brush attached to a pole (the diameter of the brush should be equal to the diameter of the drainage pipeline), the lower sections should be cleaned after inspection.

Receiving grids and glasses of water receiving funnels must be cleaned of dust, silt and dirt using scrapers and brushes, followed by rinsing with water.

Drains should be washed with soda solution or hot water, especially if clogged with bitumen mastic.

7.2.7. It is prohibited to lay temporary pipelines over the ceilings, install ventilation units, lighting or other wiring racks not provided for in the design, and store construction and other materials and products. Do not allow the construction of various auxiliary premises or the temporary installation of prefabricated houses (carriages) for repair personnel that are not provided for in the project and create conditions for the formation of additional snow bags on the roof.

Installation of additional lightning rod masts, antennas, banners and other devices on combined surfaces should only be carried out according to the design and secured to reliable structures.

7.2.8. Do not allow people to stay on the roofings, except for cases of cleaning the roof from snow, debris and dirt, performing repair work, inspection work, and technical inspection.

7.2.9. For maintenance, provide convenient exits to the outer surface of the coating, provide ladders with guardrails for climbing to higher-lying roofs, stepladders on steep slopes, transition bridges through the lining structures of temperature-settlement joints.

Roof exits must be locked at all times and the keys must be kept by those responsible for maintenance and fire supervision.

7.2.10. People should only be allowed to stay on steel, asbestos slate, roll and mastic roofs that do not have a protective layer in the form of gravel or tiles, or on wooden walkways during repairs, cleaning and inspection only in soft shoes (felted, rubber-soled, etc.).

7.2.11. When working on the roof, use portable ladders or stepladders with wooden shoes, lined with felt, rubber or other non-slip material.

7.2.12. For the passage of maintenance personnel to engineering or technical equipment installed on the roof, lay wooden (preferably lattice) panels or arrange protective layers.

7.2.13. In areas of roll or mastic roofs with constant accumulation and removal of dust (soil, sand, coal, peat, shale, ash), it is necessary to make a protective layer of sandy asphalt concrete or cement-sand mortar. From these areas it is necessary to lay walking bridges for transporting dust to receiving shafts or bunkers with reliable fences.

7.2.14. To protect combined coatings of heavy (from reinforced concrete panels or monolithic reinforced concrete) or lightweight type (from profiled galvanized flooring) from moistening by condensation moisture, it is necessary to perform the following operational and technical measures:

7.2.14.1. Maintain temperature and humidity conditions in the room (heating and ventilation modes) that comply with the project or the requirements of regulatory and technical documents.

7.2.14.2. Renew, as necessary (if the waterproofing and vapor barrier characteristics decrease), the vapor barrier layer present in the combined coating.

7.2.15. If wet areas are detected on the lower (ceiling) surface of the combined coating, the causes of their appearance should be identified and eliminated.

7.2.16. If there are areas on the surfaces with constant stagnation of water, it is necessary to take immediate measures to restore the slopes towards the drainage funnels, preventing the accumulation of rain and melt water.

7.2.17. Interfaces of the roofing carpet or mastic roof with vertical structures (walls, parapets, sides of lanterns, intersections of pipes and drainage funnels, masts, guys, fences, etc.), as well as the slopes of the roof and gutters must comply with the requirements of the project.

7.2.18. In order to protect combined coatings from moisture associated with the technological process or the operation and repair of technological equipment, it is necessary to comply with the instructions of paragraph of this Standard Instruction.

7.2.19. Avoid punctures and other damage to the vapor barrier layer. Identified damage should be repaired immediately by gluing an additional layer of vapor barrier (patch) on the damaged areas with preliminary opening of the waterproofing layers, screed, insulation and their subsequent restoration.

7.2.20. Make sure that the renewal of protective layers of rolled or mastic roofs is carried out within the time limits determined by local operating conditions, but not less than every 8 - 10 years.

7.2.21. Steel roofing, gutters, downspouts and other exterior gutter parts should be periodically painted as the old coat of paint wears off, but at least every 5 years. If individual areas of damaged paint are found on the roof, the latter must be painted immediately.

7.2.22. At energy enterprises built according to old designs (with coverings made of small-sized prefabricated reinforced concrete slabs), special attention should be paid to the reliability of fastening these coverings to the purlins and timely measures (avoiding falls) should be taken to replace, strengthen or install safety support tables, purlins and catchers. grids

7.2.23. Deflections of trusses, purlins, slabs and panels with the appearance of cracks in structural elements noticed during inspection of coatings must be recorded in a special journal and measures taken to eliminate them.

8. COLORS, WORKING PLATFORM, STAIRS, CANOPIES

When operating and maintaining reinforced concrete and metal structures of floors, work platforms, stairs and canopies, the following rules must be observed.

8.1. Floors and work platforms

8.1.1. When the floors are moistened due to a disruption in the normal operation of process pipelines, equipment and water supply and sewerage systems, it is necessary to immediately identify and eliminate the causes of watering, remove the layers of the floor composition that have been destroyed by wetting, dry the floor structure, then restore the waterproofing, replace or repair defective pipelines .

When eliminating malfunctions, defects and damage to waterproofing layers on floors, provide water drainage with drainage to the sewer system.

8.1.2. The possibility of violating the integrity of load-bearing structures of floors and work platforms due to the need to lay or repair utility lines is subject to prior approval with the design or specialized organization.

8.1.3. When operating work platforms for servicing equipment, window filling, landing areas for cranes, transition platforms and bridges, the following is not allowed:

store construction materials, equipment, etc. on them;

block passages and stairs leading to them;

cut holes or individual structural elements;

working and landing platforms, bridges, stairs must be periodically, at least once a month, cleaned of dust, lubricants and debris. Unused equipment and materials must be removed from sites as soon as possible;

the surface of metal platforms, passages and steps of stairs must be rough, eliminating the possibility of slipping.

On a worn surface, it is necessary to restore the roughness as wear occurs by drip welding of metal using electric welding.

8.2. Stairs

8.2.1. Marches (with their steps and treads) and landings of staircases should be swept and ventilated daily, and also washed with hot water at least once a week. For ventilation, it is necessary to open the windows or transoms provided for this purpose, and in their absence, turn on the forced ventilation devices.

8.2.2. On the days of washing stairs (at least once a month), wall panels lined or painted with oil paint should be washed with warm water.

8.2.3. The painting of stairwells or other surface finishing of walls, stringers, and beams should be restored at intervals determined based on local operating experience, but at least once every five years.

8.2.4. Before the onset of winter, the condition of heating devices installed in staircases should be checked.

8.2.5. Moving heavy loads (equipment parts, boxes, etc.) along flights of stairs and landings is permitted only after preliminary protection and taking other necessary measures to protect steps, landings, handrails and walls.

8.2.6. Damage to steps, landing floor coverings, walls, handrails, structures of window and door openings of staircases must be repaired.

8.2.7. When using staircases, it is necessary to keep the doors of the rooms opening onto the staircase closed and maintain the standard temperature and humidity conditions in the rooms and staircases, as provided for by the project.

8.2.8. Devices, electrical wiring, switches and other elements of artificial lighting must always be in good condition and must ensure the safe passage of energy company workers through the staircase after dark. The time for turning on the lights in the staircases is set based on local daylight conditions. Turning on the light can be local or centralized.

8.3. Visors

8.3.1. Canopies over entrances to buildings must have slopes that ensure water drainage from the walls, and a proper waterproofing carpet, especially in the places where the canopy adjoins the wall and is embedded in the wall.

8.3.2. In winter, it is necessary to ensure that the canopies are not overloaded with snow and ice. To do this, the canopies should be periodically cleared of snow cover without damaging the roof.

8.3.4. If cracks appear in the wall in the area where the canopy is sealed into the wall, at least two unloading supports (wooden or metal) should be placed at a distance of half the extension of the canopy from the wall and measures should be taken to repair the seal of the canopy.

8.3.5. In summer, canopies should be periodically cleaned of debris, dust, sand and other sediment.

8.3.6. Exposed metal parts of visors must be painted periodically.

9. BEARING STRUCTURES OF FRAMEWORKS OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES

9.1. During operation, it is not allowed to change the structural designs of load-bearing reinforced concrete and metal frames of industrial buildings and structures.

9.2. The frame structures of industrial buildings and structures must be protected from overloads. For this purpose, the following should not be allowed without agreement with the design organization:

suspension, installation, fastening on the frame structures of buildings and structures of technological equipment, vehicles, pipelines and other devices not provided for by the design;

accumulations of snow, dust and debris on roofs and primarily in valleys;

additional temporary load on frame structures from devices and mechanisms used during repair and installation work;

use of structural elements of buildings and structures as anchors, guys, stops;

lateral pressure on columns and other frame structures from the storage of materials and products, piles of soil and other bulk materials directly against the walls and columns. Storage of materials and products and dumping of soil should be located no closer than 2 m from structures.

9.3. When performing repair work and work related to the reconstruction of load-bearing building structures of frames, it is necessary to protect them from impacts and other mechanical influences.

9.4. It should not be allowed to weaken the load-bearing structures of frames by cutting and drilling in elements of trusses, columns, beams and other load-bearing structures without the approval of a design or specialized organization that has a license.

9.5. It is not allowed to remove or rearrange horizontal and cross vertical connections between frame columns and roof trusses, cut out braces, racks and other structural elements (trusses, columns, etc.), or create rigid mating elements at hinge points.

9.6. Fastening and welding of any parts to any reinforcement (flexible or rigid) of reinforced concrete structures and to metal frame structures, hanging of pipelines, lamps or cables is permitted only in agreement with the design or specialized organization,

9.7. Shoes of columns of the frame of buildings and structures, anchor bolts and connections from the top edge of the foundations or from the room level to a height of 0.3 m should be protected from moisture with dense concrete. Contact of the metal supporting parts of the columns and connections between them with soil or bulk fuel is not allowed.

9.8. The surfaces of columns and other frame elements must be cleaned of dirt, dust, soot and oil.

9.9. The load-bearing building structures of the frames of industrial buildings and structures, especially the condition of the joints of prefabricated reinforced concrete and metal structures, as well as structures that are subject to the influence of the wet conditions of workshops, vibration, dynamic, thermal and variable static loads, need to be systematically monitored and observed.

9.10. When inspecting frame building structures, special attention should be paid to columns, frame crossbars, sub-rafters and roof trusses, purlins, load-bearing elements of half-timbers, etc.

9.11. If cracks are detected in reinforced concrete frame structures, observations of their development should be immediately organized. If cracks increase, take measures to temporarily reinforce structures and engage specialists from specialized organizations for consultations.

If destruction of reinforced concrete structures or protective layer is detected, take measures to eliminate the causes of destruction and restore damaged elements and individual sections of structures.

9.12. During the period of operation of buildings and structures, a systematic check of the verticality of columns, trusses and other building structures must be organized (but at least once every five years). In case of increasing deviation from the vertical of individual structures or longitudinal deflection that threatens the stability of structures, it is necessary to involve a specialized organization for inspection.

9.13. During the operation of metal frames of buildings and structures, defects discovered, such as non-compliance of the dimensions of welds with the design dimensions, lack of penetration, undercuts, burns and visible significant porosity of the seams, craters, seam separations, hairline cracks, significant corrosion, absence of seams in places determined by the design, cracks in rivets, rattling when tapped, lack of the number of rivets, anchor bolts, nuts and locknuts required by the project and their damage by corrosion, weak tightening of bolted connections, deformation of bolts as a result of mechanical damage, significant weakening (more than 10%) of sections of bolts and structural elements corrosion, the presence of large gaps between columns and support plates of truss support units with bolted connections, and others, must be eliminated first.

10. CRANE STRUCTURES

10.1. In order to timely identify and eliminate defects, damage and deviations from the parameters provided for, the crane tracks of lifting cranes at energy enterprises due to their constant operation under the influence of dynamic loads and the significant influence of their technical condition on the stability of the load-bearing frame of buildings and structures must be subjected to at least once a year control (partial) examination.

10.2. At least once every three years, a full technical inspection of the crane runways of energy enterprises must be carried out with the involvement of a specialized organization licensed to perform this type of work.

10.3. Responsibility for maintaining lifting cranes and crane tracks in good condition should be assigned to the head of the department for the operation of lifting mechanisms and crane tracks of the relevant workshop.

The person responsible for the maintenance of lifting machines must also ensure:

Carrying out regular inspections and repairs of crane tracks within the time limits established by the schedule;

systematic monitoring of the correctness of keeping a log of periodic inspections by the shop floor responsible for crane equipment and crane runways;

timely elimination of identified malfunctions of crane tracks;

regular personal inspection of crane tracks;

maintenance and current repair of crane tracks by trained and certified personnel;

periodic testing of the knowledge of personnel servicing the crane runways;

timely preparation of crane tracks (safety measures) for their technical inspection by local specialists, as well as for maintenance and repair work on the tracks;

storage of technical documentation for crane tracks.

10.4. Carrying out maintenance work and inspection of crane tracks while the crane is operating is not permitted.

The place where these works are carried out must be well lit. In case of insufficient lighting, the mentioned works should not be carried out.

It is not allowed to turn on the mechanisms when people are on the crane outside its cabin. An exception is allowed for persons inspecting crane runways from a crane. In this case, the mechanisms must be turned on at the signal of the person performing the inspection.

10.5. Rails (steel bars) of crane tracks must have fastenings that prevent their lateral and longitudinal displacement during movement and operation of the cranes.

10.7. An extraordinary instrumental geodetic check of the track condition must be carried out in cases where a visual inspection reveals rail shifts, track curvatures, significant wear on the crane wheel flanges, rail heads, loosening of the rails and other violations, as well as after laying the track or its repair (straightening).

Geodetic survey should include the following measurements:

leveling of crane rails;

determination of the planned position of the rails;

measuring the displacement of the rail from the axis of the crane beam and the beam itself relative to the faces of the columns;

measurement of crane runway and overhead crane spans.

Note. Detailed methods for performing geodetic surveys of crane tracks are given in,.

10.8. Highly qualified specialists from specialized organizations should be involved in geodetic surveying of crane tracks.

10.9. It is necessary to involve specialized organizations in the development of design solutions for straightening or strengthening crane tracks.

10.10. When operating crane structures it is not allowed:

change the operating mode of cranes to a heavier one without agreement with the general designer and the State Mining and Technical Supervision Authority of Russia;

expose crane structures to shock impacts during operation of overhead cranes due to faulty rail and crane tracks (displacement, subsidence, tilts);

store parts of crane and other technological equipment on brake platforms, if this is not provided for by the project.

10.11. Crane structures (crane beams, brake platforms) must be cleaned of dirt, dust, soot and oil.

11. REQUIREMENTS FOR THE OPERATION OF BUILDING STRUCTURES UNDER CONDITIONS OF SPECIAL INFLUENCES OF TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES

11.1. Exposure to high temperatures

11.1.1. The operation of concrete and reinforced concrete structures (with the exception of massive foundations located in the ground) is not permitted under the following conditions:

stationary long-term (more than 7 days) heating above 200 °C;

cyclic (with a change in temperature per day by more than 30 °C or 100 °C per week) heating over 150 °C;

periodic moistening when surfaces are heated above 50 °C.

11.1.2. Stationary, long-term heating of the surface of massive concrete foundations up to 350 °C is allowed if the load on the foundation does not exceed 1000 kPa.

11.1.3. If the heating temperature of concrete and reinforced concrete structures exceeds those specified in paragraphs. and values, it is necessary to install additional screens to protect structures from heating. Screens can be made of metal sheets with special thermal insulation (for example, slag wool mats), brickwork and heat-resistant concrete according to a project developed by a specialized organization and agreed with the general designer.

11.1.4. Measures to protect steel structures from heating should be taken depending on the heating temperature and the nature of the damage caused by it in accordance with the requirements. The dependence of the nature of damage to steel structures on their heating temperature is as follows:

Direct contact of structures with flame causes local warping of elements (extensions, deflections, etc.), distortion of their shape, and sometimes complete burns.

11.1.5. Load-bearing steel structures exposed to heating above 200 °C by radiant or convective heat should be protected with heat-insulating screens, lining or heat-resistant thermal insulation made of heat-resistant concrete according to a design agreed upon with the general designer (if they were not provided for by the design).

11.1.6. If warping of steel structures is detected (which in the conditions of power enterprises can be a consequence of a local fire), it is necessary to carry out a verification calculation of the strength of the structure and, if necessary, involve a specialized design organization to develop a design for strengthening the structure.

11.1.7. When steel columns, crossbars come into contact with hot pipelines, the corresponding sections of pipelines or structures must be protected with heat-resistant lining with thermal insulation, or (if the gap between the crossbar, column and pipe or other heating source does not allow this), the heating source must be removed from the column during the next major repair (crossbar) to a distance that allows for thermal insulation.

11.1.8. Steel structures in the boiler room of thermal power plants, subject to periodic exposure to radiant heat, should be painted in light colors (light and heat reflective).

11.1.9. To protect structures painted with oil or perchlorovinyl paints from heating by radiant or convective heat over 100 °C, or over 200 °C for structures painted with bitumen varnish-based paints, it is necessary to use heat-insulating screens (or the structures themselves must be thermally insulated).

11.1.10. Thermal insulation and special heat-protective (heat-reflecting) screens that protect building structures from the effects of high and elevated temperatures should be maintained in good condition, and air gaps and ventilation openings should be regularly cleaned of dirt.

11.1.11. Store directly on hot floors metal parts and units with temperatures exceeding the design temperature for a given type of floor are not allowed. If necessary, areas of the floor for storing the specified parts and assemblies should be covered with sand or earth.

11.1.12. During maintenance, supervision of building structures under conditions of exposure to elevated and high temperatures should include monitoring the condition of these structures, as well as thermal insulation structures and screens, identifying cracks, crumbling of concrete and changes in its color in reinforced concrete structures, warping, deflections and elongations (after fires and burns) in metal structures.

If such deformations and damage occur, measures should be taken to eliminate them, replace or strengthen the structure, involving, if necessary, a specialized organization.

11.1.13. Cracks in the walls that appeared under the influence of high or elevated temperatures should be cleared and sealed with a heat-resistant mortar (unless the wall has other damage and cannot be dismantled and rebuilt).

11.2. Vibration effects

11.2.1. The operation of building structures of industrial buildings and structures operating under conditions of increased vibration loads leads to a reduction in the time between repairs and an increase in the cost of major repairs of buildings and structures.

11.2.2. The permissible level of vibrations of load-bearing structures of buildings and structures must be limited by the requirements:

strength and endurance of structural elements in accordance with the design and;

preventing the harmful effects of vibration on the health of people on structures, in accordance with and;

ensuring the normal operation of vibration-sensitive devices and equipment in accordance with their passport data.

11.2.3. The level of vibrations of enclosing structures and coatings in buildings with constant presence of maintenance personnel must be limited in accordance with the requirements for calculating the coatings of industrial buildings that perceive dynamic loads in order to prevent harmful effects on people.

11.2.4. When accepting new or reconstructed buildings into operation, it is necessary to measure structural vibrations at all workplaces where vibrations are noticeable, and check that the vibration parameters comply with the requirements. Measurements must be carried out by a department of the enterprise or specialized organizations in accordance with.

In the future, measurements should be made at intervals of once every five years, as well as in all cases of changes in the placement of equipment or a sharp increase in the level of fluctuations. Measurement of vibrations of structures on which people are not intended to be present should be carried out when installing new equipment that works with vibration, as well as in cases where during operation it is discovered that the condition of the structures causes concern due to the appearance of cracks, uneven settlements, resonant vibrations and etc.

11.2.5. Routine technical inspections of building structures subject to vibrations must be carried out according to the schedule, but at least once a month. In this case, the main attention should be paid to monitoring the condition of joints and interfaces of elements, areas weakened by holes, and places of possible stress concentration. Signs of structural damage must be recorded in the technical inspection log of building structures of buildings and structures, and the structures must be immediately repaired while simultaneously eliminating the causes of damage - increased vibrations. In case of repeated damage to structures, it is necessary to involve a specialized organization to determine further measures to eliminate the causes of damage (reduce vibrations, strengthen structures), transfer equipment (vibration exciter) to another location, etc.

11.2.6. When performing technical inspections of buildings exposed to vibrations, special attention should be paid to:

development of uneven settlement of foundations depending on changes in vibration influences;

characteristic signs of damage to building structures from vibrations:

The appearance of cracks in welds, places of sudden changes in the cross-sections of metal structural elements;

Loosening of bolted and rivet connections;

Loosening of fastening of structures on supports and their displacement;

Deformations of shelves and walls of metal structures;

Formation of intersecting cracks in concrete and reinforced concrete structures, peeling of the protective layer, reduction in the adhesion strength of reinforcement to concrete, disruption of the seal and pulling out of anchor bolts or splitting of concrete in areas adjacent to them, appearance of cracks in welded joints of embedded and connecting parts, destruction of concrete and mortar in cemented joints, violation of fastenings and damage to prefabricated parts (assemblies) of reinforced concrete structures;

Formation of intersecting cracks and deviation of structures from the vertical, delamination of masonry and loss of individual stones, disruption of fastenings to frame elements with the formation of contour cracks and movement of individual sections of walls, disruption of fastenings of frames of openings (boxes) to walls in stone and reinforced masonry structures.

11.2.7. In buildings and structures where equipment is used that causes vibration in building structures, special attention should be paid to the state of insulation of the equipment foundations (turbine generator, electric pump, mill, ventilation, etc.) surrounding the building structures. One of the main signs of the presence of rigid connections between equipment foundations and surrounding building structures is a sharp increase in the level of vibrations of structures.

11.2.8. To prevent the transmission of vibrations to building structures through pipelines, rigid connections of the vibrating unit with communications should not be allowed. For this purpose, for example, inserts should be used at the points where pipeline ventilation ducts are connected to a vibrating unit (pumping units, fans, etc.), as well as compensation loops on the power supply wires of electric motors, etc.

Inserts must be made of fireproof elastic materials.

Where permitted by applicable fire codes, inserts may be made of rubber, canvas or similar materials.

11.3. Exposure to aggressive chemical environment

11.3.1. It is necessary to constantly take measures to protect building structures from the destructive effects of chemical aggression from industrial and household liquids, emulsions, pulps, gases, vapors and dust, for which you should:

11.3.1.1. Ensure the maximum possible sealing of process equipment and equipment, connections of process pipelines, pipelines of internal water supply networks, sewerage, heat supply, gas and fuel oil pipelines, process tanks, etc. Immediately eliminate leaks and emissions from equipment, equipment and pipelines that appear as a result of depressurization of connections and for other reasons.

11.3.1.2. Ensure the operating mode of equipment specified by the project utility networks buildings and structures.

11.3.1.3. Do not store aggressive liquids or work with them in unsuitable premises.

11.3.1.4. Avoid spills and splashing of process fluids, ash and slag slurries, liquid fuel and other corrosive liquids onto building structures.

11.3.1.6. Protect building structures with special protective coatings if pallets and traps for aggressive liquids and oils do not provide sufficient protection against spills and splashes of liquids.

11.3.1.7. Protect reinforced concrete structures from direct exposure to the flow of water, acids, alkalis, oils, emulsions and pulps (ash and slag), fuel oil, oil, oils and other liquids aggressive to concrete and reinforcement, as well as concentrated salt solutions.

11.3.1.8. Constantly monitor the integrity of anti-corrosion coatings and regularly renew them to protect metal structures from corrosion.

11.3.1.9. Immediately remove acid that has reached the surface of steel structures with an aqueous solution of alkali or lime paste, avoiding damage to the coating, and remove any remaining alkali (lime paste) with water. Damaged areas of the protective coating must be restored.

11.3.1.10. Timely detect and restore damage to protective paint and varnish coatings on the surface of reinforced concrete structures operating in a moderately aggressive environment in combination with high humidity (ash room, boiler service area with control panels, reagent facilities of the water treatment plant, washing cabins, sub-scrubber room, electrolyser room, etc.) and in highly aggressive conditions environment.

11.3.1.11. Set deadlines for renewing anti-corrosion coatings of metal and reinforced concrete structures, taking into account the degree of aggressive influence of the operating environment, the type and state of anti-corrosion protection, the structural form of the elements and their actual technological state, determined by the conclusion of a specialized organization.

11.3.1.12. With the involvement of a specialized organization, develop measures to protect foundations, basement walls and other underground building structures from destruction when aggressive groundwater appears or the anti-corrosion protection of underground structures is damaged.

11.3.2. To prevent damage to foundations from exposure to aggressive liquids, the following is not allowed:

11.3.2.1. Penetration of liquids into the foundation soils of buildings and structures as a result of leaks from industrial stormwater and domestic sewage systems, technological communications, apparatus and equipment. Leaks from these systems, as well as malfunctions of drainage trays and channels, sewerage pipelines and its control wells must be eliminated immediately.

11.3.2.2. Exposure of concrete foundations to acids, alkalis, lubricating and transformer oils, liquid fuels and other aggressive liquids.

11.3.2.3. Storage of acids and alkalis near foundations and underground communications without their anti-corrosion protection, carried out according to a special project.

11.3.3. It is necessary to ensure that the waterproofing of foundations for equipment is continuous and integral with the waterproofing of the floor, ensuring the impermeability of aggressive liquids through these structures. The presence of filtration of such liquids into the soil can be detected by chemical analysis of groundwater or by direct detection of these processes by control holes along the perimeter of the foundations.

11.3.4. When attaching equipment to foundations or load-bearing floors with anchors, check that the gaps between the anchor and the protective lining are sealed with materials that are chemically resistant to this aggressive environment. If such sealing is not available, perform it during maintenance.

11.3.5. It is not allowed to violate the technology adopted by the project for discharging aggressive wastewater through trays and other structures designed to drain industrial wastewater.

11.3.6. In rooms where aggressive reagents are used in technological processes (WPU - reagent facilities, bagger pumping rooms, under-scrubber rooms, ash rooms, washing rooms, etc.), it is necessary to establish constant monitoring of sections of the walls:

located near devices, joints of pipeline elements and shut-off equipment;

adjacent to rooms with elevated temperatures and high relative humidity;

adjacent to floors that may be directly exposed to aggressive liquids.

11.3.7. It is necessary to establish the frequency of monitoring the parameters of the gas-air environment and spills of aggressive liquids in the production premises of the energy enterprise, taking into account specific local conditions, depending on the degree of aggressiveness of the environment in accordance with. The frequency of monitoring should, as a rule, be for the environment:

mildly aggressive - at least once a year;

moderately aggressive - at least twice a year;

highly aggressive - at least four times a year.

Routine inspections of underground structures should be carried out randomly at least once a year. Unscheduled inspections of such structures are carried out in the event of any emergency violations of technological processes affecting the structures.

11.3.8. When inspecting metal building structures, damage to the paint and varnish coating should be identified and an assessment of its condition should be made (weathering, cracking, peeling, bubbles, rashes on the surface of the coating, as well as the nature and degree of corrosion damage to the metal, etc.).

Assess the condition of the paintwork in accordance with current state standards.

11.3.9. If inspections reveal corrosion damage to metal structures with a decrease in the actual cross-sectional area compared to the design value, then the issue of the possibility of further operation of such structures must be resolved with the involvement of a specialized organization.

11.3.10. During the routine inspection of reinforced concrete structures, it is necessary to identify traces of corrosion damage to structures, as well as visible and accessible (for inspection and inspection) embedded parts, the presence, nature and extent of damage to anti-corrosion protective metallization and paint coatings.

Assessment of the condition of metallization coatings of embedded parts must be carried out in accordance with the current GOST for methods of monitoring metallic and non-metallic inorganic coatings.

11.3.11. If during inspections visible cracks in the form of grids are identified on the surfaces of load-bearing structures of buildings and structures, specialized organizations should be involved to technically examine the condition of these structures and issue a conclusion with recommendations.

If previous current and major repairs have not stopped the development of corrosion of reinforcement and concrete and the condition of the structure is deteriorating, it is necessary to conduct a more detailed and in-depth examination of structures with the involvement of specialized organizations.

11.3.12. When carrying out technical inspections of stone and reinforced stone walls, it should be taken into account that most often defects and damage to external and internal walls arise due to exposure to aggressive gases, dust and other reagents in the presence of high humidity (more than 60%).

11.4. Impact of stray currents

11.4.1. When the average daily leakage current density is more than 0.15 mA/dm2, protection of building structures from the effects of stray currents is required.

11.4.2. In the area affected by stray currents, in order to prevent the destruction of structures by active corrosion processes, it is necessary to constantly maintain the continuity of waterproofing of underground structures.

11.4.3. In electrolysis and other industrial premises where direct current is used for technological purposes, the following rules for the operation of reinforced concrete structures must be observed:

11.4.3.1. DC busbars, electrolysis baths, metal pipelines connected to them, as well as process equipment and pipelines under direct current must be insulated from reinforced concrete structures. For insulation, insulators made of basalt, porcelain, glass and other materials that have the necessary electrical resistance at a given voltage are used. The use of conductive materials (wood, etc.) is not allowed.

11.4.3.2. Insulators should be periodically thoroughly cleaned of dust, dirt, metal splashes and salt deposits to prevent current leakage through them to reinforced concrete structures.

11.4.3.3. DC buses, metal pipelines and air ducts must be insulated from walls, floors and foundations with air gaps of at least 0 mm in size (for busbars) and dielectric materials with a thickness of at least 30 mm (for pipelines).

11.4.4. Reinforced concrete structures should not be in contact with underground sheet piles or lightning protection, drainage and other metal circuits that concentrate stray currents.

12. FIRE FIGHTING REQUIREMENTS FOR THE OPERATION OF BUILDING STRUCTURES

12.1. It is prohibited to move explosive, fire-hazardous and fire-hazardous production facilities to other premises not intended for such production.

12.2. The construction of openings or openings not provided for by the design is not allowed in the enclosing structures of premises with explosive, explosive and fire hazardous industries.

12.3. It is necessary to periodically renew the protection (after the expiration of the established period of validity) of building structures or their elements with fire-retardant materials or paints.

12.4. The surfaces of steel and reinforced concrete structures in rooms associated with the release of combustible (fuel, etc.) dust must be periodically cleaned of deposits of combustible dust, grease and oil stains and other deposits:

12.4.1. The frequency of dust removal from building structures should be taken in accordance with the design instructions and clarified during operation, depending on the nature of production and the degree of dust in the environment in each production room, but at least once a year.

When cleaning, special attention should be paid to areas and structural units that have narrow cracks, sinuses and other spaces where dust can accumulate and moisture can be retained.

Cleaning of steel and reinforced concrete structures should be done:

from dense (packed, sintered, etc.) dust, an easily separated layer of rust - with scrapers, manual or pneumatic brushes;

from dry non-caked dust - using vacuum dust removal units;

from grease - by wiping with fireproof cleaning compounds.

In buildings and structures of any purpose, fire cleaning of structures is not allowed, and in fire-hazardous and explosive premises, mechanical cleaning is also not allowed.

Areas of protective coatings damaged during cleaning must be restored no later than 24 hours after completion of cleaning.

12.4.2. The amount of settled dust on structures (spontaneously combustible and explosive) should not exceed 5% of the lower explosive limit.

Increased supervision must be carried out in areas of intense deposits (fuel supply tract, boiler room and gas ducts).

12.4.3. It is necessary to exercise strict control to prevent the formation of explosive concentrations of dust in the air of premises (structures).

12.4.4. Control over explosive concentrations and dust removal from building structures should be entrusted to the managers of all departments of the enterprise where there are increased dust deposits.

12.5. Exits to staircases and combined coverings, as well as approaches to fire-fighting equipment and inventory, must always be free.

12.6. Spare staircases and ladders, as well as exits to combined surfaces, must always be available for use; exits must be permanently locked with a key kept in a designated place, known (according to the information sign) and accessible for receipt at any time of the day.

12.7. The hanging system for fire-resistant and non-flammable doors must prevent the doors from not closing tightly or jamming when the room temperature rises.

12.8. During the maintenance and inspection of building structures, it is necessary to identify defects and damage in them that contribute to the loss of load-bearing capacity in a fire, the spread of fire and combustion products, and also disrupt the normal evacuation of people from the premises and the building as a whole.

12.9. Defects and damage that contribute to the loss of load-bearing capacity of structures in a fire are:

partial peeling and spalling of the protective layer of concrete with exposure of the working reinforcement of the load-bearing elements of the reinforced concrete frame of the building, as well as slabs, purlins and other load-bearing elements of coatings and floors;

cracks and spalls exposing welding points of reinforcement of floor elements, coatings, curtain wall panels with metal embedded parts of frame elements;

damage to plaster, paint and other protective coatings of wooden and metal structures;

violation of the integrity of the facing sheets of light curtain wall and roof panels with slab insulation;

damage to fastening points in staircase structures and damage to the integrity of coatings protecting these components;

deformation of the skin and violation of the non-combustible layer of the panel and frame of fire-resistant, non-combustible doors and gates.

12.10. Defects and damage that contribute to the spread of fire and combustion products are:

holes, through cracks at the junctions of external and internal walls and their junction with floors (coverings), as well as at the junction of partitions with columns;

violations of the density of joints between wall panels, slabs in interfloor ceilings;

gaps, through holes in places where cables, pipelines and other types of communications pass through the internal enclosing structures;

violation of airtight airlocks;

through gaps in places where door frames adjoin internal walls and partitions, which appeared as a result of shrinkage and settlement.

12.11. It is necessary to take urgent measures to eliminate identified defects and damage that may complicate the normal evacuation of people from the premises and the building as a whole; First of all, the following should be eliminated:

violations of the integrity of the internal and external walls of the staircase (through holes), contributing to its smoke;

improper hanging of door panels in rooms, corridors and staircases;

damage and ruptures in the fencing of staircases;

violations of the overall dimensions of passages, corridors and driveways;

obstructing exits to staircases and placing equipment, inventory, etc. in them.

12.12. If, during the process of maintenance and supervision of the operation of buildings and structures, violations, damages, deficiencies, deformations and inconsistencies of planning, design and other solutions with fire safety requirements noted in this section are identified, everything noted should be recorded in the logs of maintenance and technical inspections of building structures of buildings and structures and take urgent measures to eliminate them with mandatory notification to the management of the energy enterprise and fire authorities and agreement with them.

Annex 1

JOURNAL OF MAINTENANCE OF OPERATION OF PRODUCTION BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OF ENERGY ENTERPRISE name of the energy enterprise and energy system Supervision of building maintenance ________________________________________________ building name buildings ________________________________________________________________ name of the structure their building structures. Table 1 Recording date Name of the premises, building or structure; axis, row, mark. Observed violations of the rules for maintaining a building or structure; malfunctions of building structures. Observation (measurement) results, fault assessment. Number and date of the order, instruction authorizing the execution of work or operation. Name of the act and other documents Prescribed measures to eliminate violations and malfunctions or further monitoring. Who issued the order and to whom, its number and date. Deadlines for repairing damage and follow-up observations Position, surname, name, patronymic of the person responsible for implementing the prescribed measures, his signature Position, surname, name, patronymic of the person who made the entry, his signature; Date of completion Accounting for building maintenance and repair work _____________________________________ Name Facilities ________________________________ building name of the structure ___________________________________________________________________________ table 2 Type of work, code Reason for needing to do the work Name of the building structure. Brief content and volume of work performed in physical terms. Place of execution (room, mark, axis, row) Cost of work, thousand rubles. Estimate number Time frame for completing the work (month, year) Performers of work Position, surname, first name, patronymic of the person who made the entry, his signature, date of completion Ending design construction, installation, repair Note. This log must be kept separately for each building and structure.

Appendix 2

REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF LOCAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR OF INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OF ENERGY ENTERPRISES

1. Drawing up local instructions is mandatory if the operating conditions of the facility differ from the conditions taken into account by these Standard Instructions. In this case, the number of industrial buildings should include:

1.1. At thermal power plants: the main building, separate buildings of the main control panel, water treatment plant, mechanical repair shops, combined auxiliary buildings, buildings of pumping stations (onshore, fuel oil, bagger, etc.), buildings of switching chambers at onshore pumping stations, closed switchgears, transformer repair towers, closed circuit breaker building, locomotive depot buildings, garages, oxygen plants, electrolysis, acetylene, hydrogen, ammonia and other gas generating plants, gas distribution point structures, oil production buildings and structures, compressor plant buildings, dust preparation buildings (a complex of buildings and structures of a dust plant or a crushing building at a thermal power plant), a building for fuel unloading devices, a hothouse for heating frozen fuel, a car dumper building, a main fuel supply control panel, a main control panel for the operation of a power plant, a closed fuel storage building, a checkpoint building, an administrative household building.

1.2. At electrical network enterprises: all structures on the territory of the enterprise that have the form of a building, including buildings of synchronous compensators, switches, closed switchgears, warehouses, garages, workshops, local boiler houses in the form of separate buildings or separate built-in (attached) rooms for repair transformer towers , administrative or administrative-engineering building.

1.3. At heating network enterprises: buildings of pumping stations and substations, throttle stations, boiler houses, heating points, workshops, garages, closed warehouses, administrative buildings; district boiler houses with a complex of buildings and structures similar to those given for thermal power plants (see paragraph).

2. In addition to local instructions for industrial buildings, local instructions must be developed for the following main production structures: ground fuel supply racks, gas pipelines, steam pipelines, fuel oil pipelines, slurry pipelines; railway access overpasses to coal pits or pits of other bulk fuels; trestles of gantry or semi-gantry cranes (their crane runways); supports and other structures of cable cars; underground fuel supply galleries; cable tunnels; cable channels; underground heating galleries; structures on the territory of open electrical distribution devices (portals, supports, foundations for portals, switches, transformers; cable channels on the territory of outdoor switchgear, etc.); foundations for turbogenerators, circulation pumps, ball and other mills; hydraulic ash removal channels; chimneys with gas ducts and hogs (ground and underground); closed and open transition bridges between industrial buildings, as well as underground passages; cooling towers of all types, spray ponds, aqueducts, viaducts; gravity underground or open circulation channels; railway and road bridges; culverts; pressure or spillway diversion channels; external (on the territory) and internal (in buildings) non-passable pipeline channels for various purposes; external networks of industrial stormwater and domestic sewerage, technical and domestic water supply; territory lighting networks; open areas for storing materials and parking for cars, motorcycles and bicycles; underground and above-ground heating networks (within the extent of the networks on the balance sheet of the energy enterprise); underground and semi-underground fuel oil storage facilities; railway and highway tracks and roads inside the territory and outside the power enterprise (within the boundaries of the lengths of tracks and roads taken into account) with the corresponding track and road engineering structures.

3. In the general part of the local instructions, instructions must be given that all main building structures of industrial buildings and structures of energy enterprises during operation must be subject to maintenance with the necessary work performed in accordance with these Standard Instructions.

4. The main part of the local instructions must contain instructions and provisions that must be observed and implemented taking into account the local operating conditions of building structures of a given facility that are not taken into account in this Standard Instruction, as well as links to sections and paragraphs of this Standard Instruction that should be followed be guided without any changes or additions during the operation of buildings and structures.

Appendix 3

AUTHORIZATIONS FOR THE DEVICE AND OPERATION OF CRANE RAILWAYS

Parameter	Maximum deviations, mm		Graphic image
	Device	Exploitation
1. The difference in elevations in one cross section of the rail head ( R 1):		0.01 span value, but not more than 40
on columns
in flight
2. The difference in marks on adjacent columns in a row ( R 2)
3. Deviation in plan between the axes of the crane rails along the track width ( R 3)
4. Deviation in plan from a straight line ( R 4)
5. Mutual displacement of the ends of the joined rails in plan and height ( R 5)
6. Gaps in joints ( R 6)*		No more than 12
7. Displacement of the rail from the axis of the crane beam ( R 7):
with steel crane beams
with reinforced concrete crane beams
8. Distance from the protruding parts of the ends of the crane to columns, walls, etc. ( R 8)	Not less than 80	At least 60
9. Distance from the top point of the lifting machine to the bottom point of the buildings ( R 9)	Not less than 120	At least 100
10. Distance from the crane platform deck to the lowest point of the building ( R 10)	Not less than 1820	Not less than 1800
11. Rail head wear: horizontal ( R 12)
vertical ( R 11)
* At 0 °C and a rail length of 12.5 m. At temperatures other than 0 °C, the gaps change by 1.5 mm for every 10 °C. Note. Rn - deviation of the parameter from the nominal value; S - the distance between the axes of the crane rails in plan (the track gauge); L - curvature; K is the distance from external structures (columns, walls, etc.) to the axis of the rail track guide; M is the distance from the protruding parts of the crane to the axis of the rail track guide; B is the initial width of the rail head; H is the initial height of the rail head.

List of used literature

1. Standard instructions for the technical operation of industrial buildings and structures of energy enterprises. Part I. Organization of operation of buildings and structures: RD 34.21.521-91. - M: SPO ORGRES, 1991.

2. Standard instructions for the operation of industrial buildings and structures of energy enterprises. Part II. Section II. Technology of repairs of buildings and structures: TI 34-70-031-84. - M.: SPO Soyuztekhenergo, 1985.

3. Guidelines for organizing and conducting observations of foundation settlements and deformations of buildings and structures of thermal power plants under construction and in operation: RD 34.21.322-94. - M: SPO ORGRES, 1997.. Rules for the design and safe operation of load-lifting cranes.. Vibration. Means for measuring and monitoring vibration at workplaces.

1. General Provisions
2. Organization of observations of the safety of industrial buildings and structures
2.1. Structure of the maintenance service for industrial buildings and structures of energy enterprises
2.2. The main functions of EPZiS personnel at an energy enterprise
2.3. Technical supervision of industrial buildings and structures
2.4. Main tasks and responsibilities of EPZiS personnel during the period of ongoing supervision
2.4.1. Territory
2.4.2. Buildings and constructions
3. Inspection of the technical condition of building structures of industrial buildings and structures
3.1. Visual examination
3.1.1. Territory
3.1.2. Buildings and constructions
3.1.3. Safety precautions when conducting field surveys of buildings and structures
3.2. Inspection of the technical condition of main building structures
3.2.1. Load-bearing reinforced concrete structures
3.2.2. Load-bearing metal structures
3.2.3. Exterior walls
3.2.4. Coatings
3.2.5. Floors
3.2.6. Translucent fences
3.2.7. Foundation and foundations
3.2.8. Long-term instrumental observations of the development of deformations, foundation settlement and groundwater regime
3.2.9. One-time instrumental measurements of structural deformations and other quantities and technical means for measurements
3.2.10. Crane tracks
Appendix 1. List of guidance and information materials on the operation and repair of buildings and structures of energy enterprises
Appendix 2. Approximate list of main production buildings of energy enterprises
Appendix 3. Approximate list of main production facilities of energy enterprises
Appendix 4. Technical inspection log of building structures of buildings and structures
Appendix 5. Workshop logbook for technical inspection of building structures of buildings and structures
Appendix 6. General technical inspection report of industrial buildings and structures
Appendix 7. Technical inspection log of the territory
Appendix 8. Approximate frequency of major repairs of industrial buildings
Appendix 9. Approximate frequency of major repairs of structural elements of industrial buildings and engineering equipment
Appendix 10. Approximate frequency of major repairs of structures
Appendix 11. Application plan for major repairs of industrial buildings and structures
Appendix 12. Plan for major repairs of industrial buildings and structures
Appendix 13. Time frames for troubleshooting during unforeseen routine repairs of individual parts of industrial buildings, structures and engineering equipment
Appendix 14. Recommendations for drawing up estimate documentation for major repairs of industrial buildings and structures
Appendix 15. Inventory of work on current repairs
Appendix 16. List of volumes of repair work for major (current) repairs
Appendix 17. Calculation of the need for general construction materials, structures, parts and semi-finished products for the repair and maintenance needs of industrial buildings and structures