In the life of the owner of a private house, there are many such trifles that a resident of a city apartment does not even know about, one of which is drainage pump. This device is used for pumping water: from a pond, pool, fountain, basement. Although it is not used every day, it is indispensable. On the Internet and in stores you can find thousands of offers for the purchase of a drainage pump. Various companies offer equipment that differs appearance, dimensions and specifications. This article will help choose a drain pump which will exactly match your requirements. Right choice will not only extend the life of the equipment, but also save money by avoiding overpayment for unnecessary functions.

Why is a sump pump needed?

You need to start with this question, because in order to know the necessary technical specifications and the functions of the device, it is necessary to understand what task it performs and in what conditions it will work. There can be many situations when a drainage pump is needed. Here are the most typical ones:

• Drain the fountain tank for repairs;
• Pump out rain or melt water from the drainage well;
• After a pipe break, water has to be pumped out of the basement;
• The cellar was flooded with spring floods - it is necessary to remove the water;
• To irrigate the site, you need to pump water from the nearest natural reservoir.

As already mentioned, this pump is used to pump out water - clean water. The above cases assume that the water is relatively clean and does not contain large amounts of large particles, silt, sand or dirt. Otherwise, you will have to purchase a fecal pump - but this is a different type of equipment.

Manufacturers of some types of drainage pumps indicate in the technical specifications that the pump can pump dirty water. It also determines the size of the particles that the equipment is able to filter. If you intend to pump contaminated water, you need to purchase just such a pump. But you can not abuse the filtering capabilities - this can disable the equipment.

What are drainage pumps

All such pumping equipment can be conditionally divided into two large groups:

• Surface pumps;
• Submersible pumps.

Surface pumps are not demanding in installation: the equipment is installed on any flat surface near the tank with which it is connected drainage pipe. It is capable of pumping water from a shallow depth, up to 10 m. Maintenance is quite simple and includes cleaning and lubricating parts. A significant disadvantage of this pump is the noise of operation.

Submersible pumps, as the name implies, are partially or completely submerged in water in the working position. They do not require complex installation, due to their small size and weight they are easy to carry, so submersible pump will cope with any task of drainage in any place of your house or yard. It is easy to operate and maintain, reliable and durable. The advantage of this equipment is its noiselessness. Often submersible pumps are able to pump water from a greater depth than surface pumps. For domestic purposes, this type of equipment is most often used.

Device and principle of operation

The submersible drainage pump has a monoblock structure. An electric motor and a pump unit are placed in a hermetically sealed case made of plastic or stainless steel. The electric motor rotates the impeller, which creates a vacuum in the pump assembly, which leads to the movement of the liquid.

The impeller is in constant contact with water, so the material from which it is made is important. The impeller blades can be made of stainless steel or polymer. Traditionally, metal blades are considered more durable and more expensive. What you choose depends on the operating conditions of the pump in your area. For frequent operation and pumping large volumes, it is better choose a drain pump with steel blades.

To protect the electrical part, the pump is equipped with a float switch and a temperature relay. The float switch monitors the level of the working fluid and controls the pump: at the maximum level it turns on, and at the minimum it turns off. This protects the pump from emergency running dry. The temperature switch monitors the heating of the engine and, when the critical temperature is reached, disconnects the pump from the power supply, preventing the motor from overheating.

Pump selection according to technical characteristics

Drainage pumps are characterized by two main parameters: pressure and performance. Let's start with the choice of performance, or, as it is otherwise called, throughput. This parameter indicates the ability of the drainage pump to pump out a certain volume of liquid per unit time and is measured in cubic meters per hour (m 3 / h). You should choose, focusing on the maximum load. For example, the pump will be used to pump water from a drainage well with a diameter of 1.5 meters and a depth of 6 meters. By mathematical calculations, we determine the volume of the well, which is about 10 m 3. At maximum load, the entire volume of liquid must be pumped out in 2 hours. Dividing the volume by the time, we obtain the estimated pump capacity - 5 m 3 / h. If the pump successfully copes with its task at maximum load, then it will cope with simpler tasks even more so.

Now we will select the drainage pump by pressure. This value characterizes the ability of the pump to raise water to a height and is measured in meters (m). If, according to the passport, the pump head is 10 meters, then it can raise water to a height of no more than 10 meters. When determining the magnitude of the pressure, one should take into account not only the vertical water supply system, but also the horizontal one, because energy is also spent on pumping water through horizontally laid pipes, although in a much smaller amount. The approximate ratio of pressure in the horizontal plane is as follows: in order to pump water through 10 meters of a horizontal pipe, 1 meter of pressure is needed.

In our case, the submersible drainage pump is installed at a depth of 6 meters, and the water is discharged into the rain sewer, the receiver of which is located at a distance of 20 meters from the drainage well. To raise water to the surface, a pressure of 6 meters is required, and to pump it into a rain sewer - 2 meters (remember the ratio of 10 meters of a horizontal pipe to 1 meter of pressure). So, to complete our task, the pump must have a head of 8 meters.

Conclusion: based on the calculated value of productivity and pressure, for specific conditions of maximum load on the equipment, you should choose a drainage pump with a capacity of 5 m 3 / h and a pressure of 8 meters. If you choose a pump with a lower capacity, it will not cope with the task of pumping out water within a given time, and if you make a mistake in choosing the pressure value, then the pump will not be able to raise water to the desired height.

What else you need to consider when operating a drainage pump

In order for the dirt that has settled to the bottom not to clog the parts of the pump, it should be installed at a certain distance from the bottom. If the pump is going to be constantly used for pumping dirty water, equipment with a top intake can be purchased. This will allow you to disassemble the pump less often and clean the filter element, and will also have a positive effect on the duration of the unit.

When buying a drain pump, keep in mind that ordinary garden hoses will not fit it, since the diameter of the pump outlet is usually larger than the diameter of the garden hose. So, when purchasing a pump, you should take care to purchase a hose of the right size.

The purchase of a drainage pump allows you to solve many problems that face the owners of private houses. In addition, this equipment is not expensive. Pumps of domestic firms are traditionally a little cheaper than imported ones. When purchasing a drainage pump, be guided by the compliance with the technical specifications and reputation of the manufacturer. In this case, the purchased equipment will faithfully serve for many years.

No one will argue that water is vital for a person. However, there are times when it causes a lot of trouble. During the period of snowmelt or heavy rains, excess water can cause a lot of damage to buildings, washing away the foundation and flooding basements. An indispensable assistant in such a situation can serve as a drainage pump. With its help, it is not difficult to pump out excess water, even with a certain degree of pollution.

Therefore, such a unit is indispensable in the suburban economy. In addition, it can be used to pump water from any reservoir, whether it be a pool or a pit. Therefore, when purchasing a unit, it is worth considering how to choose a drainage pump so that it performs all the tasks with maximum efficiency.

The main components of the drainage pump

If you don’t particularly “dig” into the mechanism, the drainage pump device consists of an engine and a pump assembly, which are placed in a sealed housing.

It is made mainly of stainless steel or fairly durable plastic. The impeller of the engine is equipped with blades and fixed on the rotor shaft.

The size of the openings of the suction grate determines the maximum size of solid particles allowed to be contained in the pumped medium.

The pump unit sucks water through special holes, the diameter of which determines the maximum size of solid particles allowed to be contained in the pumped liquid. Most manufactured pumps are equipped with a float switch.

If you want to know how a sump pump works, watch the video of the process.

Such units can be used for both domestic and industrial work. Before deciding which drainage pump to choose, you need to find out the preferential conditions of use. This is necessary in order to determine the configuration of the mechanism. The main characteristics that you should pay attention to when choosing a drainage pump are:

• finding the suction hole; For professional units, this feature is unimportant. They can be placed in any position. For household pumps, it is better if the hole is located at the bottom. This will allow maximum pumping of water from the bottom of the tank.
• pump housing; For industrial applications, mechanisms with a cast-iron body are produced. They are quite reliable, but have a lot of weight. Household pumps due to the body made of steel or plastic are more compact and light. However, they have sufficient power to perform their functions.
• working chamber; For pumping water without impurities, its size is unimportant. For liquids containing large fractions, the size of the working chamber must be wide enough for their passage. Otherwise, the mechanism of the unit may be damaged.
• unit design; industrial models have a more complex design, which requires the involvement of a specialist for filter replacement and maintenance. Maintenance of household pumps is carried out independently.
• suction device; centrifugal mechanism for suction allows the pump to be used for pumping water with solids without reducing power.

What material should the parts and body be made of?

This is an important characteristic for such a unit. Not only the price of the pump depends on it, but also the reliability and service life of it. According to the material of manufacture, pumps are:

• completely plastic; They are the least durable, but are cheaper than other analogues.
• plastic with stainless steel operating mechanism; Thanks to this, the wheel of the unit is not exposed to aggressive environments and corrosion.
• stainless steel or cast iron; Leading the rating of drainage pumps in terms of durability due to the resistance of all parts to any damage.

Blade-type units are divided according to the material from which the parts are made. The blades for the pump are made:

• stainless steel; cheaper option.
• technopolymer, which is more resistant to corrosion and wear, but also more expensive.

Classification by installation method

According to the installation method, drainage pumps are divided into:

• superficial; They pump out water even from great depths. They are mainly used in pumping stations for connection to a well or well.
• semi-submersible; The body of the unit is partially immersed in the pumped liquid. It is used for pumping water from cellars or small reservoirs.
• submersible; The pump is completely immersed in the pumped medium. Used to drain pools and basements.

Devices that extend the life of the pump

During the operation of the drain pump, the engine may overheat, which is fraught with damage to the unit. Also, its operation at a too low level of the pumped medium affects the service life of the mechanism. A thermal relay will help to avoid overheating of the engine, turning off the unit when the temperature is exceeded.

The drain pump with a built-in float switches off automatically when the liquid drops during pumping. It can also turn on automatically when the room is filled with water. This will help to avoid significant flooding in the absence of owners during the flood.

Switching on and off sensors in pumps with an aquasensor control the operating mode of the unit, the devices are regulated independently of each other

Developments in this area do not stand still, and units with the new aquasensor technology are already on sale. Thanks to the regulator, you can set the required allowable water level to turn the unit on and off. In this case, the minimum level can be set to 5 mm. Such pumps can be installed in narrow tanks where the operation of a float switch is not possible.

What are the specifications to focus on?

Performance is the most important aspect

To determine the required pump performance, it is necessary to find out the scope of the proposed actions. That is, how much water must be pumped out in a certain period of time. For example, household drainage pumps are capable of pumping out no more than 180 liters per minute. For the tasks of pumping excess water from the basement or draining the pool, such pumps are quite suitable.

However, you need to be aware that the higher the upper reset point, the greater the loss in performance.

Required device pressure

To calculate the pressure required to perform a specific task, you need to know the height and distance over which water is supplied. Height is defined as the distance between the submerged level of the pump and the point where the water exits the nozzle. This takes into account that there is a loss of one meter of pressure for every ten meters of hoses or pipelines.

Pump selection depending on the pumped medium

Each pump has a specific specification, which indicates the size of the impurities contained in the water, which this unit is able to pass without reducing performance.

If the aggregates are distributed according to these characteristics, we obtain the permissible size of impurities:

• up to 5 mm; used for clean or lightly contaminated liquids. Suitable for drainage of rain tanks, pools.
• 5-25 mm; It is used for medium contaminated liquids with impurities not exceeding 25 mm. With their help drain pits or wells.

25-38mm

; Used for dirty, rain and melt water.

For dirty water, pumps are used that allow impurity sizes from 25 to 38 mm

Typically, household drainage pumps for water are used in environments with a temperature of no more than 40º. Therefore, they are not suitable for pumping hot water. For such functions, industrial units are chosen that can even cope with such a task.

On the market, drainage pumps for summer cottages are presented in a wide range. Therefore, if you need to perform several tasks: drain the pool and pump out water from the basement, you do not need to purchase a unit for each process separately. It is enough to choose one, but a reliable pump. In this case, you should focus on the most time-consuming of the processes.

Drainage pumps pump out water for us from pits, low-yield wells, basements, tanks for irrigation and cleaning of territories. On a suburban area, they have a lot of important functions that drainers can handle only with proper selection. Agree, there is little benefit from a device that is not used due to technical limitations.

We tell readers of the site in detail how to choose a drainage pump. We analyze what kind is required to perform a certain job. Here you will learn all the subtleties and technical criteria, according to which a suitable drainage pump model is determined.

The article presented for review lists all the factors that ensure an error-free choice. Popular drainage pumps are given as an example and described in detail, the quality of which has been verified by practice. The information content of the text is supplemented by photo and video applications.

Initially, these devices were created for pumping water from basements flooded with water. Later, the area of ​​​​use expanded. Modern models are designed for pumping slightly contaminated liquids from pits, wells, pools, pumping and cleaning wells.

In addition, they are used in production, include in technological process. Most devices are capable of pumping liquids with impurities of about 10 mm in size.

Drainage pumps are specific equipment designed for a rather narrow range of work. It is not recommended to use it for other purposes. Despite the fact that drainers are used in shaft wells, they are not intended for permanent work in them.

The devices cannot work as a fecal pump either, although some "craftsmen" are trying to replace them.

Drainage pumps are designed for pumping and pumping clean or slightly contaminated liquids, can be used for draining small ponds, pumping and cleaning wells

Drainage equipment can only work with lightly contaminated liquids. The amount of solid impurities, depending on the type of apparatus, varies from 3 to 40 mm.

Following the recommendations of our portal, many suburban homeowners are already on the site and know. We continue the series of articles on drainage. Last time we explained the nuances, today we will tell you how to choose the right drainage pump.

From our material you will learn:

• What is a sump pump for?
• How is it different from fecal matter?
• What are the types of drainage pumps.
• How to calculate the required amount of pressure.
• Which hose to connect.

What is a sump pump for?

Owners of suburban areas are often faced with the need for drainage. This problem is usually exacerbated in the spring - a time of heavy snowmelt. Excess water leads to flooding of the site, ditches, basements and has a detrimental effect on the root system of many plants. In this situation, a drainage pump comes to the rescue - equipment designed to pump out polluted water and sewage. With the help of a “drainer”, it is possible to drain a pit flooded by showers dug under the foundation, “throw off” excess water over the territory of the site, save the cellar from flooding, and eliminate the consequences of a pipeline break in the basement.

Moreover, as the experience of our users shows, the device will help out even if a full-fledged drainage system has not yet been installed on the site.

Barav FORUMHOUSE user, Moscow.

I needed a “drainer” to pump out water from the site and pump out a well 5 meters deep. The pump chose the most common - without the "bells and whistles". When buying it, I was guided by the principle: price-quality. Anticipating the question why I decided to pump out water to pumps, and not to equip a full-fledged drainage system on the site and, thereby, save it from flooding, I will answer: doing something trap-blunder is more expensive for yourself. I made a drainage project and calculated that the estimate would exceed 150 thousand rubles. So far, he has postponed its construction "for later", and do, like everyone else - "budget" drainage - bury money in the ground. I do not want to redo it in 2-3 years.

Guided by these principles, Barav decided as a temporary measure, before the start of full-fledged drainage, to divert water with a drainage pump. To do this, he additionally purchased a hose 25 meters long, with a section of 1 inch and a reinforced rigid hose 6 meters long, with a section of 1 ½ inches. According to our user, he had to fiddle with the connection of the hose, because. the hose did not fit on the fitting. Eventually Baravu managed to mount a system 31 meters long, with which he decided to pump out water.

He dropped the "drainer" into the deepest water spot on the site and turned it on. The result of the work is visible in the following photos.

flooded area

Working drain pump

The result of the work

Barav

I "chased" the pump in full. He pumped everything out to them - both the drainage well, and the neighbor's basement, and drains from the kitchen. He "plowed" for 5-8 hours a day all summer and autumn. Moreover, it worked so silently that I sometimes approached and checked if it turned off.

In total, the drainer worked for 7 months. This is about 800 hours and during this time it pumped about 8,000,000 liters of water, and the device had to pump out even a mixture of water and clay with sand from the pit.

Barav

I have run the pump in the most severe conditions, in very dirty water, even with "dry running", which caused it to break. The “autopsy” showed that the engine was flooded with water, which got there due to the fact that the air outlet hole was clogged (it is located under the float mount), which had to be periodically cleaned.

Despite this ending, our user decided to buy a new "drainer", but now - strictly adhere to the rules of its operation.

Basic principles for choosing a drainage pump

We know that the sump pump is designed for pumping contaminated water from ditches, pits, drainage wells, basements, etc. It would seem that now it remains only to go to the hardware store and buy it. It is here that there are several "pitfalls" that you should be aware of in advance. The first of them - the market offers a huge selection of drainage equipment. To select the device that is right for you, you need to narrow down your search criteria. To do this, you need to answer the following questions.

What is the difference between a drainage pump and a fecal pump

Indeed: both drainage and fecal are designed for pumping dirty water and sewage. Those. - liquids containing various inclusions. So why not pump out both the septic tank and the pit in the foundation pit with one. Not so simple. From the composition of effluents, their temperature, chemical composition depends on the purpose of the pump. Let's consider this aspect in more detail.

Drainage pumps designed for pumping wastewater containing solid impurities(inclusions) of a certain size - usually from 5 to 40 or more millimeters. Permissible size solid particles which can pass through the mechanism, spelled out in the instructions. To protect the mechanism from the ingress of large solid objects - stones, gravel, etc., larger than the size established by the design, the suction part of the device is protected by a metal mesh.

Fecal pump(if it is equipped with chopping knives intended only for grinding organic garbage and fibrous inclusions) is used for pumping water, free of solids, because it does not have a filter that delays such inclusions.

Most of the drainage pumps are designed for pumping water with a temperature not exceeding 35-40°C. Therefore, if the device is needed for pumping hot drains (from the kitchen, bath, bath, dishwasher), or you need to drain a basement flooded with hot water due to a breakthrough hot system water supply, it is necessary to choose a “drainer” designed to work in such “hard” conditions. Those. with a temperature that allows it to work at 70 ° C and above degrees.

It is important to take into account the chemical parameters of the pumped water. If the pump is running in aggressive environment, the materials from which it is made are subject to increased corrosion-resistant requirements. There are also drainage and fecal devices designed for pumping out fecal and waste water containing solids.

That's why Read the instructions carefully before buying - for what, in what water and what inclusions (particle size) the device can pump.

Do not try to use the "drainage" as an element of the water supply system country house, because pumps of this type do not create sufficient pressure.

Remember that submersible pumps designed to work in clean water (for supplying water from a well) are not designed to work with dirty sewage.

What are the types of drainage pumps

To simplify the choice, they can be divided into 2 groups:

1. Working on the surface.
2. Submersible.

From the names it is clear where the "drainage" works. Surface is placed next to the place of pumping water. Then to the bottom of the well or drain pit a hose is lowered through which the waste is pumped out. The device operates in automatic mode. When the liquid level rises to a certain value, due to the float (rising along with the liquid), the pump turns on and begins to pump out water. But submersible devices, as the most convenient to use, have become more widespread. They sink completely into the pumped liquid. Unlike a surface "drainer", such a pump is not afraid of precipitation and moisture, which means it is better suited to work on the site and is not affected by negative atmospheric phenomena.

Important: the submersible pump (its motor) is cooled by the liquid in which it operates. To protect against "dry running" - "work without water", submersible pumps are equipped with float switches. The float switches the device off and on when the liquid reaches a certain level.

When installing the pump, make sure that the float has a so-called. free workflow. It did not cling to the walls of the well, branches, edges of the pit, etc. Another important characteristic of the "drainer" is the level of emptying (it is prescribed in the instructions). Those. what level of water can remain at the bottom of the tank, after which the pump will stop pumping it out. This value can be ≈ 20-50 mm. A device with such parameters can be in demand if it is necessary to drain small flooded rooms and containers almost “dry”. Pumped water should not contain large abrasive particles.

What are the main criteria for choosing a drainage pump

When choosing a "drainer" you need to pay attention to two main characteristics:

1. Productivity l/min or m³/h. Those. the amount of liquid pumped in a given time.
2. Head. This value indicates to what height (height difference between the installation site and the drop point) can be pumped wastewater. This parameter affects the ability to pump wastewater over a certain distance.

Let's consider the second parameter in more detail.

xxxl FORUMHOUSE user

I want to buy a sump pump. I need it to pump water from the pool. The height of the pool is about 1 meter. Began to study specifications I liked the pump and saw this parameter: the maximum pressure is 14 meters. I want to understand what this parameter means, and how far the device can drain water.

Hence: for the calculation we need to translate the vertical into the horizontal. Approximately the horizontal head loss ratio will be 1:10. Those. 1 meter vertical head is equal to 10 m horizontal.