Fence pipes are not always concreted in order to fix the fence in front of the building, especially if you need to stretch the mesh spans. Most in a simple way the one used with the use of a sledgehammer is considered, but you only need to remember that in this case it is necessary to be above the pole.
Hammering pipes into a future fence with this method is, frankly, not a pleasant pleasure.
Technological options for installing poles
To hammer supports into the ground, you should find out the characteristics of the soil, as well as decide on the method of installation. On stable, non-moisture-saturated soils, pipes can be concreted onto the installed fence without any problems.
But a simpler and cheaper way of fixing is to drive the support metal structures. This method, for example, can be used when it is planned to install a fence from a professional pipe.
In this case, there is no need to find out how much such work costs, it is enough just to prepare a few improvised tools and invite an assistant. When deciding to install pipes on the fence alone without additional help, you can use hammering with a sledgehammer - one and a half meter poles are often hammered in this way. It is worth knowing that this option is effective during the construction of fences on low-stony soils, which may include layers of dense soil rocks.
If the supports are three meters long, then in order to drive them into the ground, you need to use a device for driving piles, popularly called the "grandmother". Thus, the pipe for your fence will be quickly and securely fixed in the ground. "Grandma" is a structure of metal elements, about a meter long, which are tightly welded and weighted up to 15-30 kg. During hammering in this way, the guide structures are located directly in the pipe - this allows you to increase the accuracy of the strike, since it must be carried out strictly along the axis.
How to make it easier to work with the "grandmother"
It is possible to facilitate the work of driving supports into the ground with the help of a “headstock” by welding long handles to the structure, which during operation are rebuilt in a convenient way as they are driven. To determine how many blows are needed for successful fixing, the pipe itself for the future fence will show, which should stand strictly vertically and not stagger. In this case, difficulty may appear only when lifting structures.
It is also important to know that the diameter of such a folk device must be larger than the size of the pole to be driven. Otherwise, the pipe on the future fence will not be securely fixed.
It is possible to simplify the method of driving a fence pipe using a “headstock” by installing an additional tripod, to which a block is welded, which makes it easier to lift the device for driving using a rope.
The result will be strictly vertically clogged pipes for your fence. The process of clogging in this case is simple - the tool rises as high as possible, and then falls down with effort.
How to make a "babu" yourself?
Before hammering pipes onto your fence, you should familiarize yourself with the method of constructing the “headstock” itself. Initially, a circle is inserted into the pipe, which will be comparable in diameter to itself. Next, the circle needs to be weighted to about 20 kg by welding scraps of metal and other things. Make handles for convenience from dense rods, up to 1 m long, or weld thin tubes in the form of handles to the circle. Such a homemade handle can be wrapped with electrical tape before use.
That is, shortly before hammering pipes onto the fence, take care of the preparation of improvised means that you choose yourself, based on your strengths and knowledge. It is also possible to hammer pipes onto any fence with a sledgehammer if it is not possible to build a “grandmother”, but with this method, we repeat, it will take a long time and diligently to drive them in, spending your strength. Not without frequent breaks.
The length of the pipes for the proposed fence is also essential. If the supports are at least 2.5 m, then hammering them with a sledgehammer is not rational, therefore, it is recommended to strengthen any pipe on the fence using a folk device for hammering, which helps to bring the support to desired depth faster and easier. It is much more effective to overcome soil resistance if there is a “headstock” that deepens the support step by step firmly and reliably.
The reliability and durability of any fence largely depends on how correctly the supports of the structure were set up and fixed. The installation of fence posts requires thorough preparation of a well or pit and careful alignment of the position of the supports during the assembly of the supporting frame. It is even more difficult to place fence posts on clay or to hammer supports in rocky soil filled with rock fragments, although such soil would ideally fit under the foundation.
Conditions for installing fence posts
In the fence device, the poles are the main power element that holds the entire mass of the structure in a vertical position. Depending on the material used to make the frame and fence, the load on one post can vary from 40 to 120 kg. If we add a high windage of the fence canvas, it becomes clear that the requirements for the pole must be quite stringent:
- Ensuring maximum strength column support to the bend. For right choice section, you need to know the maximum wind speed in the area. For example, with a not very strong wind of 15 m / s, a load of 130-140 kg falls on a solid vertical fence canvas, so the support must be massive enough, and it must be hammered to a considerable depth;
- For heaving soils, the pillars are clogged or buried below the freezing point of the soil. With a significant level of water occurrence, you can limit yourself to a pit or a well to a depth of 1/3 of the height of the pole for a picket fence and rack fences, and ½ for fences with a solid canvas;
- For soft watered soils around the point of penetration of the support into the soil, experts recommend making a transitional area in the form of a blind area, laying out a mini-foundation of bricks or casting from concrete.
For your information! The use of a concrete collar makes it possible to increase the rigidity of the post in the ground by an order of magnitude, even if it is hammered to a depth less than the recommended value.
In addition to the speed of installation and strength, the second, but no less important criterion for the high-quality installation of poles is to ensure the most accurate positioning of the supports in height, along the contour line and deviation from the vertical position.
Easiest to use building level, plumb line and marking cord. Such a set allows you to simultaneously score a post and periodically control the height and deviation from the vertical. Experts recommend clogging the pipe and performing level control every 100-150 mm of the support settlement.
If a pillar or support is not supposed to be hammered in, but to be dug in, more complex devices can be used, for example, such as in the photo.
One of the homemade devices that help to score and control deviation is shown in the video:
For straight sections of fences of great length, it is recommended to use a geo-leveler, which gives high positioning accuracy. Cords when driving supports on a segment of more than 15 m give an error of 50-70 mm, which, for example, is unacceptable for laying a sheet from a profiled sheet, since the error is visible to the naked eye.
Pole installation methods
Today there is no universal technology that allows you to drive any type of support into weak or strong soil. The second factor is the cost, you can, of course, put supports or drive piles using construction methods, but in this case their installation will be more expensive than the entire fence. Therefore, when choosing a method of how to put the supports, you have to look for a reasonable balance between price and strength, based on the material, the size of the supporting elements and the amount of work.
Fence supports are installed in the ground in three ways:
- Steel profiles or pipes are hammered or screwed into the ground under great mechanical force;
- They dig into a pre-drilled well, a pit with reinforcement of the base with gravel, rubble stone or concreting;
- In a combined way, using the methods of motorized drilling and tie-in supports.
For your information! The latter method is most widely used for installing a large number of steel tubular poles of increased diameter. The combined method allows you to get rid of the use of concreting, which significantly increases the speed of installation of the fence.
How to score fence posts in a combined way
For tubular poles of small cross section, it is easiest to drive a steel profile into the ground using a lining or a sledgehammer. This is the most productive and rough way to install supports. They hammer the support with a team of at least two or three people. One worker fixes the support at the point, the second and third in turn upset the profile stand with sledgehammer blows on the upper edge. A free or resting member of the team periodically checks the deflection of the post using a building level.
The combined pole installation process is carried out in several stages. After marking and cleaning the installation site from sod, before hammering the support, a hole of a smaller diameter is drilled at the point, to a depth of 2/3 of the calculated depth of the column, but not less than 30-40 cm.
This method of preparation helps to clog the pipe even in the most difficult soil. In addition, ground resistance is minimized to facilitate initial vertical alignment of the pipe.
The higher the posts have to be set, the more difficult it is to hammer the support posts with a sledgehammer. A standard two-meter fence will require a pipe up to three meters long. Even taking into account the preliminary well, the height is rather big, and it becomes inconvenient to score with blows on the end part of the support.
It is much easier to work with headstock hammers, with which you can drive a post of any height, from one to five meters. The system consists of two parts. The first, in the form of a massive steel clamp, is rigidly attached to a tubular support, the second, made in the form of a heavy steel headstock, is simply put on the pipe. As the pipe sinks under the blows of the headstock on the clamp, the latter has to be rearranged and hammered until it is completely settled.
The most difficult and longest thing is to hammer a tubular profile of a square section. First of all, due to the uneven deflection of the column and deviation from the vertical as it sinks into the ground. If you need to score a large number of squares, in some cases it makes sense to use conductors or guides.
Small and thin pipes can be hammered with an electric jackhammer. At the same time, the speed and quality of immersion into the soil increases by an order of magnitude.
How to dig fence posts
The process of installing a pole with the help of digging in requires much more effort and time. But, unlike “hammered” supports, dug-in posts can be aligned almost perfectly, which, in turn, provides a very flat surface for the fence canvas.
The standard method of instillation involves drilling a well with a diameter of at least 20-25 cm. The depth of the well is chosen below the level of heaving of the soil. A gravel cushion is poured to the bottom of the well, the walls are laid out with a layer of roofing material. A pillar made of metal or wooden beams is installed in a pit and fixed with props aligned with the building level.
The post can be fixed by pouring concrete, rubble stone or compacted gravel. Fixing crushed stone backfill can be combined with concrete pouring. In this case, the gravel is moistened with concrete mortar and carefully rammed in layers. At the head of the well, concrete is poured with a layer 20-25 cm thick.
To increase the stability of the support in front of heaving forces, on the end steel pipe weld a steel plate or a cross from pieces of a corner.
Conclusion
The fastest way to drive posts under a future fence is to use ready-made screw piles or geo-screws. The disadvantages of this method include the high cost of the piles themselves, each support will cost at least 1000 rubles. Since the load on the pipe from the weight of the fence is an order of magnitude less than the calculated value, in many cases such supports are made independently by welding two cutting knives to the end of the pipe. It will take a maximum of two hours to install such a fence post.
Building a fence for your home is just as important a building process as building the house itself. For a reliable fence design that can withstand the weight of heavy materials, temperature changes in the soil and the impact of strong winds, it is necessary to lay an appropriate foundation. In case of improper strengthening of the supporting structures of the fence, you may encounter such unpleasant moments as deformation or destruction of the building. To prevent this from happening, you need to determine how to properly install the pillars.
How to install fence posts: advantages and disadvantages of installation methods
Any installation of support posts for a fence involves their deepening into the soil. To make this process less costly and quick, many owners prefer to drive them into the ground. In some cases, such a decision is quite justified, but it should be borne in mind that such actions may be initially wrong. In order to avoid such mistakes, one should: determine the quality and composition of the soil on the site being built up, the location and level of groundwater rise, as well as the freezing point. This moment is of great importance, since an incorrectly chosen base for the fence will lead to deformation of the building, and in the worst case, its destruction.
Soil with a high content of sand, during rains or after snow melts, can move, forming cracks or landslides. In this case, it is recommended to use screw piles as fence posts. They are screwed into the soil to a depth below the freezing point.
The high content of clay and sandy loam in the soil contributes to deep freezing of the soil, and makes it unstable. Pillars cannot be concreted in such soil, since when frost sets in, the clay base tends to expand. As a result, it will be squeezed out, from which it is clear that the fence will deform and lose its original appearance. The impact of weather precipitation on this soil entails the formation of quicksand. Therefore, as in the first case, this soil requires the installation of screw piles.
The soil, which contains a large amount of gravel, is not subject to deep freezing and displacement under the influence of moisture. This soil is ideal for concreting posts.
Solid stone soil or rock has similar properties, with the only difference being that it is harder. When building a fence on such a site, you can use all types of foundations, except for pile foundations.
When making a final decision on the installation of pillars, one should rely not only on the properties of the soil, but also on knowledge of the advantages and disadvantages of each of the methods.
Let's try to understand these nuances in more detail.
When choosing a method of driving into the soil for the installation of poles, the following must be considered:
- if the future structure will have a lot of weight, then the building will shrink;
- it is necessary to carry out installation in stony soil carefully so that the pipes do not fall on large stones.
Table: pole mounting methods
| Pillar driving | |
| The advantages of using the method of driving pillars include the following criteria: | As negative criteria for this method, the following can be distinguished: |
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| Pillar concreting | |
| Concreting as an installation method has a number of advantages: | The presence of such a number of positive criteria still does not exclude the negative aspects of this method, which include: |
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Considering the above nuances, it should be said that the final decision on the choice of methods for installing fence posts depends on: the quality and properties of the soil, the groundwater level and freezing point, financial capabilities, the availability of the required material, and customer preferences.
How far apart are the poles?
The distance between the posts is made in the range from 2 to 3 m. These parameters depend on the material from which the posts and sections of the fence are made. You should not exceed the distance of 3 m between the supports, as the installed canvas in the sections will sag. This fact most of all concerns a fence made of chain-link mesh and wood. The optimal distance for this is from 2 to 2.5 m. In this case, regardless of the material, the load on the canvas and poles will be evenly distributed.
We hammer in the pillars
The driving of pillars is their deepening into the soil by hitting the upper end, using a sledgehammer or special devices and equipment designed for this purpose.
This method of installation justifies itself in the construction of relatively light fence structures - with a chain-link mesh or a wooden picket fence.
There are three ways to drive posts into the ground:
- Using a sledgehammer.
- Using a special device, popularly called "grandmother".
- Using a construction tool - a hydraulic or gasoline powered pile driver.
It should be noted that before any method of driving a post into the ground, the following rules must be followed:
- Pillars must be buried in the soil to a depth of at least 120–140 cm.
- The installation of pillars must begin with the extreme supports. They will serve as guides, as the rest of the pillars will be equal to them. To do this, a stretched cord is tied to them.
- In the process of installing the support, you should not be strongly along the upper end so that it does not deepen more than required. Pulling the pole is much more difficult than gently hitting it several times.
- It must be remembered that from strong blows the column can be deformed.
Hitting with a sledgehammer. This method is most often used to install low poles up to 150 cm long. To prevent the metal pole from deforming, a thick longing is placed on its end, which is struck.
This method is quite simple, but requires great physical strength. While working with a sledgehammer, there is a risk of the column being skewed from impacts. In this regard, it is more convenient to work together - one person holds the pole, the other strikes with a sledgehammer. It is necessary to periodically check the column for verticality. To do this, use the building level or plumb.
Another effective method for driving pipes into the ground - the headstock tool. This is a home-made device, which is a weighted piece of pipe with handles, put on a metal pole for applying tamping blows.
To make this tool you need:
- From a pipe with a diameter greater than the diameter of the column, cut a fragment 100 cm long.
- Weld a metal circle to the end of one of the sides, to which add a load of lead or other heavy material. The heavier the tool, the easier it is to hammer the posts. The optimal weight of this device is between 10 and 30 kg.
- To the outer surface from opposite sides, weld two handles.
Use the tool as follows:
- the pole is installed in the intended place;
- the tool is put on the upper end of the support;
- using the handles, the device is lifted and released by hitting the end of the column;
- a metal pole under the influence of blows deepens into the ground.
Using the headstock makes the installation more accurate, unlike working with a sledgehammer. This is characterized by the fact that the tool does not need to be aimed, but only raised and released on the installed post. This ensures the minimum degree of deflection upon impact.
The pile driver is a professional tool designed to lift and install piles at fixed points. This tool is manual, self-propelled and non-self-propelled. The installation speed of poles using this device is very high. With the help of a copra, you can not only hammer poles, but also pull them out of the ground.
Preparatory work: the choice of material for the pillars, tips for choosing, calculating the quantity
Tree
The use of wood for poles is a traditional solution, as it is quite affordable in some regions. The shape of the log, even without special processing, is suitable for use as fence posts. In the central regions of our country, installing fence posts made of this material is an expensive pleasure. In addition, not every tree species is suitable for this purpose.
All elements of the fence will be exposed to adverse natural conditions such as: critical temperature changes, high humidity or drying out, damage by mold fungi and wood-boring insects. Therefore, wood requires pre-treatment with antiseptics and antifungal impregnations.
Given these nuances, the following are most suitable for fence posts: oak, pine, larch, ash. Spruce and fir wood has similar properties.
Tip: you should not make supports from birch, linden, aspen and alder, as these are softwoods.
Metal
Along with wood, metal poles are very popular. This material wins in the ratio price - quality. They go on sale in a large assortment, and differ in cross-sectional diameter, wall thickness, alloys, length and shape. To install metal supports, it is convenient to use pipes with a square section, with a width of each side - 6 cm, a wall thickness of at least 2 mm. When choosing the dimensions of a profile pipe, preference should be given to a material of a larger diameter and cross section. This will provide additional resistance of the fence to mechanical and natural influences. The shape of such pipes provides convenient installation of the chain-link mesh, fastening of metal plates for longitudinal lags. If such material was not found, then pipes with a circular cross section are used with the same success. Metal supports are convenient because, with a small pipe width, they are able to withstand relatively heavy structures.
Tip: the upper ends of the pipes must be welded so that water does not get inside them, causing corrosion of the metal.
Concrete and asbestos-cement pipes
For the construction of fence posts, asbestos-cement pipes and concrete are also used. Due to their characteristics, these materials are used only for certain types of fences. It is inconvenient to mount sections on supports made of asbestos-cement pipes. If moisture gets inside such a pipe, then at a low temperature the water will expand. As a result, the pipe will burst at the site of freezing. Asbestos-cement pipes are convenient as an insulating material or formwork for a columnar foundation. If we talk about concrete pillars, then they are heavy, require laying a solid foundation, and are not suitable for all types of soil. Most often they are used in the construction of fences with heavy structures.
Tip: in the manufacture of concrete pillars, proven compositions for mixtures should be selected. Otherwise, the column will become covered with cracks or begin to crumble.
Brick
Brick pillars look beautiful, but their construction requires knowledge of the construction business and the skills of a mason. It should be taken into account that brickwork The column must be erected around a profile pipe installed in the middle of its base. If you hire specialists to install such pillars, you will have to pay a considerable amount for their services.
Brick pillars require installation a solid foundation. As such, a columnar, tape and tape-column foundation is used.
This material is durable, but this property depends on the correct installation. Otherwise, such a pole will warp after a few years. To correct this defect, the pillars will have to be reconstructed.
Material calculation
In order not to make extra cash costs, it is necessary to calculate the building material for the construction of the pillar. How to calculate the exact number of pipes, concrete, wood and bricks?
When calculating the length of wooden poles, it should be taken into account that about 100-120 cm of the support should be buried in the base. If the height of the fence is 200 cm, then the total length of one log for the post is: 200+120=320 cm. For example, 18 posts will be provided in the fence, therefore: 320∙18=5760 running meters of material. In the same way, the calculation is made for profiled pipes.
To calculate the volume of the mixture for the manufacture of concrete pillars, it is necessary to do calculations using the geometric formula for finding the volume of a cube, which looks like this: V \u003d h³, where h is the multiplied values \u200b\u200bof the length, width and height of the column. If the concrete support has a length and width of 150 mm each, and its height is 2700 mm, then according to the formula: 0.15∙0.15∙2.7=0.06 m³ of concrete mixture is required for the manufacture of one column. If there are 18 pillars in the fence, then: 0.06∙18=1.08 m³ of concrete mix for all pillars.
To calculate the required number of bricks for eighteen pillars 200 cm high, you need to use the parameters of this building material. Let's say the pillar will be built from one and a half hollow red bricks, 250x120x88 mm in size. 4 bricks will be laid in one row. For calculations, you only need a material width of 88 mm. Now you need to set how many rows you need to lay out to get a column 200 cm high. We make the calculation: 200: 8.8 = 22.7 rows. Since there are 4 bricks in one row, then: 22.7 ∙ 4 \u003d 90.8 bricks are needed to build one pillar. Now it is easy to calculate how many bricks are required for 18 pillars: 90.8∙18=1634.4 pieces.
Required Tools
To drive the posts into the ground, you will need the following tools:
- Sledgehammer or hydraulic hammer.
- Electric drill.
- Cord.
- Building level and plumb.
- Yardstick.
- Molar brush.
- Sandpaper or grinder.
- Concrete mixer.
- Solution containers.
Instructions for installing fence posts with your own hands by driving into the ground
Before all land works, it is necessary to clear the built-up area, free it from debris and irregularities.
- On the selected site, make markings with dots for driving each post. In order for the pillars to be located strictly in one line, you need to use a stretched cord and stakes. The distance between the supports should be no more than 200–250 cm, since a large value will create a critical windage of the fence, which will create a threat of deformation of the fence in strong winds.
- If wooden supports are to be installed, then it is more convenient to use driving tips for their installation. To do this, drive in the driving rods into the first and last mark for the pillars. Then, insert the posts into the slots. Using a building level or plumb line, align the posts. So that they are located perpendicular to the base.
- Using an electric drill, fix the supports in the driving tips.
- Tie a stretched cord to the top edge of the poles. This will help to install the following supports in one line.
- When installing metal poles, it is more convenient to work together. In this case, one person will hit the end of the support, and the second will hold it. If the height of the pipe to be driven is inconvenient for working with a sledgehammer, a headstock tool or a hydraulic pile driver should be used.
- The post driving depth must be at least 120 cm. If construction works are made on soft or unstable soils, then the depth should be increased to 150 cm. In such cases, it is better to use metal screw piles that are tightly screwed into the soil.
- After deepening the pipe into the ground, it is necessary to check its verticality. In case of deviation, use a crowbar as a lever.
- When the pillars are installed, you can proceed with the installation of the fence canvas or the installation of sections.
Is processing required and how?
The metal part of the post, which will be immersed in the ground, must be protected from moisture. If this is not done, the water will corrode the metal. Bitumen, anti-corrosion compound or ordinary paint will serve as a waterproofing layer. First you need to clean the surface of the pipe with a metal brush. Then you need to cover the surface with waterproofing material. To do this, you can use hydroisolone, which is asbestos paper impregnated with bitumen with the addition of polymer compounds and cellulose.
You can also use geotextile, which has the appearance of a durable fabric with good waterproofing qualities. This material is wrapped around the desired section of the pipes.
A modern way to protect metal surfaces is cold galvanizing, which is based on an epoxy or polystyrene base. This method is not cheap, but effective. To protect the metal, it is necessary to use a roller or brush with which this material is applied. As a result, a dense layer is formed that does not allow moisture to pass through.
Wooden poles also require special processing. Unlike metal supports, they are prone to rotting. To avoid this, you need to use special antifungal compounds and antiseptic impregnations. Penetrating impregnations are more effective. The following wood impregnations are the most popular:
- Aidol Langzeit-Lasur;
- Senezh Ecobio;
- Belinka Interior Sauna.
Senezh Ecobio can be combined with varnish and paint. Pyrilax impregnation reliably protects wood from fire. Good protection against wood-boring organisms are impregnations:
- Akvalak Bor;
- Poliex Woodpecker;
- Aquatex.
The part of the column that will be immersed in the ground requires additional processing from moisture. To do this, you can paint the required part of the column in several layers.
Some builders are of the opinion that it is better to burn the log and wrap it with roofing material. However, this method does not always justify itself.
If it is necessary to qualitatively isolate the underground part of the column, then the best way for this will be the use of liquid bitumen. This material must be warmed up before use. Then, using a molar brush or roller, apply insulation to the supports. When solidified, a reliable waterproofing layer resembling dense rubber is formed. Such protection allows you to save wood for 25-30 years.
For pillars made of red or facing bricks, impregnations for brick surfaces are used. As a result of application, a layer in the form of a thin film is formed on the surface, protecting the column from cracks and destruction. The same result can be achieved by painting a brick or concrete pillar.
We concrete the pillars
Concreting of fence supports is their strengthening with the help of a concrete mixture and bulk material. This method is more expensive, but its use, in some cases, may be the only way out of the situation. The concreting of the pillars makes the fence stable in unstable soils. This process differs from the previous one in that the poles are installed in pre-prepared pits, in which the bottom is packed with sand and gravel. Then the supports are poured with concrete mixture.
At proper organization construction process, a fence with poles installed in this way will last more than 50 years.
It should be noted that fence posts can be concreted in whole or in part.
- With partial concreting of the support, it is necessary to fill the bottom of the pit with a concrete mixture by 20–25 cm. Then insert the post to the bottom of the pit. Pour gravel and broken brick into the space between the support and the walls of the hole so that this layer does not reach top level pits by 15–20 cm. Pour the remaining space with a concrete mixture. Using partial pouring, you will significantly reduce the cost of expensive concrete. This method can be used to install poles in weak soils and in places with a shallow water table.
- With full concreting, the bottom of the pit is rammed with loose material to form a uniform layer 10–15 cm thick. Then a post is installed in the hole. Depending on the material, it can be driven a little into the bottom - this is more suitable for metal poles. Then the space around the support is filled with concrete mix. After full pouring, it is important to rid the concrete of air bubbles. To do this, the unhardened mixture is stirred with a reinforcing bar.
Preparatory work, selection of materials and calculations (with examples)
To install supports in this way, metal pipes, wooden logs and ready-made concrete pillars are used. Pre-processing and calculation required amount material, similar to the previous method. It is necessary to understand in more detail the required volume of concrete for laying the foundation. The capital foundation for fence posts may not be limited to just pouring the mixture into the holes. As such, a columnar-strip foundation is used. Due to its specific form, this base requires high-quality mathematical calculations. The image shows that the foundation consists of simple geometric shapes - a cylinder, a cube and a parallelepiped. We need to find the volume of each of them.
First, find the volume of the cube. In our case, it is located under each support, and has dimensions of 40x40x40 cm. To calculate this value, you must use the geometric formula for finding the volume of a cube. We already used it when we did the calculation for the manufacture of concrete pillars. To do this, you need to multiply all the values of the cube: 0.4 ∙ 0.4 ∙ 0.4 \u003d 0.06 m³. Since there will be 18 supports in the proposed fence, then: 0.06 ∙ 18 \u003d 1.08 m³.
Now we calculate the volume of the cylinder using the corresponding geometric formula: V=πR²h, where π is a mathematical value equal to 3.14, R² is the radius, h is the height of the figure. Let's substitute the values: 3.14∙0.2∙0.7=0.43 m³. For eighteen pillars you need: 0.43 ∙ 18 \u003d 7.74 m³.
Now we do the calculation of the volume for the parallelepiped. It should be borne in mind that between 18 pillars there will be 17 such figures. For calculations, we use the formula for finding the volume of a cube by multiplying the length, height and width. Let's substitute the values: 0.3∙0.4∙2.15=0.25 m³. We multiply for all gaps: 0.25 ∙ 17 \u003d 4.25 m³.
Now you need to find out the total amount of concrete mixture needed to make a column-strip foundation for fence posts. To do this, it is required to add the obtained values \u200b\u200bfrom the calculations of all figures: 1.08 + 7.74 + 4.25 \u003d 13.07 m³.
Required Tools
The following tools are required for concreting or installing a strip-column foundation:
- Bayonet and shovel.
- Earth drill.
- Concrete mixer.
- Mixture containers.
- Pliers.
- Welding machine.
- Electric drill.
- Hammer.
- Self-tapping screws, nails.
- Wire.
In addition, you will need edged boards for the manufacture of formwork, roofing felt for waterproofing the base, reinforcing bars for the pile frame and polyethylene for covering concrete.
Step-by-step instruction
First of all, it is necessary to clean the built-up area from debris, plants and uneven ground.
- Any construction process must begin with markup. To do this, it is convenient to use a stretched cord and wooden stakes.
- Since a strip-column foundation was chosen to strengthen the pillars, it is necessary to dig a trench 30 cm wide and 30 cm deep.
- Then, at a distance of 215 cm from each other, dig 18 holes with a diameter of 20 cm and a depth of 70 cm. Only in this case, every 15 cm of the recess, you need to take the soil to the surface. This technique will facilitate manual labor.
- When the trench and holes are dug, it is necessary to carefully level and compact the surfaces of each of them. Pour wet sand at the bottom of each hole and trench, which is also compacted until a uniform layer 10 cm thick is obtained.
- On top of the sand cushion, pour a layer of fine-grained gravel of a similar thickness.
- Now it's time to prepare the holes for pouring concrete. First you need to install the formwork inside each of them. For this, a roofing material twisted into a pipe or asbestos cement pipe, the same as the hole diameter.
- To strengthen the concrete pillar, a metal frame must be installed inside the formwork. For its manufacture, reinforcing bars with a diameter of 8 to 12 mm are used. It is necessary to connect 4 rods with each other with a wire so that a three-dimensional structure is obtained. The distance between the metal rods should be 10 cm. The metal frame should be 5–10 cm above the bottom of the trench. Subsequently, this will secure the entire base.
- Install the structure inside the hole.
- In the middle of the metal frame, install a profiled pipe with a side width of 60x60 mm, a length of 270 cm. To keep it in a vertical position, it is strengthened with temporary stops.
- Now you can pour concrete. To do this, use a mixture of grade M 200. Pour the mixture into each hole to the level of the bottom of the trench.
- Then you need to make a formwork for the concrete tape. To do this, use edged boards or wooden shields. The height of the formwork should be 20 cm. Around the pillars, it will have dimensions of 40x40 cm, and in the spans - 215x30 cm. To prevent the structure from falling apart under the pressure of the concrete mixture, it is reinforced with spacers and stops.
- To strengthen the concrete tape, it is also necessary to make a metal frame for it. To do this, use the same fittings. rods in finished construction should be fixed at a distance of 20 cm.
- Install this frame on the bottom of the trench, laying it horizontally along the entire length. It should be noted that the reinforcement should not touch the bottom of the trench. To achieve this, you can use fragments of bricks, and place a frame on them.
- Pour concrete so that its level is 10 cm above the ground.
- Now it takes from three to 6 weeks for the concrete mix to harden. The poured foundation must be covered with polyethylene or roofing felt. This is necessary to prevent rapid evaporation of moisture from the concrete, as well as to isolate from direct sunlight.
Video: how to score fence posts
Video: foundation for the fence
The fence supports are responsible for the integrity of the structure, performing a load-bearing function. How well they are installed depends on the strength and stability of the fence. The question of interest to homeowners of suburban areas - how to score fence posts and what methods should be used, is very important and requires detailed consideration.
Why is it worth hammering poles?
Hammering of supporting structures is less reliable than screwing and concreting. Work saves time and reduces the amount of building materials. Pillars are recommended in several cases:
- while creating light construction intended for decoration;
- when not long-term use of the fence. Durable products that have been used for a long time must be concreted;
- with certain soil types. Pillars are hammered on sandstone, clay or peat soils.
In dense soils with a stable composition and uniform relief, the elements of the supporting frame are concreted. 
Varieties of load-bearing elements of the fence
Support piles of fences are made from various building materials. They can be made in the form:
- wooden poles treated with anti-rot impregnations. The service life of products is no more than 30 years. Wooden supports are not used in the construction of high fences;
- metal pipes coated with anti-corrosion compounds. They are universal and suitable for arranging a fence made of picket fence, profiled sheet or chain-link mesh;
- concrete products made in the design of the fence. Justified to balance the load of massive structures or create the effect of respectability of possessions;
- plastic modern supports, relevant for decorative hedges.
- brick support elements. The expensive cost of construction is offset by the unique texture of the finish, the strength and decorative possibilities of the fence.
When choosing a material for the core of the building envelope, it is necessary to pay attention to specifications: the ability to withstand gusts of wind and the weight load of panels, mechanical shock and damage. 
Rod mounting methods
Installation of piles is carried out in several ways: driving into the ground, bunting or concreting. Driving bearing elements into the ground is considered a simple and affordable method.
The method of driving fence posts has three different methods:
- with a sledgehammer;
- using the "grandmother";
- using copra.
Before installation, it is necessary to mark the places for future fence supports, given that the distance between them should be 2-3 m. 
hammering with a sledgehammer
With the help of a sledgehammer, low fences are equipped on support poles up to 1.5 m long. In the process of driving, a wooden gasket is used between the tool and the rod. The person hammering the support should be above the top edge of the post in order to be able to strike and swing.
Driving in with a sledgehammer is laborious and requires great physical strength. When using this method to install piles, there is a risk of distortion. It is recommended to work with two people: one holds the pipe in a vertical position, the second clogs. The position of the supporting elements is checked by the level at each stage of installation.
Installation using the headstock
"Grandma" - a home-made mechanism for driving poles into the ground. Suitable for the installation of load-bearing elements up to 3 m long. You can make a tool as follows:
- A pipe 1 m long is taken. Its diameter must be greater than the support to be installed. This is necessary so that the rod can be freely put on the mechanism.
- A metal circle is welded to one end of the mechanism and additional elements (metal scraps, lead) are added to make it heavier. The mass should be from 10-30 kg, which will facilitate the process of driving into the soil.
- For convenience in work, steel handles up to 1.5 m long are attached to the opposite end of the headstock.
A carrier element is installed in the intended place and a “grandmother” is put on it. By the handles, the mechanism rises up and falls sharply with force. During the impact, the pipe slides and, due to the weighting, is driven into the soil. The driving mechanism allows you to achieve accurate strikes and place the opra vertically. 
Installation with a copra
A pile driver is a special device that allows you to effortlessly drive a support pole into the ground or pull it out of it. Most often used in the installation and dismantling of fences.
The principle of operation of a pile driver is as follows: the device lifts a pile, brings it to the right place and drives it into the ground with force. Immersion of support elements is performed by three methods:
- impact diving;
- vibration immersion;
- vibroslaughter.
The construction installation can be manual, non-self-propelled and self-propelled. For the installation of enclosing structures, manual type equipment is used. More professional modifications are used to create the basic foundation of buildings, allowing you to do the job in a short time.
Benefits of the driving method
By driving load-bearing piles, it is possible to build a building envelope in a short time. The advantages of this method include the following points:
- no need to drill a hole for support;
- the cost of building a structure is much less, since there is no need to buy additional consumables;
- it is not necessary to use complex equipment in installation.
When constructing a fence and installing piles by driving, it is necessary to take into account some of the nuances:
- Increased windage of the soil and insufficiently dense soil will not ensure the reliability of the supporting elements. During operation, the structure may warp.
- Lightweight fences are mounted using the driving method. heavy ones can sag over time.
- The pillars are driven only into small-stone soil, to prevent the pile from hitting a large stone.
- Impacts should be applied carefully so as not to deform the element.
When constructing a fence for a suburban area, it is independently necessary to take into account all the nuances when installing the structure and recommendations for deepening by driving in order to build a reliable fence.
The nuances of driving poles
The installation of a support in driving technology with low cost and speed of work requires consideration of the features of the measures.
Important fastening rules
Each of the driving methods has its own nuances:
- the lower part of the column is necessarily buried in the soil by 1.2-1.4 m, which ensures the reliability and stability of the structure;
- installation work begins with corner bearing elements. To achieve the same level of support products, a cord is stretched between them;
- it is not necessary to drive the support into the ground too intensively. During the installation process, care should be taken that the rod does not go deep into the soil and does not deform during impacts;
- before installation, the lower part is covered with anti-corrosion compounds.
The method of driving in load-bearing products is used for the construction of lightweight structures: picket fences, profiled sheets or chain-link mesh. 
Soil features and the likelihood of subsidence of the fence
Pillar driving has some specific points:
- on loose soils, the inclination of the support increases. It is typical for hedges with windage - chain-link or profiled sheet. Stick to durable materials.
- in the spring, subsidence of the product is observed, especially fences made of brick or concrete.
When installing racks, try to remove large granite rocks from the soil so as not to deform the pipe. Be sure to calculate the force of impact.
The method of driving the support posts for the fence is considered the simplest and most inexpensive. You can do the work on your own, without the involvement of special equipment. In this way, you can build lightweight building envelopes for your summer cottage.