Do-it-yourself foundation waterproofing: how to make your own foundation waterproofing at home. Waterproofing the foundation of a house with roll materials The most effective ways to waterproof foundations

One of the important factors in extending the life of the base of the house is the implementation of high-quality waterproofing. The need is due to the fact that in any soil there is moisture, which negatively affects the foundation.

If you ignore this process or carry it out poorly, then soon cracks and other signs of destruction of the basis will form in the walls of the house.

For high-quality protection against moisture, reliable materials are needed for waterproofing the foundation. In this regard, the questions of what material to choose and how to work with it are of particular relevance when considering.

Why waterproofing

Frozen water in the cracks of the foundation can destroy it

Many may begin to argue and convince that water is not terrible for concrete, but, on the contrary, in some way, thanks to it, it gains strength. However, let's try to give a few indisputable facts that indicate that waterproofing is one of the most critical processes.

1. Concrete in its structure resembles refined sugar. If you dip it a little in tea, you can observe how the liquid begins to rise up on its own. This property is called capillarity. Its essence lies in the fact that through the smallest pores formed in concrete, moisture very easily rises up. This is fraught with the fact that not only the base of the house will contain moisture, but also the walls. Therefore, constant dampness will be present on the basement and on the walls of the room. And this entails an increase in heat loss, the occurrence of fungus and mold.
2. During frosts, the water freezes, while expanding. And if it is in the pores of concrete, then pressure naturally arises, which begins to destroy it.
3. Nowadays, the foundation consists not only of concrete. For its reinforcement, steel reinforcement is used. Upon contact with moisture, the metal begins to rust and gradually collapse. It is known that during the corrosion process, the metal increases in volume by almost three times, and this creates a certain internal pressure on the concrete.
4. In groundwater very often there are aggressive components that adversely affect concrete.

Carrying out high-quality waterproofing helps to exclude or, at least, minimize the process of concrete destruction.

materials

Exist various technologies waterproofing, which use different types of materials. Based on this, we list the ways to protect the foundation:

• coating;
• sprayed;
• roll;
• penetrating;
• plastering;
• screen method.

Consider brief description materials used in waterproofing foundations, depending on the method chosen.

Coating method

Bituminous mastic can be prepared by yourself

When performing insulation in this way, materials that have a bitumen base are used.

They provide protection by applying bitumen in several layers to the material using a brush, roller or construction spatula.

This raw material can be found under the name bituminous mastics.

They are widely sold in the construction industry packaged in buckets.

It will not be difficult to cook them yourself. To do this, we provide cooking instructions:

• acquire a piece of bitumen and crush it by splitting. The smaller the pieces, the faster they will melt. Next, place the pieces in a metal bowl and put on fire to melt;
• after that, used engine oil or diesel fuel is added to the molten bitumen. It is necessary to add these components about a third of the total volume of mastic. Then mix everything thoroughly with a wooden stick.

When using ready-made mastic, it is pre-mixed, while adding a solvent: solvent or white spirit. On the container in which the mastic is sold, instructions for preparing it for work should be placed.

Mastic is produced by various manufacturers. For waterproofing the foundation, you can purchase any. But it is necessary to pay attention to its purpose. Since there is mastic not only to protect the foundation of the house, but also for roofing.

Brief characteristics of mastic according to ENiR standards

Mastic is applied only on a clean surface

Do not apply mastic on an uncleaned and dirty surface. It must first be prepared and primed. The priming solution has a special composition and is called a bituminous primer. It can be purchased at hardware stores. In terms of viscosity, it is slightly inferior to mastic.

After priming the surface, apply mastic in several layers. Each subsequent layer should be applied after the previous one has completely dried. As a result, we get a protective surface of mastic with a thickness of 5 cm.

The advantage of this material is its affordable price. But there are also disadvantages. Mastic coating is not very durable and requires a lot of time for arrangement and periodic maintenance.

Spray method

This method has another name - "liquid rubber". The foundation is waterproofed with a bitumen-latex mortar in the form of an emulsion.

Application method: spraying with a special device. Sprayed waterproofing is a more modern look that can be completed in a very short time.

Also, the method of application, and the materials themselves, provide more high quality than applying mastic. But all this entails an increase in costs due to the high consumption of raw materials.

The technical characteristics of "liquid rubber" are provided in this table, taking into account the ENiR standards

Waterproofing with roll materials

Ruberoid is the most popular material

To provide roll waterproofing waterproofing materials are used for the foundation on bituminous or modified polymer compositions applied to any base.

The most popular and well-known example of rolled materials is roofing material. The basis for applying bitumen to roofing material is cardboard. In more modern materials the basis is fiberglass, fiberglass or polyester.

Here are some examples of modern roll materials:

• roll material - waterproofing. Its second name is glass isol, which is made by impregnation with a special composition of fiberglass. The cost of glass isol, of course, is high, but the service life is much longer;
• Bicrost is a fiberglass fabric on which bituminous compositions are applied on both sides.

Waterproofing is melted with a burner

Carry out protection using rolled waterproofing materials There are two ways: gluing or fusing.

Before performing work, the surface should also be carefully prepared to ensure a high degree of adhesion. In the beginning, it is necessary to clean it of dirt and dust, eliminate obvious defects and prime with a bituminous primer.

The process of fusing glass isol is carried out using a burner or a building hair dryer. First, the composition applied to the roll is melted, and then it is glued onto the surface to be treated.

The positive characteristics of roll materials include:

• increase in service life when compared with coating materials;
• relatively low price.

Of course, modern materials, such as stekloizol, have prices a rank higher.

The disadvantage is the high labor costs in the performance of work. Moreover, it is quite difficult for an inexperienced person to carry out high-quality waterproofing, especially alone.

There are self-adhesive roll materials that greatly simplify the process of waterproofing protection.

Penetrating waterproofing

To perform penetrating insulation, solutions are used that are able to quickly penetrate into the concrete through its pores. After drying, the pores are clogged, and thus the infiltration of moisture is limited. For more information about waterproofing the foundation, see this video:

Also, this process increases the degree of frost resistance of concrete and provides protection from the effects of various aggressive environments. Examples of solutions for penetrating waterproofing: Penetron, Hydrotex, Aquatron and others.

The price of these solutions is quite high, so they are not widely used in private construction.

Most often, they are used to eliminate defects in the waterproofing of foundation walls and to carry out repair and installation work in already constructed buildings from the inside.

Insulation with plaster

This type of insulation is a subspecies of coating protection of the base from moisture.

It is based on the use of plaster mixtures, to which special moisture-resistant components are added.

The mixture prepared for work is applied with a construction spatula or trowel.

Sometimes a brush is used to apply.

In order to ensure higher quality and prevent the formation of cracks, a mesh is additionally used to reinforce plaster surfaces.

The advantages of such materials include a very simple and fast execution technology.

To the disadvantages:

• short service life;
• low degree of waterproof protection.

Experts advise using waterproofing plaster to prepare the base surface for roll waterproofing, for example with glass isol. Particular care should be taken to process the lower part of the walls from the foundation. For more information about plaster insulation, see this video:

Screen type waterproofing

Swellable bentonite mats are used for this type of insulation device. At its core, it is a modern version of a clay castle. Mats are attached to the surface of the base by means of dowels overlapping each other. The width of the lining is 15 - 20 cm.

At the heart of any structure lies its fundamental foundation. It is on this part that the load of the entire overlying structure falls. The strength, reliability and quality of the foundation guarantee the durability of the erected building and a comfortable stay in it. However, to create a solid foundation, only correct calculations and compliance with construction technology are not enough. It is very important to properly organize the protection of the fundamentals from the negative impact of external factors, among which the main enemy is water.

This article can be called a review material, since in it the methods of waterproofing the foundation will be described introductory, and for detailed step by step guides You can follow the links in the article.

Types of base waterproofing

Protection of the foundation from the negative effects of moisture is carried out in two directions:

• Waterproofing of horizontal surfaces.
• Waterproofing of vertical surfaces.

Horizontal waterproofing protects similar planes from the penetration of soil moisture at the capillary and molecular level. The need to carry out such measures arises with a sufficiently high occurrence of groundwater.

The protection of the horizontal surfaces of the base is carried out in several stages, one of the important measures in this case is the creation of a drainage system (read in detail), with the help of which excess soil moisture is removed from the base of the foundation. Also, horizontal waterproofing involves the arrangement of a special pillow, the size of which should slightly exceed the parameters of the base (for more details, see the article). In other words, with this method of protection, immediately before the foundation is erected, a kind of barrier is created that prevents the penetration of moisture to the supporting structure of the building. Last step at horizontal waterproofing is the application of protective compounds to the upper cut of the foundation. In this case, an obstacle is created for moisture, which can penetrate to the walls of the building at the capillary level.

When creating a vertical protection of the foundation, the main attention is paid to methods that will prevent the impact of atmospheric moisture through the soil layer adjacent to the vertical surfaces.

Directly on concrete, which is the basis of any foundation, water does not have a destructive effect, it even increases it strength characteristics. But with poor-quality construction of the foundation or with the slightest deviation from the construction technology, micropores can form in the base cavity, into which water penetrates. IN winter time the smallest particles of moisture freeze and expand, as a result of this, its further destruction occurs. Also, water penetrating into the foundation cavity causes the main damage to reinforcement, which, like all metal products, loses its strength characteristics under the influence of moisture.

Basic waterproofing technologies

To maintain the integrity and performance of the foundation, it is necessary to fully protect the structure from the effects of harmful factors. There are several technologies for waterproofing the base, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages.

Coated bituminous insulation

Bituminous mastic is the most popular and affordable waterproofing material. Of the advantageous points of using such material, the following can be distinguished:

• The elasticity of the applied layer.
• The absence of joints, which increases the reliability of protection.
• Complete clogging of micropores in concrete.
• Long service life.
• Acceptable price.

Among the disadvantages of bitumen, the following characteristics attract attention:

• Poor resistance to low and high temperatures. When heated above 60 degrees, the mastic begins to melt and flow down a vertical surface, and when the temperature drops to -15 degrees, the material simply cracks.
• Mastic is applied to the surface of the foundation only when hot, therefore, special conditions are required for high-quality waterproofing.

When choosing bituminous mastic to protect the foundation from moisture, it is important to pay attention to the following:

• Operating temperature.
• Service life of the material.
• Qualitative characteristics.

It should be noted that not all bitumen-based mastics can be used as a waterproofing material. In addition, such protection is not recommended for use in areas with high groundwater. This is due to the fact that under the influence of moisture, the service life of bituminous mastic is significantly reduced.

To work with bitumen-based mastic, brushes with stiff bristles should be purchased, since the material has a rather viscous structure. Coating bituminous waterproofing is in most cases applied in two layers, with each subsequent application being carried out after the first coating has completely dried.

Waterproofing with liquid rubber

One of the means of waterproofing foundation walls is liquid rubber. Such protection has many advantages, among which are the following:

• High degree of reliability.
• The durability of the applied layer.
• Creation of a monolithic layer.
• Resistance to temperature changes.
• Easy installation.

The disadvantage of liquid rubber can be called a rather high cost compared to other waterproofing materials. In addition, the material can be applied to the surface only with special equipment. Despite the ease of installation, the process requires a lot of time.

Waterproofing the foundation surface with liquid rubber is carried out in one or two layers. It depends on the brand of the material and its quality. In the process of spraying, the rubber fills the microcracks and pores of the concrete, thereby increasing the service life of the base.

Building a clay castle

The clay castle is a densely compacted layers of clay laid along the walls of the foundation. Such waterproofing is most often used as additional protection against the penetration of groundwater into the basement of the house.

The advantages of a clay castle include the following characteristics:

• A reliable barrier on the way of water to the basement.
• Availability and low cost of the main material.
• Simple technology.

The disadvantages of this method of protection are more significant, so you should also be aware of them.

Firstly, clay itself is not able to completely prevent the penetration of water, so additional protection is required.

Secondly, the clay layer freezes at low temperatures, which leads to an increase in the volume of the material. This can cause the destruction of the foundation of the house.

Based on this, we can say that it is better not to use this method for responsible buildings. It is suitable for small outbuildings.

Membrane type waterproofing

One of the modern materials used to protect the foundation from the negative effects of moisture is a waterproofing membrane. This material is made from various kinds polyethylene with the addition of polymers, antioxidants and mineral components. Thanks to this composition performance characteristics materials are at a fairly high level.

The waterproofing membrane has a great advantage over other materials of this type:

• Resistant to ultraviolet radiation and various aggressive environments.
• Durability.
• Safety for human health.
• Retention of elasticity at any air temperature.

The membrane is fixed to the foundation surface in different ways:

• Using special glue or tape. The sheets are overlapped, and the joints are heated with a blowtorch and glued together.
• The self-adhesive membrane has one side covered with a special adhesive and a protective film. In the process of pasting, the protection is removed, and the membrane is pressed against the walls of the foundation.
• The profiled type membrane is fastened with dowels with profiled washers. Due to this, the tightness of the connection of the sheets of waterproofing material is achieved.

One of the most reliable and simple ways protection of the foundation from moisture is the use of rolled materials, including roofing material. Of the advantages of this material, the following characteristics are clearly distinguished:

• Pretty low cost.
• Convenient and easy installation process.
• Creation of reliable protection against moisture penetration.
• Long service life, practice shows that roofing material waterproofing can last up to half a century.

As for the disadvantages of roll waterproofing, we can confidently say that there are no particularly significant points in this case.

Roofing material is laid in vertical and horizontal rows. In the first case, installation work is carried out easier and faster, but with horizontal fastening of the sheets of waterproofing material, the protection is of higher quality.

Reliable waterproofing is provided due to two points:

• The surface is smeared with a layer of bituminous mastic, which guarantees additional protection.
• The process of fixing the roofing material is accompanied by heating the strips with a gas burner, due to which the waterproofing material is firmly glued to the foundation surface.

Read about one of the most popular waterproofing materials in the articles and.

Protecting the fundamental foundation of the structure from moisture penetration is a very crucial moment. However, when right choice waterproofing method and related materials, the whole process can be done by hand.

Deciding on the choice of a suitable material for waterproofing can sometimes be difficult, especially when it comes to protecting the foundation. Today, on the building materials market, you can find many offers, in this article the most profitable and effective ones will be studied.

Today, waterproofing is carried out using:

• rolls;
• liquid rubber;
• coating materials.

This is the most affordable and easiest method to protect foundations from excess moisture, whether it is precipitation or groundwater. It is a canvas that is impregnated with polymer or bituminous compounds. Roll materials are of two types:

• Built-up. The materials contain mastic on the surface of the roll, which must be melted before gluing to the foundation. This job requires a torch and special skills.
• Pasting. Mastic with various additives can be applied to the surface without additional treatments. The process begins with heating the material, after which it is applied to the foundation. The rolls are carefully glued with the help of special compounds, and then smoothed.

Roll materials, regardless of their type, are applied from the outside, that is, from the side of exposure to moisture. It is necessary to apply rolls in 2-4 layers, depending on the quality and type of material. Rolls glued from the inside will not perform their function, as they will immediately peel off.

Waterproofing with rolls is carried out on the outer covering of the foundation. It is worth taking care that the height of the waterproofing is at least 50 cm higher than the liquid level in the soil. In the case when the level of liquid in the soil is too high, the masters drain the foundation to remove excess water. Protective materials are covered over the rolls so that the soil does not affect the waterproofing. Plywood or wooden shields can be used as protection.

Waterproofing with liquid rubber

At the level with TechnoNIKOL coating materials, the method with liquid rubber is considered effective. Its disadvantage is the high price and the need to have special equipment. The basis of such compositions is a rubber-bitumen emulsion. But due to its properties, waterproofing using liquid rubber is gaining popularity among homeowners. Application takes place in the same way as with TechnoNIKOL mastics.

Liquid rubber has many advantages:

• high level of resistance to groundwater pressure;
• has a high adhesion to brick, concrete and iron;
• retains its properties when applied to old layers of liquid rubber;
• provides a waterproof base without seams;
• immune to ultraviolet rays.

Penetrating waterproofing for the foundation

Penetrating waterproofing is a great way to strengthen the foundation on your own. For this operation, special compounds are used that penetrate through the capillaries into the thickness of the material and create crystals inside it that do not allow water to pass through. With the help of penetrating solutions, it becomes possible to add water resistance to concrete.

Initially, moisture is required for crystals: for trace elements, the growth rate increases significantly when in contact with water. This is a great solution for outdoor structures. If we are talking about the foundation, then applying penetrating compounds from the inside will be enough for complete waterproofing. After analyzing the vulnerabilities, the compositions can be applied from the inside or outside.

These materials for reliable waterproofing of the foundation are applied with a conventional brush. The process resembles ordinary staining, so minimal skills are enough for this work. In addition to foundations, penetrating waterproofing is used for basements, boxes, and also for pools.

The penetrating solution was used to create foundations with a monolithic base. Penetrating mixtures have the following properties:

• increase in the level of water resistance;
• increasing the brand of concrete mix.

The only negative side of penetrating mixtures is the high price when compared with other waterproofing materials. But the small investment of time and effort compensates for the cost.

Coating waterproofing

Another material for protection against water is coating waterproofing. It is a single-layer or multi-layer coating of 10-50 millimeters. To date, on Russian market the TechnoNIKOL company is popular, engaged in the production of mastic based on bitumen. Waterproofing is applied with a brush or other painting tools. The main advantages of the TechnoNIKOL material are its low price and excellent adhesion to the foundation coating.

Waterproofing with TechnoNIKOL mastic can be performed by one person without the use of special tools. Depending on the company and subtype of mastic, one composition must be heated before application, the second can be used in a cold state. If groundwater exerts strong pressure on the foundation, then “hot” compounds are used, since they have greater endurance than cold materials. Accordingly, at low pressure, the presence of waterproofing with TechnoNIKOL cold compositions will be sufficient. Regardless of the type of mastic, fiberglass is used to increase the strength index.

The process goes as follows:

1. Masters first warm up the composition (if it is “hot”).
2. Next, the first layer of TechnoNIKOL mastic is applied.
3. A fiberglass mesh is rolled over the entire surface of the first layer.
4. After complete drying of the material, a second layer is applied.

Before deciding which material will be better, it is recommended to consult a specialist, because many of the nuances depend on the amount of groundwater, the quality of concrete, etc. In one case, it will be beneficial to use TechnoNIKOL coating materials, in the other, liquid rubber cannot be dispensed with.

The best material for foundation waterproofing updated: February 26, 2018 by: zoomfund

Water destroys building construction buildings, causing them to become unusable, reducing their service life. This is especially true for the underground part of the house, which is exposed to several types of moisture at once. Outside, rain and melt water has a devastating effect on it, and groundwater causes trouble in the soil, the level of which may vary depending on the season. Waterproofing methods for the foundation of a building depend on its type and method of manufacture (tape, slab, pillars or piles).

How does moisture affect

The ways in which water can lead to destruction concrete foundation some:

• Washing out of the structure of particles, the formation of bumps and potholes due to aggressive components in rain or ground water.
• Destruction when water penetrates into the body of the foundation and freezes it there. The fact is that water is the only substance on the planet that, when it goes into a frozen state, expands, and does not decrease in volume. Getting into the capillaries, it exerts strong pressure on the foundation from the inside, which leads to the appearance of cracks and crevices.

That is why the waterproofing of the foundation is important and should be carried out immediately after the construction of the structure.

Types of moisture protection by location

In general, the foundation waterproofing device is divided into three groups:

• horizontal;
• vertical;
• blind area device.

Depending on the type of foundation, several methods can be applied simultaneously.

Combined moisture protection

Horizontal is designed to prevent the penetration of moisture between different levels. It can be made from various materials. It is provided for all types of foundations (tapes, slabs, pillars, piles).

Vertical is needed so that groundwater cannot affect the foundation. Not all types of grounds need such protection. Required only for tape and columnar supports Houses. Horizontal protection is provided for all types (device of tape, plate or free-standing supports).

The blind area device protects the base from the penetration of rainwater and melt in the spring. Here, the width of the structure is essential. If it is insufficient, then the moisture will be removed a short distance and will be able to get to the foundation. This type of protection reduces the load on all others, allowing them to increase their service life.

Vertical and horizontal insulation

Waterproofing with roll material

Foundation waterproofing can be carried out using various means of protection. Separately, it is worth considering the vertical and horizontal views and the blind area, since the materials in these cases will differ quite a lot.

Protection of the buried part of the building with vertical and horizontal insulation assumes that materials can be used for the following ways:

• pasting;
• coating;
• penetrating;
• plastering;
• injection;
• mounted;
• structural (additives in concrete).

It is worth separately understanding what material to use in each case.

Okleyechnaya

Such protection of the structure is carried out using roll options on a bituminous binder. Fusion or bonded material can be used. Built-up types imply the presence of an adhesive layer that is heated at high temperatures and adheres to the surface. To fix the insulation without an adhesive layer on the base, it will be necessary to use bituminous mastic as a connecting agent.

Covering materials include:

The use of roofing material is the most common method

• only(the material is outdated and it is not recommended to use it as a protection for the critical structures of the house, but it is worth noting its low cost);
• glassine(waterproofing of the foundation based on thick dense cardboard, which is impregnated with bituminous binder, cannot be attributed to reliable and durable methods, but will significantly save money);
• ruberoid(remains the leader among rolled insulation due to its affordable price, the service life is quite short);
• polymeric materials impregnated with bitumen fiberglass or polyester backing(here, as an example, the following common options for protecting the walls and foundations of a house from moisture can be given: Linokrom, Gidroizol, TechnoNIKOL, Stekloizol, Bikrost, etc.).

The last group is the most reliable option, but the price of such material can be quite high.

But here it is worth considering their long service life, which will reduce the frequency of repairs. The advantages of the pasting method include the fact that it can be provided for various surfaces:

• concrete;
• tree;
• metal;
• asphalt concrete;
• old waterproofing coating (during repair).

Coating insulation

Foundation waterproofing in this case is most often performed using bituminous mastics. To protect the buried part of the building and the walls of the house, one-component and two-component compositions are used. In addition to bitumen on the market building materials now you can find more reliable and modern options:

• polymer resins;
• bitumen-polymer resins;
• bitumen-rubber mastics.

Unlike ordinary bitumen, which cracks at low temperatures, these mixtures with additional additives are resistant to cold. The disadvantage of more modern options is their price, which cannot compete with conventional bitumen-based mastic. The latter is best used to protect the structures of the house with a deep location of groundwater.

Penetrating insulation

Waterproofing the foundation in this way prevents moisture from entering the concrete capillaries. This increases the strength of the surface layer of concrete. Waterproofing strip foundation in this way is often carried out using an additional coating or pasting layer.

On average, the penetration depth is 15-25 cm, but some materials are able to go deep by 90 cm. It is important to note that such methods are only suitable for concrete. When used on brick and stone, they are useless.

The most common compositions for this method of processing steel:

1. "Penetron";
2. "Peneplug";
3. "Hydrohit";
4. "Penecrete".
5. "Osmosil".

Protection of the concrete base from moisture

The technology for protecting the foundations and walls of the house in this way implies a thoroughly cleaned, degreased and even base, therefore it is recommended for use on new buildings.

Paint and plaster insulation

Do-it-yourself waterproofing of the foundation with the use of painting and plastering compounds does not differ in durability and reliability. If possible, it is better to give preference to other ways to protect the foundations and walls of the house, since the average service life of such materials is 5 years.

Injection isolation

Technique for introducing polyurethane resin into the base

The option is suitable for repairing a base that has already been put into operation. The technology allows you to protect the foundation without excavation work. Injectors are introduced to the supports and deliver the insulating substance. The following materials can be used as raw materials:

• foam;
• resins;
• acrylate gels;
• rubber;
• cement-containing mixtures;
• polymer compositions.

Mounted insulation

Waterproofing the foundation in this way allows you to most effectively deal with high level groundwater and their high pressure. It is mainly used for strip foundations when it is required to protect an underground room.

The most reliable way of mounted waterproofing can be called a steel caisson. In this case, the structure of the walls and floor of the basement is sheathed from the inside with sheets of steel 4-6 mm thick. The option is very expensive, so it is extremely rarely used.

Brick walls are sometimes erected outside, but in most cases this method is used in conjunction with a pasting or coating option. The brick is more likely not to protect the foundation from moisture, but to protect the waterproofing from mechanical damage.

blind area device

Do-it-yourself waterproofing of the foundation in this case involves using the following blind area materials to protect the structure from the outside from atmospheric moisture:

Blind area production

• concrete;
• asphalt concrete;
• clay;
• paving slabs;
• diffusion membranes.

The choice of the method of manufacturing the blind area depends on the preferences of the future owner of the house, the architectural solution and the availability of materials. The cheapest option for the blind area will be its laying of concrete or asphalt. This option is not attractive. appearance, but allows you to protect the foundation without much labor. In addition, savings on raw materials for manufacturing are provided. The blind area device made of concrete or asphalt is popular in the mass construction of multi-apartment residential buildings and administrative and public buildings.

Waterproofing technology depending on the type of foundation

Each type of support under a building needs certain protection options. Before waterproofing the foundation, you need to find out what is required for a full range of activities.

Strip foundation protection

The waterproofing of the strip foundation is different for the monolithic and prefabricated versions. Let's take a look at the assembly first. To prevent damage to the underground walls of the house and flooding of the basement, the following measures will be required:

• arrangement of a reinforced joint between factory-made foundation slabs and concrete blocks of basement walls;
• laying the roll material in the first seam between the blocks, which is located below the basement floor level;
• rolled material is mounted along the edge of the foundation at the junction of the walls and the supporting structure;
• vertical insulation of the underground part of the tape from the outside;
• blind area device.

Protection strip base

It is important to note that at the junction of foundation slabs and concrete blocks, it is impossible to lay materials on a bituminous binder. This can lead to displacement of elements relative to each other. Only a thickened concrete joint is suitable here. Insulation along the edge of the foundation is necessary so that the different moisture content of the material of the supporting parts of the structure and wall fences does not lead to destruction. For horizontal insulation, gluing methods are used.

It is better to perform vertical insulation from the outside, since this will not only protect the room, but also the load-bearing elements. In new construction, walls can be treated with gluing or coating materials. The interior is being renovated. In this case, a penetrating or injection type is used.

If you need to perform a complex of waterproofing works for monolithic tape, the following steps should be considered:

• vertical insulation;
• waterproofing along the edge of the foundation;
• blind area device.

Materials are selected in the same way as for the prefabricated version.

Protection of columnar and pile foundations

A simple method of moisture protection

Here the simplest type of protection against moisture is used. It will only be necessary to make insulation along the edge of the foundation. Its location depends on the material of the grillage. If the strapping is made of the same material as the foundation, then the roll materials are laid at the point of contact between the grillage and the walls. You can consider another option. For example, wooden house rests on metal piles. In this case, the lower crown of the walls will serve as a grillage, so the insulating layer is laid on the heads of the supporting elements.

Foundation plate protection

To protect against moisture, the following measures will need to be provided here:

• concrete preparation of lean concrete to protect the slab from underground water and level the base;
• waterproofing for concrete preparation;
• protection from external moisture.

Foundation slab waterproofing

For the manufacture of the second layer, roll methods are used when installing the plate. It is best to focus on modern materials, since after pouring the slab, it is almost impossible to monitor the condition of such insulation or carry out repairs. For small buildings with a low degree of responsibility and low water saturation of the soil, polyethylene film is often used.

To protect the plate from moisture that can get from above, it must be treated with penetrating compounds. Sometimes in private housing construction they resort to using the following method: a solution for penetrating insulation is introduced into the concrete.

Also, after pouring the slab, it will be necessary to provide for the laying of roll material in the places where the walls are supported.

Before you properly waterproof the foundation (tape plates, piles, pillars), you need to carefully study the issue. It is important to use quality materials. If you save at this stage of construction, you can spend a large amount of money on repairs during operation.

The durability of the structure and the comfort of living in it depend on how well the waterproofing is done, because violations of the technological process of waterproofing the foundation of a building can cause its destruction, and also affect the amount of moisture and mold formation, which adversely affects human health.

The construction of any residential building begins with the construction of the foundation. But after its construction, it is necessary to provide it with protection from the influence of destructive factors. And first of all, it should be protected from moisture, that is, you need to make waterproofing for it.

Types of waterproofing

There are certain types of insulation, including gluing waterproofing of the foundation, coating and built-up. There is an opinion that concrete, which is used as a foundation material, is waterproof. However, this is not quite true. With prolonged contact with water, this mixture of concrete with moisture forms microscopic cracks in it, which, as a result of a temperature difference, simply destroys the foundation from the inside. Therefore, almost everywhere it is necessary to carry out waterproofing of the base of a residential building, and the choice of the type of insulation depends on many nuances.

The foundation of any building should be protected from two types of water: from precipitation and from groundwater. In order for the foundation not to suffer from precipitation, cut-off insulation, such as a blind area, is used. This is its main function. In the variant with surface moisture, the blind area must be done to absolutely all buildings. Here is the waterproofing groundwater is not always needed. It cannot be said that there are no underground currents in some territory. But it all depends on how deep they run and to what level they can rise.

External insulation

External waterproofing is best done, as a rule, when new construction is carried out. External insulation is a kind of cut-off coating, which is closed in a circle and does not allow water to penetrate inside. The coating is located on the outside of the building and moisture cannot penetrate the structure of the concrete, which prevents it from collapsing.

Internal insulation

If you use this method, then you should know that it protects the foundation only from the inside of the building. This method lends itself better to simple and quick repairs, especially if it is paint insulation, but the process of concrete freezing and thawing can occur.

Underground insulation "house in a bag"

For this type of insulation, a special PVC membrane is used. This pvc membrane should be up to two millimeters thick. Such cut-off insulation is not reinforced, and also does not have protection against ultraviolet radiation.

Digging a foundation pit. A thin cement screed is placed at the bottom. Then the bottom is covered with PVC membranes and welded. Around the perimeter, membranes are released about a meter. Now the base and walls are being made. It is also desirable to cover the walls with PVC cut-off material and hermetically connect them together. This PVC membrane is applied in a horizontal position by about eighty millimeters overlap, and it is mechanically laid vertically. Excess PVC material is subsequently soldered using hot air or a gas burner. The edges of the PVC membrane are fixed using special strips, fasteners or sealant. It should be noted that the movement and movement of the base do not affect the tightness of PVC insulation.

When is groundwater waterproofing necessary?

The choice to do or not to insulate underground depends on many factors. Waterproofing is necessary in cases where the groundwater level is less than one meter below the foundation. This value also takes into account the spring rise of waters. If underground currents lie at a depth of more than one meter from the foundation, then waterproofing is not necessary. However, it happens that the waters can rise not only in seasons, but after several years. Therefore, it is desirable to make at least the cheapest insulation, especially if the foundation is cement. There are cases when the level of water rise is higher than the foundation. Then it is necessary to carry out not only insulation, but also drainage in order to divert water from the base of the house.

Insulation is also required when a building is built on soils such as clay or loam. It is also worth paying attention to the composition of waters, because sometimes there are very aggressive currents, the mixture of elements of which has a negative effect on concrete, which leads to the formation of concrete corrosion.

Waterproofing classifications

There are several classifications by which I distinguish waterproofing and determine its main types. Depending on the purpose, waterproofing is divided into the following types:

• Antifiltration. This is the heaviest type of foundation insulation, the choice of which is made on difficult and unique construction projects. It is not worth it to equip such insulation with your own hands without special skills. It is used where houses are built on wet soils and have a strong load on the foundation of the house.
• Anti-corrosion. This type of isolation, depending on the technology of conducting, is divided into:
  1. vertical. They are applied in the lower underground part of the foundation to the very basement of the building.
  2. Horizontal. Thanks to horizontal insulation, capillary protection of the lower and upper planes of the foundation is produced.

All of the above base protection means are divided into types of waterproofing, depending on the material of their arrangement:

• Gluing method of waterproofing. Pasting waterproofing of the foundation involves the use of multilayer membranes of a diverting nature, the thickness of which reaches five millimeters, or roll components (for example, a mixture of roofing material or bitumen polymer). The membrane can be made from bitumen. Insulation rolls can be self-adhesive or flat applied with hair dryers or burners. After the membrane or roll is applied to the foundation, they must be processed with a roller. Everything can be done by hand, it is not very difficult. These methods of isolation have a serious disadvantage - the formation of joints and seams, which in the future may imply a violation of tightness.

• Coating methods. Such isolation is carried out using elastic mastic and membranes up to three millimeters. This waterproofing is applied with spatulas or brushes, and sometimes it is sprayed with a special spray gun for large volumes. Very often, the insulation is reinforced with a reinforcement mesh or a special technical fabric. The price of such insulation is an order of magnitude higher than pasting.

• Fused insulation. Fused foundation waterproofing is typically used for the reinforced concrete foundation insulation process and is not used for timber foundations.

To carry out such isolation with your own hands, you need to perform a number of actions:

1. Prepare the base surface. Clean everything from dust, dirt and all elements that may interfere with the adhesion of the material to the foundation, all sharp elements are eliminated.
2. Treat with a primer solution and wait until this mixture dries (about twenty-four hours)
3. The application of a rolled component (for example, lynocre) is carried out in the process of melting the lower part of the rolled roll with a burner flame with simultaneous heating of the foundation surface. The roll is slowly rolled out and pressed against the foundation.

Types of base protection

In addition to all the above methods of isolating the foundation, there are also additional types of protection that you can do yourself:

1. Installation of a warm blind area;
2. Masonry drainage and drainage;
3. Treatment with a special solution of the entire foundation;
4. Construction of a clay castle on all sides of the foundation.

Insulation depending on the foundation

In addition to the fact that waterproofing can be of different types, it can also have its own subtle nuances, depending on what material was laid in the foundation itself.

Waterproofing of the base from monolithic concrete

Usually, the protection of a monolithic base can be done by one's own hands in a variety of ways. At the moment, the most popular method for waterproofing such a base is considered to be using specially designed hydraulic additives with a funny solution. In this case, the price of insulation is acceptable and the quality is good. Now there are many manufacturers and types of similar additives in concrete. At first it may seem that they have the same properties and characteristics, but if you delve a little into the study of this issue, you can find many differences.

For example, if you purchase a high-quality additive, you can achieve an increase in concrete compaction by almost ten to twelve atmospheres. However, it is worth noting that the price of higher quality products is higher. If we talk about additives that should increase the moisture resistance of the material, then those that form crystals are considered the highest quality. However, in addition to the fact that such a foundation needs to be insulated using hydraulic additives, it is still desirable to install drainage and a linear drainage system for additional protection.

Base isolation from FBS blocks

Such a foundation is best isolated using a mixture based on bitumen or roofing material. Such materials are cheap and reliable. However, the service life of such protection is short, and at sub-zero temperatures, such protection loses its elasticity. That is, it cannot be used where the weather is predominantly cold.

Popular insulation products

There are several materials that are currently very popular and in demand in the construction market: penetron, linocrom, penoplex.

1. Penetron. The most popular insulation is now considered to be the one that is performed using Penetron material. This component allows insulation to be carried out by increasing the water resistance of concrete. Penetron creates a grid of crystals in the pores and cracks of the material, which consists of randomly placed crystals. Crystals are produced from the action of the chemical part of the Penetron material with water and concrete elements. That is, the penetron compacts the concrete so much that all cracks are well overgrown, and water cannot penetrate. IN monolithic foundations the use of such material as penetron is especially popular. It can be used both in prefabricated structures and in folding ones.

As part of the Penetron insulator, there are two components that act in the same way, but are introduced into concrete in different ways. There is Penetron, which penetrates the material by simply applying it in two layers on a wet base plane. And there is Penetron, which gets it as an additive.

1. Linocrom is already a rolled material that is produced by TechnoNIKOL. Linocrom is a deposited material with a multilayer structure. Linocrom is made by applying a bituminous mixture to a strong and non-rotting base from both sides. And on top of the linocrom has a layer of protection. Linocrom has many advantages, among which are: moisture resistance, biostability, and resistance to decay. A large layer of bitumen with specially designed polyolefin additives is also applied to the linocrom plane. Thus, linokrom does not give in to negative influence of environment.
2. Penoplex is a Russian brand that specializes in the production of extruded polystyrene foam. Penoplex also produces waterproofing of the foundation. This material has a number of advantages: the base of the house is insulated with foam plastic, because it has a low thermal conductivity; it is very durable; foam isolate the foundation, because it almost does not absorb moisture. It is also worth noting that with foam insulation in isolation, you can forget about mold and fungi. Penoplex not only insulates and insulates the foundation, but also insulates pipes, walls, and so on.

1. Bikrost is a bituminous rolled component. Bikrost is designed to insulate foundations and vapor barrier monolithic buildings. Bikrost is considered an economical and fairly high-quality material. Bikrost is made on the equipment of the European standard by applying bitumen and a special filler to the fiberglass. As a protection, coarse-grained and fine-grained dressing is also applied to the bicrost. Bicrost also contains a polymer film. Bikrost is of two types. But only Bikrost P is suitable for waterproofing the base of houses.

The cost of waterproofing

As a rule, all construction companies and firms seek to save on materials. Waterproofing the base is also the area that falls under the "savings". However, if the building is built not for the public, but for themselves, then here the builders must adhere to all the conditions for materials and quality. And if you do everything yourself, then the cost will be even lower. The price of waterproofing a house on average can range from sixty to three hundred rubles per square meter. However, there are more innovative technologies, the price of which is much higher. However, a guarantee for such waterproofing can be given for fifty years of service.