Could be a nuisance garden plot, cottage or private house maintenance and cleaning of cesspools. Sometimes such an autonomous sewage system can be quite expensive for the owner of a house and land. The use of the services of a special sewage disposal machine in today's progressive age is considered a kind of backwardness. Of course, because now the market provides a variety of products, including a septic tank - a sewerage station, the maintenance of which is reduced to a minimum, and the ease of use completely exceeds all the wildest expectations. One of these, according to reviews, is the biological septic tank Topas 5.

Model range and technical characteristics

Septic tank Topas 5 contains several modifications. Each device is designed for constant, continuous operation. Septic tank Topas 5 can do an excellent job of cleaning Wastewater, coming from the toilet, shower, plus two sinks. Models of the Topas 5 biological septic tank are presented below, and their photos can be viewed on our website.

Name/modification	Length	Width	Height	Weight (in kg)	Power consumption (kW per day)
Septic tank mod. Topas 5 Long Pr	1 m 10 cm	1m 20 cm	3 m 10 cm	310	1,5
Septic tank mod. Topas 5 Long	1 m 10 cm	1m 20 cm	3 m 10 cm	300	1,5
Septic tank mod. Topas 5 Pr	1 m 10 cm	1m 20 cm	2 m 60 cm	260	1,5
Septic tank mod.	1 m 10 cm	1m 20 cm	2 m 50 cm	250	1,5

As can be seen from the table presented, the dimensions of the septic tank are quite small, so the owner of the station can easily determine it anywhere. Septic tank Topas 5, its variety Topas 5 Pr and the rest on average process up to 1 cubic meter per day. m of wastewater, while the one-time discharge of this water should not amount to 220 liters.

The technical characteristics of the models are as follows.

Topas 5 is a septic tank made of polypropylene. In addition to the high strength of the material, it has anti-corrosion properties and high resistance to deformation. The sewer pipe is connected to the station at a depth of about 80 cm, so this unit is ideal for the south of the country or for seasonal use in gardens and gardens. summer cottages. The depth of the pit for installation and installation of the Topas 5 septic tank, in accordance with the instructions, should be 2500 mm.

Topas 5 Long is a biological septic tank designed for a sewer pipe that will run deeper. The depth of laying this pipe to the Topas 5 Long septic tank is 800-1400 mm. The deep passage of the sewer pipe underground allows the use of a septic tank in winter time. According to the technical characteristics, a pit with a depth of three meters is required for the purpose of installation, high-quality and correct installation of Topas 5 Long.

Topas 5 Pr is a partially similar septic tank, with forced drainage of water. It is used in areas with groundwater where gravity flow is difficult. Additionally, Topas 5 Pr is equipped with a drainage pump located in a special chamber. The sewerage system, according to the instructions, is connected at a depth of 40 cm to 80 cm. The depth of the required pit for installing the Topas 5 Pr septic tank and its installation is 2500 mm.

Topas 5 Long Pr is a septic tank that combines the most excellent specifications the Topas 5 Long station discussed above, as well as the Topas 5 Pr model station. The depth of installation and insertion of the sewer pipe is 800-1400 mm, the extended neck, the possibility of year-round operation, he inherited from the first. From the second, this biological septic tank received a special chamber with a drainage pump for forced pumping out of processed waste. The required pit depth for installation and installation of Topas 5 Long Pr is 3 meters.

Advantages and disadvantages

Among the considerable advantages of the Topas 5 Pr biological septic tank and its other transformations, the following should be highlighted:

• compact design of the biological sewage treatment system, easy maintenance and installation, conservation when winter comes;
• affordability compared to other manufacturers, which will not have to be purchased cheaply, but at an order of magnitude higher cost;
• serving a family of five;
• the highest quality materials and equipment of the device;
• a developed trade dealer network with the opportunity to receive qualified advice;
• warranty for installation work and installation of Topas 5, as well as for the septic tank itself;
• the operating principle of the device discussed here, which provides a high degree of sewage cleaning - 98%;
• long service life of an autonomous sewer system (for this, the installation of the Topas 5 Pr septic tank, its modification in the form of Topas 5 Long or the installation of another model must be done correctly) - 50 years;
• elimination of repulsive odors in the house using a septic tank;
• safety from an environmental point of view.

One of the disadvantages of this biological sewage treatment system is that no matter how advanced this station is, the need for its maintenance does not disappear. Therefore, according to reviews and recommendations of the manufacturer, it has to be cleaned once a quarter. But this problem can be easily solved by entrusting the service to service specialists.

Design and principle of operation

It is interesting that the design of the Topas 5 Pr station, its other transformation Topas 5 Long and the rest allows for wastewater treatment to be carried out in stages (there are stage-by-stage photos on our website). For this purpose, four main compartments have been created in the septic tank. These are a receiving chamber, an aeration tank, a secondary settling tank and an activated sludge stabilizer.

The operating principle of the device discussed in this article, according to which a biological septic tank operates, is very simple. At the same time, thanks to this operating principle, very high purification of sewage waste is achieved (up to 98%). This wastewater flows through a pipe connected to the septic tank into a receiving chamber in which filters and a pump are located.

It is thanks to these filters that the primary division of wastewater into fractions occurs. Slightly filtered wastewater is moved into an aeration tank using an airlift (airlift is the name of a special pump). The most important stage of cleaning with aerobic bacteria takes place in this compartment. The aeration tank maintains a favorable environment for the life of such microorganisms. For this purpose, the water is abundantly saturated with oxygen.

Through the secondary settling tank, the wastewater enters the activated sludge stabilization chamber, and from there the purified water from the station goes into the depths of the ground or for household needs. The principle of operation may be different - depending on the type of septic tank, water can drain by gravity or using a drainage pump. The sludge that has settled in the last compartment again enters the aeration tank, where it is again cleaned. Before such sludge is removed from the stabilizer by an airlift (pump) through a special hose, several cleaning cycles may occur.

Removing the stabilized or from the station using an airlift is the only action of the owner of a summer house or house that he will need to perform to maintain the biological septic tank and clean it. This sewer sludge is suitable instead of fertilizer.

Installation of a Topas 5 septic tank: video

Installation and correct, qualified installation of a Topas 5 Pr brand septic tank, other samples, including Topas 5 Long, and of course, it is recommended to carefully look at the operating principle in the video or at least a photo in order to most accurately understand this procedure. The best of these photos and videos can be easily found on our website, including on the websites of companies from which you can buy this station cheaply, and also view user reviews.

If we explain this installation of the device in words, it will look something like this. In order to install a septic tank of the Topas 5 brand, the help of appropriate specialists is needed. The home owner will be required to indicate the installation location of the septic tank. A team of workers then begins digging a pit (the depth depends on the station model), the walls of which must be strengthened with formwork to avoid crumbling. The bottom of the pit is covered with sand about 20 cm.

Further, according to the instructions, the biological septic tank is installed on a sand cushion, and it is covered with sifted sand on all sides. Please note that at the same time you need to gradually fill the station itself with water. This will avoid uneven pressure on the walls of the septic tank, both outside and inside.

The last step of installing a septic tank consists of mounting and installing a sewer drain pipe and an autonomous sewer outlet pipe. The operating principle here is as follows: an electrical cable is laid from the station to a convenient location, the compressor is installed and configured. This completes the installation of the device. All that remains is to complete the commissioning work, check the pump, and then you can use the septic tank. The price for installation and installation is not included in the price of the septic tank.

Each of these device installation operations is described in detail in photos and videos located on our website, where you can also find information about the preservation of an autonomous sewer system, and reviews about installation difficulties.

Preservation of the Topas 5 septic tank for the winter

For those who have installed a Topas 5 Pr septic tank or its modified types: Topas 5 Long and others, the question of what to do with the septic tank in winter, how to leave it for the winter will be relevant. For such cases, conservation of the Topas 5 septic tank for the winter is provided. All operations to prepare the station for winter can be carried out by the owner of the dacha himself, without the involvement of third-party specialists. The cost of failure to take these steps is a breakdown of the septic tank. According to reviews, this work is not difficult.

So, it is necessary, according to the instructions, to consistently carry out the steps to preserve Topas 5 for the winter. The working principle here is as follows:

1. Turn off the power to the septic tank.
2. Check that the station is full of water. To do this, you need to open the lid and make sure that the chambers are filled with water to at least ¾ of the entire volume. If it is less, then add more.
3. Clean the biological septic tank from debris and other foreign objects.
4. Remove the pump and compressor.
5. Place plastic bottles half filled with sand into all sections of the septic tank.
6. Insulate the septic tank with something from the outside.

The conservation measures taken will allow the station to survive the winter safely. For a more detailed understanding of the process, you can see the corresponding photos.

Types of breakdowns and their repair

Like any mechanism, machine, device, problems and breakdowns can also occur with the Topas 5 septic tank. One of these unforeseen cases, if you study the reviews of the owners, may be a situation when the septic tank is flooded. This problem has several causes and characteristics.

• There is a problem with the station’s drainage pump when the septic tank pumps out water forcibly.
• Airlift malfunction.
• Freezing of the station outlet channel (possible due to insufficient depth).
• Obstruction of the outlet channel of the device due to improper installation and unskilled, illiterate installation of the Topas 5 Pr septic tank, its models, including Topas 5 Long or others.
• Compressor diaphragm rupture.

To repair a septic tank when it is broken drainage pump, it will be sufficient to replace this pump, which can be bought cheaply (its price is low). You can try installing a new switch. If the airlift is to blame for the problem, then most likely it just needs to be cleaned, as it tends to get clogged.

Damaged compressor membranes and tubes also need to be replaced. The remaining two main causes of septic tank failure are caused mainly by improper installation and installation of the station. Therefore, in order to avoid such troubles with sewerage in the future, it is wiser not to skimp on the best qualified specialists, since the cost of repairs may be more expensive.

In addition, in order for the septic tank to work long and reliably, the station requires maintenance about 4 times a year (if it operates continuously, all year round). The advantage of this station is the presence of an alarm that will inform the owner about a malfunction of the airlift or float switch, thereby making it clear that it is time to start servicing the autonomous sewer and cleaning it.

In general, according to the assurances and reviews of the manufacturer, the septic tank Topas 5 Pr, its so-called transformations Topas 5 Long and others, are a very high-quality and reliable product, subject to proper installation, and in necessary cases, timely preservation for the winter.

Service

To avoid breakdowns of the Topas 5 biological septic tank and its subsequent repair, you need to draw up an appropriate agreement with a service organization, the price of services varies everywhere, you will need to look for the best offer. Its specialists will monitor the operation of the station and take timely measures to ensure that its work is not stopped, and will also ensure the conservation of the Topas 5 septic tank for the winter and carry out the necessary cleaning.

This will also allow the septic tank to operate for a longer period. But in case of financial difficulties, it is quite possible to carry out servicing and cleaning of the septic tank yourself. But you will need knowledge of what work is performed and when.

The filter element that retains hard parts must be cleaned quarterly and the leveled sludge must be removed. At the same time intervals, the airlift is cleaned, the side surfaces of the station are cleaned, and the pump is checked and tested.

Approximately every couple of years, the membranes located directly in the compressor, through which oxygen is supplied to the septic tank, are replaced.

Aeration elements can be replaced 12 years after the septic tank has been commissioned.

The septic tank maintenance process begins with cleaning those parts and elements to which the home owner has easy access. Having completed this work, you will need to remove the airlift tubes, for which you first heat them with a hair dryer. The coarse particle filter is removed and cleaned in the same way. These septic tank elements are cleaned with water, preferably running water. Then the airlift (pump) and filter are put back, and the air tubes are connected.

Then you need to use a pump to pump out the sludge from the depths of the septic tank. It should be pumped out to 2/3 of the volume. The stabilizer is filled with clean water. You also need to remember to thoroughly clean the so-called comb, which serves as a filter to retain non-recyclable particles. It is advisable to carry out such maintenance before preserving the autonomous sewer system for the winter.

Manufacturer

The already established company Topol-Eco is a manufacturer of the biological septic tank Topas 5. This company has been on the sewerage equipment market for more than ten years, the photo of their trademark has already become recognizable in the country. During this relatively short time, the company has sold more than ten thousand similar septic tanks, including autonomous sewage systems under the Topas 5 brand.

The group of companies guarantees its customers the proper quality of their products and a long service life. One of the criteria for these guarantees is that the manufacturer uses high-strength and high-quality material (polypropylene) when assembling the septic tank, and also uses the highest class equipment from the world's best brands in the station. These include Wegner, Metabo, Bosch, Leister. At the same time, the products are quite cheap.

Topol-Eco has a developed sales network in the largest cities of the country, and the production facilities themselves are located in the Moscow region in the small town of Lobnya. Photos of products and reviews about them can be viewed on the company’s official website.

Price

The price for a Topas 5 septic tank depends on its modification. But, in addition, the cost of the goods is influenced by the location of the customer to whom these products need to be delivered. The price when purchasing a septic tank from a warehouse located in Moscow will be as follows.

Name/ modification	Price in Moscow from the manufacturer’s warehouse (in rubles)	Price in Moscow from dealers' warehouse, discount available (in rubles)	Price in Novosibirsk (in rubles)
Septic tank mod. Topas 5 Long Pr	109800	125300	125500
Septic tank mod. Topas 5 Long	102500	113700	113500
Septic tank mod.	79900	91000	92000
Septic tank mod. Topas 5 Pr	86900	97700	96500

TOPAS MODEL RANGE

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Operating principle of TOPAS

The operation of Topas is based on the principle of a reactor with intermittent aeration, in which air is supplied not constantly, but cyclically with breaks for the settling phase. In addition, the Topas operating scheme includes a wastewater homogenizer (receiving chamber) with pre-aeration and a sludge settling tank-stabilizer. Diaphragm compressors are used to supply compressed air to aeration and airlift pumps. They have low power consumption and noise levels.

Topas is a compact and inexpensive installation for treating household wastewater that does not require:

• pumping with a sewer truck, due to the absence of a primary settling tank.
• high energy costs, power consumption 60-80 W.
• special tools and maintenance skills, anyone can clean it.

In addition, a normally operating Topas installation does not emit an unpleasant odor, which allows it to be used even in the absence of ventilation of the sewer riser (waste pipe). However, to prevent the breakdown of water seals on plumbing fixtures and the smell when the installation malfunctions, it is recommended to install a ventilation outlet.

NAME OF COMPARTMENTS

• A- Receiving chamber
• B- Aerotank
• B- Activated sludge stabilizer
• G- Secondary settling tank

TREATMENT PLANT CONSTRUCTION

• 1- Input of waste
• 2- Coarse filter
• 3- Airlift, main pump
• 4- Airlift recirculation
• 5- Air lift pumping sludge
• 6- Air lift of stabilized sludge
• 7- Compressors
• 8- Device for collecting non-recyclable particles
• 9- Output of purified water
• 10- Fine filter
• 11- Level sensor
• 12- Junction box for connecting the electrical supply. cable
• 13- Station on/off button
• 14- Control unit
• 15- Socket for connecting compressors

How Topas works

Let's look at the principle of operation of Topas using the example of the most common model Topas 5. Perhaps another model will suit you. The figure shows a diagram of the internal structure, and below describes the characteristics of the elements and the general operating principle of Topas-5.

(A) Receiving chamber Wastewater enters the receiving chamber. Unlike “classical installations” in Topas, the receiving chamber is equipped with an aerator to mix the drain and saturate it with air oxygen. Aeration in the receiving chamber is turned on when the flow level in it decreases to the operating minimum.

Thanks to this, instead of sediment settling and rotting, the flow in the receiving chamber is averaged in composition, and purification processes begin - the decomposition of molecules of organic compounds occurs under the action of enzymes secreted by bacteria.

(2) Coarse filter Small particles of contaminants mixed in the drain and passed through a filter with cells with a diameter of 10 mm enter the main pump. Large particles of dirt and debris remain in the receiving chamber.

(3) The main pump is an airlift, in which the air supplied by the compressor (9) lifts waste water through a pipe and pumps it into the aeration tank reactor. Pumping occurs evenly with low productivity and, unlike other types of pumps, without large expenditures of electricity and voltage surges caused by starting the pump.

(11) Float switch To switch operating modes of Topas, a float switch is installed in the receiving chamber. In the first phase, when the receiving chamber is filled with wastewater, the float rises and the first compressor turns on. It supplies compressed air to:

• aeration in the aeration tank-reactor (B),
• main pump (4),
• airlift recirculation (6) between the aeration tank and the secondary settling tank,
• standard sludge pump (8) (bubbling in the stabilizer sump).

When the drain level in the receiving chamber drops to the operating minimum, the float is lowered and the second compressor is turned on. The air supply switches to:

• aeration of the receiving chamber,
• airlift for pumping sludge from an aeration tank to a settling tank-stabilizer,
• airlift for removing grease film in the secondary settling tank,
• aeration in the secondary settling tank.

(B) Aerotank reactor The chamber in which the main wastewater treatment occurs with activated sludge microorganisms. Thanks to aeration, the runoff is maintained in suspension and saturated with air oxygen. During the settling phase, the sludge begins to settle to the bottom and the sludge particles combine into flakes. Due to a decrease in the amount of oxygen in the drain, bacteria begin to use dissolved nitrogen compounds - nitrates - for respiration, reducing them to nitrites and then to molecular nitrogen. Denitrification occurs - the removal of nitrates and nitrites.

(D) Secondary settling tank This is a chamber shaped like a truncated inverted pyramid and located in an aeration tank-reactor. Sludge settles in the settling tank and returns to the aeration tank through an opening at the bottom. Additionally, the mixture of water and sludge flows from the aeration tank-reactor into the secondary settling tank from above, using a recirculation airlift (6). This accelerates the process of sedimentation of sludge and clarification of water. A film of light fractions (fats, oils) is agitated by a bubbler in the upper layer of water and removed to the aeration tank by an airlift built into the pyramid. Treated wastewater is discharged outside by gravity through an outlet in the installation body or collected in a forced discharge tank with a pump installed in it.

Most quickly, dying sludge settles to the bottom of the aeration tank-reactor, which, during the settling phase in the aeration tank, is pumped using an airlift (8) into the sludge stabilizer settling tank (D). This is the smallest chamber in which sludge accumulates and mineralizes. Through the existing hole in the upper part, clarified sludge water flows back into the receiving chamber, thus closing the internal circulation process. A standard airlift pump is installed in the settling tank-stabilizer for pumping out sludge. This pump is turned off and the air supplied to it stirs up the sludge mass, preventing it from settling and compacting at the bottom. As part of self-service, a standard pump is used to pump out sludge; to avoid compaction of sludge in the stabilizer, pumping must be done once a quarter. You can pump out sludge 1-2 times a year (as part of maintenance) with a drainage (sewage) pump for contaminated water.

A few decades ago, many owners of private houses and any land plots would not even have suspected what convenient options for sewerage treatment engineers and inventors of modern sewerage technologies could come up with in the future.

That is why earlier for most people who would like to build an autonomous sewer system at home with biological treatment, the presence and use of a septic tank of the latest generations.

Today, one of such wonderful sewage treatment facilities is the Topas septic tank, which has its own special characteristics.

There are generally two groups of bacteria that are often used in the production and subsequent operation of modern septic tanks - anaerobic and aerobic bacteria.

Photo: bacteria for septic tank

Aerobic microorganisms live and act under the influence of oxygen, while anaerobic microorganisms are effective only in the absence of active oxygen. In the case of the Topas design, which contains aeration units that release small air bubbles.

Inside the containers there is activated sludge containing only aerobic bacteria.

These microorganisms can die if aggressive chemicals are often used in the household, which can often be discharged into autonomous sewer networks.

Important! Therefore, it is advisable not to use any solvents, alkali detergents, acid-containing cleaners or detergents. It is also advisable not to dispose of glass, ceramic, plastic, polyethylene or other solid, fibrous or any other insoluble substances down the drain.

After all, in a septic tank pumping unit does not have cutting elements that could crush all these objects, and therefore they can clog and damage all the mechanisms inside the septic tank.

Before choosing one or another Topas septic tank model, you need to thoroughly familiarize yourself with its models, the operating principle of the sewer installation, as well as its structure.

Important! It is very important to know all the technical characteristics and features of Topas septic tanks in order to prevent the formation of emergency situations and avoid improper operation.

Video: how often to service

Today, not only many hotels, but also septic tanks operate on the all-inclusive principle, providing a full cycle of wastewater treatment within one structure. This is convenient for owners who are deprived of the benefits of a public sewer system and are forced to call a sewer truck every month. And such services do not go to summer residents at all, so they have only two options: either a toilet on the street, as in the primitive age, or an expensive but profitable septic tank. In the post-Soviet space, treatment systems from the Russian manufacturer TOPOL-ECO, in particular the Topas septic tank, are very popular.

The company claims that the system purifies household wastewater by more than 95%, and at the output the owners receive sludge for fertilizer and water for household needs (for example, for irrigation). But such a result can only be achieved with proper installation, operation and maintenance of the septic tank. Let's look deeper into the nuances.

Structure and principle of operation of “Topas”

A special feature of the Topas septic tank is that the entire structure is assembled in one body, which is very convenient when installing the system. Cleaning of the contents occurs due to the activity of bacteria that feed on organic matter and decompose it into safe elements. Bacteria live inside the structure and maintain their numbers independently, fueled by sewage and oxygen.

If you open the lid and look inside the body, you will see that the septic tank is divided into 4 identical compartments, each of which performs its own functions. There are 2 compressors installed above the chambers in a separate plastic bunker, thanks to which the wastewater moves during the cleaning process and oxygen is pumped into the water.

All four chambers of the Topas septic tank are interconnected so that when there is a large flow of wastewater, the cleaning cycle is accelerated, and when it is weak, it is improved due to repeated distillation of sewage

More details on the compartments:

• Compartment No. 1. This is a chamber that receives everything that enters the septic tank through the sewer pipes. At first the effluent accumulates, but as soon as it rises to the level at which the float switch is set, it sends a signal to the first compressor. The automation is activated, and liquid waste begins to flow into the second compartment. Large particles settle to the bottom of the chamber. At the junction of chambers 1 and 2 there is a coarse filter and a device for catching hair.
• Compartment No. 2. Compartment No. 2, called the aeration tank, receives lightly filtered wastewater. They are attacked by hungry bacteria, which break down large particles into simpler ones and clean the water of organic matter. They are helped by a compressor that supplies oxygen to the chamber. It ensures the movement of wastewater by mixing it with activated sludge. The sludge acts as a filter, binding solid particles and foreign bodies that enter the septic tank with drainage.
• Compartment No. 3. All the liquid agitated by the compressor and bacteria flows into the third compartment, which is called the secondary settling tank. Inside the compartment there is a pyramid, into which the contents with sludge are supplied using an airlift. There the wastewater calms down and is separated into water and sludge. Old sludge, together with associated components, settles to the bottom, and fresh and lighter sludge returns back to compartment No. 1 to take part in further cleaning.
• Compartment No. 4. Receiver for purified water. Clarified water flows through the top of the stilling pyramid into compartment No. 4. There she waits until she rises to the level of the outlet in order to leave the septic tank.

If there is no influx of wastewater into compartment No. 1 or there is not enough of it to trigger the float, then a deeper purification of the contents occurs inside the septic tank. This is the so-called second phase of work. The wastewater circulates from chamber to chamber using an aeration tank compressor and airlifts.

The principle of operation of the Topas septic tank does not provide for long breaks in use. Anaerobic bacteria must receive “food” constantly, otherwise they will begin to die. Therefore, it is better to use such a system in houses where they live year-round or visit at least on weekends.

The compressors that pump oxygen and mix wastewater in the aeration tank and receiving chamber are interchangeable, so if they break down it’s easy to find a replacement

Features of maintenance and operation of the Topas septic tank

In order for the system to function without failures (and the manufacturer indicates that the topas can operate for about 50 years!), it is necessary to operate and maintain it correctly. Bacteria are “sensitive companions,” so you won’t be able to pour into the sewer everything that you could pour into a regular cesspool.

Forbidden:

• Discard any insoluble components, such as film, sand, lime, debris from mushrooms or berries, because they will end up in chambers that cannot be cleaned and can clog the compressors.
• Discard chlorine- and acid-containing products, alkalis, medicines, technical oils, as well as rotting remains of fruit and vegetable products, because they cause the death of bacteria.

Exceed the permissible daily volume of wastewater, because the quality of treatment will deteriorate.

When choosing a specific Topas model, you need to pay attention to how many plumbing fixtures it can serve. For example, Topas-5 is not designed for a bathtub and washing machine

Maintain the system as follows:

• Up to 4 times a year, silt sediment is removed with a drainage pump (you can directly apply it to the garden bed as fertilizer).
• The filter that retains solid particles of large fractions is cleaned monthly.
• Change membranes in compressors (every two years is sufficient).

They carry out a complete cleaning of the system and replacement of aerators - once every 10-12 years.

IN winter period at temperatures below 15 degrees, the manufacturer does not recommend lifting the septic tank lid to check the condition, otherwise the tightness of the system may be compromised

How to install a Topas septic tank yourself?

If you purchase the Topas septic tank model for the needs of one family, you can do the installation yourself. More powerful installations require the participation of large equipment and many people, so it is better to seek help from specialized companies.

The main installation steps are as follows:

1. A pit is dug, which should be 20 cm wider than the septic tank body on each side and 30 cm deeper.
2. At the same time, they dig a trench into which the supply sewer pipe will be laid with a slope towards the septic tank. This is necessary for the normal movement of waste.
3. If the pipe makes a turn in some places, then an inspection well is created at each bend.
4. Strengthen the bottom of the pit. If groundwater are located low, it is enough to pour a 30-centimeter layer of sand. If the groundwater level is high, a concrete base is poured (or a slab is laid), to which the structure is anchored with belts.
5. Place the septic tank on the base so that its lid and top of the body remain above the soil level. This is necessary to avoid flooding the system during floods.
6. Connect the pipes and set up a system for removing purified water.

The body, cover and pipes are insulated on all sides. You can use polystyrene foam, glass wool or other heat-insulating material. The free space between the insulation and the ground is filled with soil and compacted.

General installation diagram of the Topas aeration station (click to enlarge)

When digging a pit by hand, formwork must be installed to avoid soil collapse, and the bottom is lined with sand or filled with concrete

To prevent groundwater from entering the septic tank during the rainy season and floods, the lid and upper part of the body are left above the soil level

The Topas septic tank is a well-developed and well-coordinated system for treating waste liquids, completely safe for the home and the human body, and the ecosystem of the entire suburban structure, or any other property in which it is installed. Provided high level cleaning quality thanks to its unique design, and most importantly, its operating principle. What is noteworthy is that the Topas septic tank does not emit any foreign odors during operation, which are pungent and, in some cases, hazardous to the health of the potential consumer.

It works in a completely autonomous mode, which can be perfectly analyzed on video; there is no need for special maintenance, as well as calling for vacuum cleaners. Ultimately, this is an excellent opportunity to save some material resources, reducing all unit maintenance costs to a minimum. Typically, in the overall context, such savings will be significant, creating good conditions on site at minimal cost.

Functional features of the aeration station

The principle on which the Topas septic tank operates is the use of aeration mechanisms with small bubbles. This approach allows you to quickly and efficiently minimal costs resources to speed up the subsequent processing of biological elements, significantly increase the degree of purification of the liquid, and eliminate extremely undesirable elements from it. The Topas septic tank has the following features:

• The ability to increase the degree of liquid purification up to 98%, which sets it apart from similar equipment. It is also based on the biochemical destruction of complex components through the inclusion of special bacteria.
• The anaerobic bacteria used in the device are completely harmless to the user, because they are created without the use of various chemical components and substances. Thanks to the natural process and functionality of the respiration of microorganisms, a completely high-quality breakdown of substances that are currently present in the liquid is ensured.
• As a result of such exposure, the liquid effluents become transparent and also stop rotting, releasing harmful components (such as Botulox) into the atmosphere.

Process of purification of wastewater components

The very process by which the Topas septic tank operates and serves provides for the following:

• At the first stage, the liquid that needs to be purified enters a special technological receiving chamber, where the process of preliminary cleaning of components takes place. This procedure combines separate biological and mechanical cleaning, thanks to high-quality aeration that can separate large and massive elements into individual microparticles.
• In operation, the Topas septic tank also allows you to separate organic and inorganic elements into separate groups; after completion of this process, a passive sediment is formed in the lower part, which will include components and substances that are not capable of decomposition.
• From the video, you can analyze that, ultimately, the liquid enters a special aeration tank, where the necessary conditions are created for the subsequent vital activity of microorganisms that perform the cleaning procedure itself. It is in this place that the main wastewater treatment will be carried out, which is offered by the Topas septic tank.
• The main “tool” for cleaning, as can be seen in the video, is activated sludge, which also contains pre-purified liquid. Upon completion of this process, the sludge is returned to the aeration tank, where a new portion of liquid is ready for cleaning.
• After this stage, the liquid moves into a “pyramid”, under which a specially constructed settling tank is provided as part of the structure. The video shows how activated sludge and liquid are placed in this part of the structure. The sludge is subsequently collected in a stabilizer, from where it will need to be removed in a timely manner. The sludge produced as a result of cleaning is easily used on the site as fertilizer.

Key Features and Specifications

We can highlight some main characteristics due to which the cleaning method is positioned as the best solution on the market:

• High efficiency of wastewater treatment, regardless of the degree of contamination.
• Quite light weight and compact product.
• Low energy consumption during operation.
• A fully automated control system, which will eliminate the need for additional complex maintenance and operation.
• High tightness of the structure, individual elements, thereby preventing the penetration of unpleasant odors emanating from sediments in the drains.
• The absence of any noise, the design works quietly and as comfortably as possible, without causing discomfort to the owner of the facility.
• A huge range of models; you can select equipment to perform completely different jobs within one facility, based on its technical parameters.

It is worth noting that this method has proven itself to be a practical and reliable solution for water purification, capable of easily and without problems achieving the desired result with minimal investment. What is noteworthy is that it can be installed in the infrastructure of a personal plot quite easily and with minimal cost and effort on the part of a potential consumer.

Installation of a Topas septic tank with your own hands - connection according to a proven scheme

1.Characteristics and advantages of installing Topas
2. Operating principle of the Topas septic tank
3. Features of the operation of septic tank chambers
4. Installation of a Topas septic tank
5. Septic tank maintenance

Thanks to the advent of septic tanks such as Topas, there is no longer a need to independently build a treatment facility in a suburban area.

The process of processing sewage in them occurs using modern biological products. This stage of cleaning is carried out in such a way that the nature in the surrounding area does not suffer.

The Topas station is an environmentally friendly installation that complies with the current standards in the Russian Federation regarding the removal and processing of sewage.

Its main advantage is the ability to install the equipment yourself.

Characteristics and advantages of installing Topas

Installing a Topas septic tank with your own hands in a country house is justified, since the station is characterized by:

• high cleaning efficiency;
• economical power consumption;
• absence of noise during operation;
• compactness;
• tightness;
• no need for special care during operation.

You can choose a specific model of the Topas bio-treatment station for a specific house, based on the number of people permanently residing in the building and coming to visit.

So, for example, the Topas-8 septic tank is capable of serving a family of 8 members, and Topas-5 - of 5 people. The equipment will last a long time if the rules for its operation are followed. To do this, before installing a Topas septic tank, you should carefully study the instructions.

From it you can find out what it is strictly forbidden to throw away and flush into the sewer:

• vegetables that have become unusable;
• sand and other building materials;
• rubber, bags, cigarette filters and other products that are not biodegradable;
• water containing oxidizing agents;
• liquid with a high content of chlorine compounds;
• medicinal preparations;
• automotive consumables.

At the same time, discharge into the Topas septic tank is permitted:

• toilet paper;
• water containing washing powder;
• used liquid for kitchen, bath and shower needs.

Operating principle of the Topas septic tank

The design of the station is different in that it has a single compact body. Thanks to this, installing a Topas septic tank with your own hands is an easy job.

It was already said earlier that wastewater treatment in it is carried out by bacteria, the nutrient medium of which is organic waste and oxygen. Microorganisms decompose sewage into safe elements. There is no need to replenish stocks of biological products, since they reproduce on their own. Read also: “The principle of operation of the Topas septic tank - how the system works.”

Inside, the Topas cleaning station is divided into 4 compartments. Each of them performs its own function. In a separate plastic bin there are two compressors that support the vital activity of bacteria - as a result of which the decomposition process occurs faster, because the liquid is saturated with oxygen.

Features of the operation of septic tank chambers

First compartment.

All sewage flows into it through a pipeline. A float switch is located at a certain height. When the chamber fills, it transmits a signal to the first compressor. In automatic mode, the wastewater is redirected to the second compartment. In this case, all large fractions remain at the bottom of the first chamber. At the entrance to the second part of the septic tank, a coarse filter is installed that can even catch hair.

Second compartment (aeration tank).

It contains pre-filtered wastewater. They feed on bacteria that break down organic large fractions. In order to speed up the processing process, the compressor supplies oxygen to the chamber. The effluent begins to accelerate its movement, mixing with activated sludge. In this process, sludge plays a key role, since it serves as a kind of filter that connects solid particles and foreign bodies that accidentally fall into the septic tank.

Third compartment.

Liquid waste, agitated by the activity of bacteria, flows into the next chamber. It is assigned the function of a secondary settling tank. The third part of the treatment plant is equipped with a pyramid. In this compartment, the wastewater is separated into water and sediment. Old sludge, together with binding components, sinks to the bottom, and fresh and lighter sludge is sent to the first chamber for the purpose of additional purification.

Fourth compartment.

This chamber is designed for water purification. The clarified liquid, passing through the top of the stilling pyramid located in the third compartment, enters the last, fourth part of the installation. There is a hole in it at a certain height, thanks to which the water completely leaves the septic tank.

Provided that the inflow into the first chamber is weak, deeper cleaning begins inside the installation.

This is the second part of the cleaning process, during which wastewater begins to circulate from one compartment to another using an aeration tank, compressor and airlift.
The operation of the Topas septic tank does not provide for long interruptions due to the lack of drainage.

The fact is that anaerobic bacteria die if they do not receive “food”. Based on this, we can conclude that it makes sense to use such a treatment plant in a suburban area, when residents live in the house permanently or at least several days a week.

Installation of a Topas septic tank

Do-it-yourself installation of a Topas septic tank is carried out in stages. Each of them is carried out in accordance with the instructions.

Sometimes the installation method may change due to the design features of individual models.

The sequence of actions for self-installation of the Topas station shown in the photo is as follows:

Step one. First of all, you need to decide on the location where the Topas septic tank will be located. According to the instructions, it cannot be placed closer than 5 meters from a residential building.

Step two.

When you build a Topas septic tank with your own hands, the size of the pit that will need to be dug depends on the station parameter. For example, the dimensions of Topas 5 are 1000x1200x1400 in millimeters. For such an installation, you should dig a pit measuring 1800×1800×2400 millimeters.

Step three.

It is necessary to install formwork in the prepared pit, and after it create a 15-centimeter sand cushion. As a result, the septic tank will rise 15 centimeters above the soil surface, and thus the operation process will become more convenient. If this rule is neglected, when the snow melts in the spring, the station may be flooded. As a result of water ingress, compressors and other systems will stop functioning.

When choosing a Topas septic tank model, you need to take into account the depth of groundwater.

If they are located close to the surface of the earth, you should give preference to a product marked “PR”. These installations provide for the forced removal of treated wastewater.
Step four. The installation diagram of the Topas septic tank is simple, and in addition, device models 5 and 8 can be installed without the use of special equipment.

The station is lowered into the prepared pit using cables - they are threaded through special holes located on the stiffeners.

Step five. After installation of the station is completed, it is necessary to install network engineering. Connecting a Topas septic tank begins with connecting the sewerage system, for which pipes with a diameter of 110 millimeters are used. They are mounted with a slope of 1-2 centimeters per meter.

The insertion depth can be 70–80 centimeters, it depends on the distance of the cleaning station from the house.

When the distance from the building to the house is 10 meters, and the pipe insertion is made at a depth of 70 centimeters, then the exit in the building will be located at a depth of 50 centimeters from the surface of the earth.
Step six. At this stage, the station is sealed.

For sewer pipe make a hole with a diameter of 105–108 millimeters. Sealing should be done in accordance with the instructions. The pipe inserted into the finished hole is soldered using a polypropylene cord and using a hair dryer. When the connection has hardened, the sewer pipe is attached to the pipe.

The housing must be leveled before sealing.

Step seven. Now you need to connect the electricity and normalize the pressure. The installation instructions always come with a connection diagram for the Topas septic tank, which you should refer to. To connect to the power supply, use a PVA cable with a cross section of 3×1.5.

It is placed in a corrugated pipe intended for earthworks. Usually it is laid in the same trench with a sewer pipe.

The cable is connected to the terminals through a specially prepared hole, and in the house - to a panel on a separate 6-16 A circuit breaker.

Step eight.

Finally, you need to do an important job - normalize the pressure. This process is carried out simultaneously with sprinkling the station.

Septic tank Topas: scope of application, features of the model range, installation and maintenance

The container is filled with water and covered with earth in equal proportions. These steps are repeated until the septic tank is completely immersed in the ground. Self-installation of Topas will allow the homeowner to save family money.

Septic tank maintenance

According to the manufacturer, the Topas biotreatment station is capable of operating for a long period of time - about 50 years.

This can be achieved provided that the septic tank is properly maintained during operation (for more details: “Topas septic tank: do-it-yourself maintenance and cleaning”). Earlier in the article, actions that should not be performed under any circumstances were already mentioned. The limitations are due to the fact that bacteria require certain conditions for their life.

Failure to comply with these simple requirements will result in the system functioning malfunctioning and one day failing.

When carrying out maintenance, once every four years it is necessary to clean the septic tank from sludge using a drainage pump. Sludge can be discharged directly to garden beds, since it is a high-quality fertilizer.

Once a month you need to clean the coarse filter.

The membrane should be changed at least once every two years. After 10 years of operation, it is necessary to completely clean the chambers of the Topas septic tank and change the aerator.

Since the Topas sewerage system is a volatile installation, it is necessary to connect an electrical cable to it to power the compressors. The power consumption of Topas is small, about 60-80 W.

Septic tank Topas - operating principle and device: video and review

But the power cable will be laid in the ground, so you need to comply building codes and technology.

If the customer chooses Topas along with the installation of an alarm system, and it will be installed in the house, then the cable should be selected with a 4-wire cable. “Phase”, “zero”, “ground”, and the last wire (black) is used to supply voltage to the alarm light in the house.

If the emergency signal is placed on the top of the Topas or it is not used at all, then a 3-core cable is sufficient, through which “phase”, “zero”, and “ground” are supplied.

The cable type is selected based on the installation conditions.

The VVG cable must be additionally protected from soil influence. VBBShvng armored cable of reduced fire hazard can be laid directly into the ground. Service life of at least 30 years.

The station should be connected to the power supply in the house only through the distribution board to a separate circuit breaker.

It is prohibited to connect Topas to a power outlet or together with other energy consuming devices. For Topas 5-40 you need a 10 A switch, for Topas 50-150 - 16 A. If the residents of the house may be absent for several days, then such a separate switch does not need to be turned off. This mode is more preferable than periodic switching on and off, since aerobic bacteria in this case do not experience oxygen starvation.

To ensure a continuous supply of oxygen for the operation of aerobic bacteria, the Topas station can be connected to an uninterruptible power supply.

The operating voltage required for Topas to operate is 220V ±5%. In order to prevent the consequences of possible voltage surges, it is recommended to install a voltage stabilizer.

To enter the electrical cable into the station, sealed couplings are used. The cable is inserted into the control unit and connected to the corresponding terminals “phase”, “zero”, “ground”.

Operating principle of Topas

Operating principle of TOPAS stations is based on the process of fine-bubble aeration of domestic wastewater and the associated deep biological treatment, which is based on the biochemical decomposition of wastewater by microorganisms.

Below, as in Wikipedia, information on the technology and chemistry of the cleaning process in sewerage stations is presented.

Schematic flow diagram

For a more detailed description of the station's operation, its schematic diagram is given below.

1. Schematic diagram Topas

1. Receiving chamber or surge tank

Aerotank

3. Secondary settling tank

Sludge stabilizer

Work phases

Chemistry of the process

The above is a brief summary of the fundamental technological installation operation diagram.

Now a little about the chemistry of the process and the phases of work...

Wastewater treatment is a complex multi-stage process that involves many microorganisms that make up activated sludge.

Let's consider the main stages of purification occurring in deep biological treatment stations.

1) Biochemical oxidation of organic substances

During aeration in the receiving chamber and aeration tank, the organic substances contained in the wastewater are destroyed.

How does this happen?

Aerobic bacteria responsible for the oxidation of organic matter produce special substances - enzymes that help oxidize wastewater organic matter. Some enzymes are secreted outside by the bacterial cell (exoenzymes), where they oxidize dissolved organic substances to a state where the oxidized substance can penetrate the bacterial cell. The second part of the enzymes is located in the cell itself (endoenzymes) and oxidizes what gets inside.

This mechanism can be compared to human food intake: first, the food is chewed, crushed, and then the prepared food is digested in the stomach.

The biochemical oxidation process is necessary for two purposes:

To feed the bacterial cell using the released energy.

It can be represented schematically as

For the formation of new cells

2) Nitrification and denitrification

An important step in wastewater treatment is the processes of nitrification/denitrification.

Operating principle of the TOPAS septic tank

Nitrification is the process of oxidation of ammonia nitrogen by a separate group of nitrifying aerobic bacteria using enzymes. In wastewater, ammonia nitrogen is presented mainly in the form of human waste products, ammonia and urea, and also to a lesser extent in the form of other organic compounds (amino acids, proteins), which are oxidized to form the same ammonia.

The process, like biochemical oxidation, takes place during aeration of wastewater in an aeration tank; it can be schematically represented as follows:

Denitrification is the process of reducing nitrates formed at the nitrification stage to molecular nitrogen by denitrifying anaerobic bacteria. It is part of anaerobic respiration, roughly speaking, nitrates and their reduction products are used instead of oxygen to oxidize organic substances.

The process occurs without the participation of oxygen, so denitrification occurs in the aeration tank with aeration turned off.

3) Phosphorus removal

Phosphorus in wastewater is found in insoluble compounds, organic compounds and in the form of soluble compounds (phosphates and polyphosphates), the latter must be removed.

Part of the phosphorus is spent on the formation of new cells of activated sludge microorganisms, since phosphorus, along with nitrogen, is a biogenic element (necessary for normal life activity and reproduction). Part of it turns into insoluble compounds by forming complexes with Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe3+, Al3+ found in wastewater.

As a result, qualitatively, we have phosphorus purification of about 30%.

Degree of purification

As a result of the ongoing processes and subject to compliance with the technology, we have the following cleaning indicators:

How does Topaz 5 work?

Often, in suburban areas of houses or summer cottages, the problem arises of arranging a sewer system that meets sanitary standards and does not cause unpleasant odors. This problem can be solved, since the Topas 5 deep-action station is capable of replacing storage tanks and cesspools, the technical characteristics of which comply with all sanitary and hygienic standards, and the operating principle is based on the aerobic treatment of household wastewater.

Technical characteristics of the septic tank

TO The septic tank body consists of high-strength polypropylene material, which is not subject to corrosion defects and withstands mechanical damage.

Detailed operating principle of the topas station

The collector pipeline is inserted at the bottom of a pit 80 cm deep. The weight category of the septic tank is 250 kg. To install it, a trench measuring 1.8x1.8 m and 2.4 meters deep is dug. The plant's cleaning operations can be maintained year-round or seasonally.

Effluents that undergo equipment cleaning stages are suitable for recycling for domestic or agricultural purposes.

During the cleaning process, sludge accumulates, which can later serve as compost fertilizer. During operation, the septic tank consumes a minimum of electricity.

The system has technical differences that require constant addition of new anaerobic microorganisms. They are able to reproduce in their habitat and receive nourishment from substances found in household waste. Station Topas 5 is completely gravity-fed: all water is drained into a drainage or pit on its own.

Features of the functionality of a septic tank

Topas 5 station is designed for a family of five people.

It meets all the principles of quality according to international technical standards, carrying out a full cycle of wastewater treatment. All stages take place inside the equipment, without contact with the environment.

Cleaning in the Topaz system is carried out in stages, passing through four tanks:

receiving compartment;

air tank;

re-cleaning tank;

activated sludge stabilization tank.

The operation of the Topas 5 station ensures the purification of household wastewater by 98%.

The waste, flowing through the sewer pipe, enters the receiving compartment, which contains filters, the principle of which consists of separating large substances from small ones. Then, using an airlift, the semi-purified water flows into the air tank. Here, the wastewater is subjected to oxidation and the breakdown of remaining large particles due to anaerobic action. Bacteria decompose waste under the supply of oxygen, forming fine bubble aeration.

The characteristics of the working action of anaerobic bacteria make it possible to achieve high-quality wastewater treatment without the use of chemical reagents, which indicates its harmlessness.

The operating principle of the Topas 5 station is shown in the video instructions, which can be asked from the manufacturer.

After aeration, the wastewater is sent to a stabilizing compartment with activated sludge, after which it is discharged outside in a purified, odorless state.

After settling, the activated sludge moves to the main treatment tank with repeated passages through the aeration tank. These characteristics are an important factor in the maintenance performance of the septic tank.

After stabilization, the sludge will serve good fertilizer for garden plants.

Septic tank installation

Conducting installation steps After installing the equipment, you will need to select a location for its location. To avoid soil collapse, the trench walls are equipped with wooden formwork.

The Topas septic tank is built into a sand flooring 150 mm high. Next, the installation is backfilled with fine sand. Backfilling work is carried out slowly, without soil pressure on the septic tank. Simultaneously with backfilling, the station is filled with water to regulate the pressure on the internal and external walls of the installation.

The final stage of installation consists of:

connecting the station to the collector pipeline;

connecting communication elements;

electrical cable connection;

compressor connection and its settings;

preliminary check, after which the septic tank is ready to start.

You can see the equipment installation work in the training video.

Operating instructions for septic tank Topaz

The instructions for using the autonomous station of this model include the following recommendations:

Beware of getting chemicals inside the station that can cause the death of anaerobic bacteria, the principle of action of which is important at the preliminary stage of cleaning.

Prohibited substances include alkali, medications, and acids.

It is unacceptable to flush expired canned goods, rotten vegetables and fruits down the drain.

If the electricity supply is unstable, it is necessary to reduce water consumption. Neglecting this point can cause wastewater to overflow into the soil, thereby causing environmental damage to the surrounding environment.

Replace all components of the system in a timely manner and promptly clean the septic tank from accumulated sediment.

Septic tank Topas is the optimal solution for purifying sewage drains on your suburban area.

And if you provide stations correct installation and further use, the installation will last for many years.

The beginning of the autonomous sewerage system Topas.

In what cases does a septic tank work? Firstly, after all the work on the station layout. Secondly, with the beginning of the spring dacha season, when your autonomous sewer system clogged in winter. So what do you need to do to get your Topas Septic Tank working?

• Open the cover of the winter heating unit, clear it of any dirt or snow and open it.
• We perform a visual inspection of the internal septic chambers; the water level should be the same as in the fall.

  As a rule, the septic tank is filled with 2/3 water and the line level in all chambers is sufficient so that the capacity of independent wastewater is not compressed in the spring, and groundwater is not crushed by external pressure, rather than the soil - a thick layer of ice formed at the station.

  Autonomous sewage system Topas

  The material from which the autonomous sewer system is made allows for repairs. Just call the service company, a specialist will come and repair the situation.

• Check that the power cord, for ease of visualization, is connected to an independent sewer or not.

  If not, connect and follow all safety precautions (it's best to have an expert do this).

• Install the compressor (fan), insert it into the sockets (numbered). Autonomous sewage system Topas comes with two compressors.
• Install a sump pump inside the septic tank (if there is a self-contained drainage system with forced outlet of purified water), insert it into a power outlet.
• Turn on the automatic septic tank on the panel.
• Turn the switch on the control unit cesspool to the “ON” position.

  At the same time, it should receive one compressor. The water in the ventilation tank will rotate - the fan will turn on, and air will flow from the air channel of the receiving chamber.

  It performs a self-contained wastewater treatment system that can be used.

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Don't forget that before the Topas septic tank is running at full capacity, it will take 2-3 weeks for the wastewater to begin to be 98% clear.

This period is necessary for the formation of a colony of aerobic bacteria. It is also worth checking the flow of wastewater from the house into the battery drain receiving chamber to see if the installation of the inlet pipe is incorrect (the level is offset), and then it may form an ice plug.

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