A spacious house, to the last detail corresponding to a personal ideal, is a dream. It is impossible to buy such a house, it can only be built. Practice shows that it does not matter whether the construction of a two-story house will be carried out with your own hands, or by the construction team, personal control at each stage of work cannot be avoided. By the end of construction, all homeowners thoroughly know the technical aspects of construction. But the Dream House is received only by those who have mastered the theoretical base in advance.
Step one - site selection
Plots without flaws on which to build two-storey house, are rare, in life you always have to find a compromise. The location of the site is evaluated in terms of whether it will be convenient to get there and how long the daily journey will take. The hilly terrain of the site can complicate construction. The construction of retaining walls, pile foundation increases the complexity and cost of work.
It is preferable to have communications - electricity, gas pipeline, water supply, sewerage. If there is no centralized network, the cost of installation and maintenance of a well, power plant, solid fuel or electric boiler is calculated. Depth and quality are taken into account ground water. You can get rid of these complex issues in a simple way: buy a house in a cottage village, for example, http://berezka4s.ru/houses/. In such types of housing, all the amenities of life have already been thought out. The truth is, you have to pay for everything.
Step two - paperwork
Before the start of construction work, it is necessary to correctly draw up construction documents. They are received in the following order:
- Design permit - obtained from the local executive authority;
- Architectural and planning task - issued by the Department of Architecture;
- Specifications of providers of water and gas supply services, power networks;
- House project - created individually or bought ready-made http://proekt-sam.ru/;
- Examination and approval of the project;
- Building permit.
The choice of a two-story project allows you to get a large area of \u200b\u200bthe house with an equal building area.
Step three - arranging the foundation
Before starting work, it is necessary to ensure the availability of water and electricity on the site. The external and internal contour of the foundation is marked on the site, carefully maintaining the accuracy of the angles. The optimal type of foundation is determined by the load that it has to withstand and the properties of the soil:
- Tape;
- Monolithic-slab;
- Columnar;
- Pile.
The strip foundation is suitable for the construction of a two-story house from all types of material. Its use is limited by swampy, unstable soils and surface occurrence of groundwater. A trench is dug to build the foundation. The optimal depth of the strip foundation is 0.8 m per floor of the house, and with a two-story building it should be more than 1.6 m. A gravel-sand cushion 30 cm thick is arranged in the trench from equal layers of compacted sand and crushed stone. Then the formwork of a given width is mounted. For the convenience of creating formwork, the width of the trench should be 50 cm greater than the width of the foundation.
It is desirable to create a belt of cement mortar with a thickness of 10 cm. The formwork contains a reinforcing frame of horizontal and vertical chords fixed with a knitting wire. Before concrete work, mortgages are installed for the subsequent laying of communications. The formwork is ready for concrete pouring. Filling must be done in one step to avoid butt joints that reduce the strength of the structure. Before hardening, concrete is compacted with a construction vibrator, eliminating air pockets. The formwork can be dismantled after the concrete has gained primary strength, after 5-7 days. The foundation is waterproofed with bituminous mastic, roll materials or sprayed compositions.
A columnar foundation is more economical, but is only suitable for objects made of light materials - wooden or frame houses. Foundation pillars are built in places where the load is concentrated - the corners of the house, the intersection of walls, load-bearing walls. The distance between the pillars is 2-2.5 m. They are made of concrete, wood, brick or rubble-concrete mixture. Wood for poles is treated with antiseptic solutions. Along the contour of the foundation, a binding of brick or concrete is carried out, with a height of ¼ of the span length.
The foundation in the form of a monolithic concrete slab is used for surface occurrence of groundwater and the construction of heavy buildings on unstable soils. It is rarely used in private buildings.
The pile foundation is suitable for construction in areas with complex terrain or deformable soil. For such a foundation, piles are screwed or driven into the ground, and a monolithic connecting belt is formed along the perimeter, as in the arrangement of a columnar foundation.
Step Three - Building the Walls
Wall construction technology depends on the material chosen. As a material for the construction of a two-story residential building use:
- Wood - chopped or rounded logs, wooden beams - sawn, planed, profiled or glued;
- Brick - ceramic, clinker, silicate, facing;
- Ceramic blocks;
- Lightweight concrete blocks - gas and foam concrete;
- Thermoblocks;
- Limestone-shell rock;
- Frame structures.
When deciding how to build a two-story house with your own hands, it should be noted that it is impossible to build wooden walls alone.
Regardless of the material chosen, during the construction process, they control the observance of angles, verticals and horizontals. During the construction of walls, voids are formed in the places of door and window openings, over which wooden, metal or reinforced concrete lintels are installed. The lintels are laid into the wall by 20-25 cm. Upon reaching the required floor height, a reinforced concrete or brick armored belt is constructed, which takes on the weight of the ceilings and protects the wall material from damage.
Step three - interfloor and attic flooring
The ceiling is made of wood, monolithic or slab reinforced concrete. The material for creating a wooden floor is beams impregnated with an antiseptic solution. The step of the beams is calculated taking into account the upcoming load to exclude surface deformation during operation. The space between the beams is filled with thermal insulation material, which performs the function of sound absorption in the interfloor ceilings. The distance between the beams is carried out by boards or shields. Reinforced concrete floors are made from a monolithic reinforced concrete slab or prefabricated slabs.
Regardless of the material of the ceilings, technological openings for ventilation and smoke ducts are equipped in them. In the interfloor overlap, an opening for the stairs is provided. The staircase is attached to load-bearing walls and is designed as a single-flight or two-flight. With a small size of the room that does not allow the placement of a mid-flight staircase, preference is given to screw design. In this case, the place of the stairwell in the ceiling may not adjoin the wall. If the project provides for a balcony, then the interfloor overlap should extend beyond the outer walls in appropriate places.
Step four - roofing
When choosing how to build a two-story house, take into account that complex multi-level roofs increase the visual appeal of the object. Wooden structural elements are treated with an antiseptic before installation, and after - with antipyretic impregnations. On the reinforcing belt, made along the perimeter of the walls of the house, a wooden strapping is attached with anchors - Mauerlat, to which the rafter system is fixed.
The pitch of the rafters and their cross section are calculated at the design stage. Depending on the roofing material used, a crate of bars (for slate or metal tiles) or a solid crate of moisture-resistant plywood (for bituminous tiles) is mounted. A roofing material with preliminary waterproofing is mounted on the crate, if the technology requires it. Snow-retaining barriers are installed on the metal tile. A drainage system is installed around the perimeter of the house.
Step five - arranging the blind area
To protect the foundation, it is necessary to level the soil with a slight (up to 5 cm) depression. Concrete is poured in a layer of about 8 cm with a slope in the direction from the wall within 3-5ᵒ. At the same time, a drainage system is installed in the blind area.
Five steps to the Dream House completed. Let this be just the beginning of the journey, and difficulties lie ahead internal works, but now you know exactly how to make a two-story house. Unless, of course, the article was read before construction.
A two-story house is always better than a one-story house. Especially if the family is big. A very good option is to build a two-story house from foam blocks. Good because such construction will cost less than a brick house. And such a structure looks quite attractive, it is not too difficult to build it.
Where to start building
Naturally, from the foundation.
Foam concrete is not too heavy a material, therefore, for the construction of a two-story house, you can use a strip foundation, buried to the depth of soil freezing, that is, one and a half meters.
First you need to clear the site for the future home and level it. Then, with the help of ropes with pegs, places are marked where trenches will be dug. They should be under each wall of the house.
Trenches are dug to a depth of 1.5 meters, a layer of gravel and a sand cushion are poured onto the bottom. Cellophane is laid to prevent dehydration of the concrete mixture, and formwork from boards is installed.
Inside the formwork, reinforcement is made of a metal rod, which is attached to each other in the form of a lattice. The thickness of the rod is 10-12 mm. Cell width - 300-400 mm. The rod is fastened together with a knitting wire.
Then concrete is prepared from cement, sand and gravel in proportions of 1/3/5, and poured into the formwork. Concrete gains its strength within 6 weeks.
Other types of foundations
In addition to the strip foundation, a slab or pile foundation can be built for a two-story foam concrete house.
slab foundation
The foundation is named so because it is a concrete slab on which the house stands.
In order to make such a foundation, you need to dig a pit slightly larger than the size of the house. The depth of the pit is 25-35 cm. A thin layer of rubble is poured onto the bottom and a sand cushion is compacted.
You need to tamp carefully so that you can walk on the sand without leaving marks.
A cement screed 10 mm thick is made on top of the sand. The solution for it is made from cement and sand in a ratio of 1 to 3.
After the screed is made, a roofing material is laid on it, which will serve as a waterproofing. The seams are processed with a blowtorch, and the edges extend beyond the sand cushion so that they can be folded onto the concrete foundation slab. Then a formwork is constructed from boards around the pit with a sand cushion. Inside the formwork, reinforcement is made with a metal bar. You should get two grids located one above the other.
Now you can pour concrete. But first, a heater is installed along the formwork, for example, foam. The concrete mixture should gain its strength for a month and a half, then roofing material is again laid on top. You can build walls.
pile foundation
In individual construction, screw piles are most often used. Because they do not need to be hammered in, they do not require the use of special equipment to install them.
The piles are screwed into the ground and cut so that they are on the same level. They are tied with a metal channel.
When choosing a foundation, you need to take into account that if there are floors made of reinforced concrete slabs in a two-story house, then it is best to choose strip foundation. Since the weight of the house will increase.
We build a house of foam concrete blocks on a strip foundation
As already mentioned, the foundation needs to gain its strength. After about a month and a half, you can start building walls.
If you have built a strip foundation, buried to the depth of soil freezing, then a small basement can be made under the house.
To do this, a hole is dug under one of the rooms of the house so that the concrete tape serves as the walls of the basement. This is usually done under the future kitchen or under the hallway.
The basement must be dug before the walls are erected. This makes it easier to take out the ground.
Before building walls, you need to make a plan of where the window and door openings will be located. After all, the appearance of the house largely depends on this.
Place blocks using building level and plumb lines. Especially, you need to pay attention to the first rows. After all, if they are laid unevenly, the entire masonry will suffer.
Depending on the quality of foam concrete blocks, they are placed either on mortar or on glue.
When the walls of the first floor are raised to the desired height, formwork is installed along all the walls, on top, metal bars are laid and concrete is poured. A concrete belt is formed, which gives the structure additional strength. The solution for it is made the same as for pouring the foundation.
After the concrete belt has gained the necessary strength, proceed to the installation of the ceiling.
If the floors are reinforced concrete, then special lifting equipment will be needed.
If it is not possible to use the technique, then you can make wooden floors from the laid timber or round timber. Such material can be lifted up with a hand winch.
Boards are laid on the wooden floors between floors from above, and the ceiling is mounted from below. All voids are filled mineral wool for warming.
Ladder
Naturally, if there are two floors, then there should be a staircase.
For her, you need to determine the place in the process of drawing up a house plan. The ladder should be located so as not to block the corridor and not interfere. It should fit well with the interior of the room.
If lifting equipment is used for the installation of ceilings, ready-made flights of stairs made of reinforced concrete can be installed. Usually they make two marches connected by a platform.
If space permits, then you can make a single-flight staircase without a platform.
If, on the contrary, there is not enough space, then they make a spiral staircase.
When installing the ceiling, it is necessary to provide for the place where the staircase will exit and leave an opening there.
In addition to reinforced concrete, stairs can be made of wood or metal. Skillfully designed, it can serve as a noticeable decoration of the interior.
After the installation of the ceilings, proceed to the construction of the walls of the second floor.
If you plan to make a balcony, then this must be foreseen in advance. It is done so that the overlap extends beyond the wall to the desired distance.
The walls of the second floor are built in the same way as the walls of the first floor were built. After the walls are raised, the concrete belt is again poured from above. For the upper floor, you can not use slabs, but make it wooden.
If there is just an attic on top, then the so-called black ceiling is mounted from various wooden waste. The ceiling of the room is made from below, and from above such an overlap is smeared with clay mixed with straw. After drying, the clay serves as a good thermal insulation. Additionally, expanded clay can be poured on it.
Roof
After all these works, the rafters are mounted. They can be made either from wooden beams, or from thick boards.
At one end, the rafters lie on the concrete belt of the second floor.
After the rafters are made, proceed to the installation of the roof.
Roofing material is selected depending on the appearance of the house. From what will be the exterior finish.
Warming
The house of foam concrete needs insulation.
You can insulate it both from the outside and from the inside. And it is possible only from the inside.
Any suitable material is chosen as a heater. Usually, foam is chosen for external insulation, as a cheaper material. For the inside - penoflex, or another similar to it.
Many heaters have a special connection to facilitate installation.
If the floors of the second floor are made of reinforced concrete, it is necessary to insulate them as well. This is done during the installation of the floor of the second floor.
If you can’t afford to build a two-story house from foam blocks, and you need additional space, then you can solve the problem with the help of an extension. You can see how to implement it.
A two-story house made of foam blocks - quite a lot of buildings are now being built from foam blocks, especially in suburban construction. The project of such a building will allow you to build a house of a large area even on a small plot and to arrange the rooms favorably.
As a rule, common rooms are located on the first floor: a kitchen, a living room, a dining room, and on the second floor there are bedrooms and children's rooms. Small two-story houses made of foam blocks are relatively inexpensive, and are built much faster than brick ones.
Advantages of using foam concrete blocks for construction
Due to its uniqueness, it is becoming more and more common in construction:
- Foam blocks are made of foamed cellular concrete, which has a sufficiently high strength and is convenient in construction;
- The blocks are well shaped and easy to cut. They are larger in size than a brick, which allows you to speed up the construction of walls;
- They can be easily combined, which allows you to build a variety of buildings according to individual projects. Finding such projects of two-story foam block houses for free is not difficult now, as foam concrete is becoming more and more popular;
- The material is made from natural raw materials, so it is environmentally friendly;
- The house will have a pleasant atmosphere, as foam concrete has the ability to "breathe". .
- The foundation for a two-story foam block house may not be particularly strong, since they themselves are light in weight.
How to develop a project for building a house from foam blocks?
Let's consider in more detail how to build a two-story house from foam blocks with your own hands in order to ensure minimal costs, and as a result get a spacious and warm house that meets all safety requirements.
Work begins with design. You can choose an already developed project, of which there are quite a lot on the Internet, or you can draw up your own plan that will allow you to build a unique and inimitable house.
The project of a two-story foam block house begins with planning its placement on the site. It is necessary to determine the sunny and shady sides, keeping in mind that large windows on the sunny side provide not only good illumination, but also reduce heating costs.
Consider the size of the future home in accordance with financial capabilities. The project of a 9x9 two-story house made of foam blocks is a typical convenient solution, since such dimensions make it possible to conveniently plan rooms on the first and second floors.
An individual project allows you to include an attic, an attached garage, a usable basement in which you can place anything from a workshop to a personal gym.
The attic room will allow you to equip those rooms for which there is no place in an ordinary house: a billiard room, a library, a studio for creativity. The installation of special windows in it will provide optimal natural light.
Stages of work on the project
Designing a house is best done in consultation with a professional architect. This is a rather difficult and responsible job, since the convenience, durability and practicality of the future home will ultimately depend on it. The drafting of the project takes place in several stages, in which it is necessary to comply with the main rules and building codes.
The main part of the design
When working on a project, it is important to consider several patterns. Approximate design instructions:
- When designing the foundation, the composition of the soil and the depth of groundwater must be taken into account. It will not be superfluous to consult with specialists and conduct a geological examination in advance;
Advice! It is worth thinking about the insulation of the foundation, especially if the house is planned to be built on heaving soils. When the soil freezes, it expands and will put pressure on the foundation, which can eventually cause cracks.
- The most important step is the calculation of the wall thickness. According to building codes, 10 mm masonry can withstand a weight of about 10 tons, and the weight of the floors and roofing materials must be calculated. The thermal insulation properties of foam concrete are high, and in the absence of additional insulation, 300 mm thick walls will be enough for a completely comfortable house. According to its properties, it will not yield to a brick building, it will even be warmer in it;
- Together with all family members, imagine how many rooms you plan to have in your house, and how they should be located. It is worth considering all the needs and wishes, for example, rooms for older family members are best located on the ground floor. If you are proficient with modern computer modeling programs, you can take a virtual "walk" through your future home to make sure it will really be comfortable.
- Consider the location of door and window openings and mark them on the plan. Imagine how illuminated the rooms will be, whether it will be convenient to pass from one room to another. Another important point is the location of the stairs to the second floor. It can be straight or curved, and it is important that the steps are not too steep.
Having decided on the location of the rooms, choose the appropriate one roofing material. Do not forget that most of the heat goes through the roof of the building, so you should take care of multi-layer insulation.
The floor in the building must also be insulated, for which you can use either traditional materials, or plan to create a "warm floor" using water or electricity.
Planning of finishing materials
You can start planning the finishes. There can be many options here, and the final choice will depend solely on personal preferences and financial capabilities.
You can find out how much it costs to build a two-story house from foam blocks by adding up the cost building materials necessary for the construction of the building and the cost of paying employees and equipment.
When drawing up an estimate, it is worth consulting with professional builders and be sure to include in the calculations at least a small percentage of the overrun of materials.
Two-story houses made of foam blocks, the projects of which can be found on the Internet, involve the use of facing bricks, tiles, siding or other options that have very different costs for exterior decoration.
One of the popular options is facade plaster, which further enhances the sound and heat insulation properties of the house. In interior decoration, there are even more varieties of materials, and here, when choosing, you must simultaneously focus on their operational and design properties.
Communication planning
Another important part of the design is the location. engineering communications in the house and on the site. Modern houses are supplied with plumbing and a drainage system, and the layout of the pipes should be taken into account in future construction works Oh.
It is necessary to consider how it is more profitable and economical to lay pipes on the site, from which side it is more convenient to bring electrical wires, whether gasification is planned.
Important! It is imperative to design ventilation ducts, since the atmosphere in the room and its safety will depend on them.
When the planning work is completed, it is worth double-checking all the key elements and making sure that none of them have been left unattended. After that, you can purchase materials, mark the site and begin construction.
The video in this article will talk about the features of designing a foam concrete house:
landscape design
The final design stage is thinking over the future landscape design and placement of utility structures. You can draft a two-story foam block bath, as this material will provide good thermal insulation, and its price is low.
All structures on the site must be placed in compliance with sanitary and fire safety standards. Consider the location of the tracks and the possible zoning of the territory.
Two-story houses were almost always and everywhere in vogue. In the Soviet era, it was very difficult for an ordinary citizen to build a two-story house for personal use, both materially and socially. Living space was most often very limited, not in the worst case, you had to live in a small one-room apartment. It’s scary for many to even talk about living in a communal apartment now.
One way or another, two-story houses are now being built quite often. Of course, the costs of building materials and labor are considerable, but they are worth it. Anyone who cannot afford to build a two-story building for himself and his family in one go is “built” for some line. Such construction can take up to ten years, depending on financial capabilities, the desire of the owner and other reasons. Many resort to a more cunning way - they build two-story houses together with several owners. This is usually two or four hosts. But the latter version of the building can be more likely identified with a small apartment building than an individual property. Business people prefer two-story buildings. It is also good and practical to build a two-story house from timber or aerated concrete, but this is a separate topic for conversation.
A good option is the implementation of the restructuring. At the same time, two-story houses for individual purposes are built by attaching a second floor to a one-story building. Thus, significant savings in effort and money are achieved. There are a number of advantages that attract people who do not like a quick change of scenery in the house. However, there are also some limitations. So, for example, if the building is quite old, then in some cases it is necessary to strengthen some of its details (foundation, beams, etc.). Two-story houses built in this way are often equipped with internal walls made of drywall or other lightweight material. This is necessary to limit the load on the load-bearing elements of the building. Of course, at best, its frame also has to be significantly re-equipped, but basically the roof is completely replaced. For this purpose, as a rule, it is installed with a slope, from a light material, most often it is a thin and slightly corrosive metal. Tiling or something similar is less suitable, because it makes the roof more massive.
It is also worth seriously approaching the insulation of a two-story house. This applies to both the internal heating system and the direct insulation of walls and roofs. Autonomous gas heating fits the most. Heating a two-story house in another way (for example, with firewood) is quite unprofitable economically and physically difficult. For drywall and other materials, and for external work - foam, etc. In addition, it makes it possible to design at the discretion of the owners and in almost any color scheme. Heat retention is also largely dependent on roof insulation, for which glass wool and other insulating materials are used.
Before starting the construction of an individual residential two-story house, it is necessary to evaluate all the details, primarily based on economic considerations. Although for a person who has set a goal, the latter will rarely become an obstacle in the construction of a cherished home. But it is also worth considering that sometimes it is easier to buy a house ready, without creating unnecessary problems for yourself.
A two-story house is always better than a one-story house. Especially if the family is big. A very good option is to build a two-story house from foam blocks. Good because such construction will cost less than a brick house. And such a structure looks quite attractive, it is not too difficult to build it.
Where to start building
Naturally, from the foundation.
Foam concrete is not a very heavy material, therefore, for the construction of a two-story house, you can use a strip foundation, buried to the depth of soil freezing, that is, one and a half meters.
First you need to clear the site for the future home and level it. Then, with the help of ropes with pegs, places are marked where trenches will be dug. They should be under each wall of the house.
Trenches are dug to a depth of 1.5 meters, a layer of gravel and a sand cushion are poured onto the bottom. Cellophane is laid to prevent dehydration of the concrete mixture, and formwork from boards is installed.
Inside the formwork, reinforcement is made of a metal rod, which is attached to each other in the form of a lattice. The thickness of the rod is 10-12 mm. Cell width - 300-400 mm. The rod is fastened together with a knitting wire.
Then concrete is prepared from cement, sand and gravel in proportions of 1/3/5, and poured into the formwork. Concrete gains its strength within 6 weeks.
Other types of foundations
In addition to the strip foundation, a slab or pile foundation can be built for a two-story foam concrete house.
slab foundation
The foundation is named so because it is a concrete slab on which the house stands.
In order to make such a foundation, you need to dig a pit slightly larger than the size of the house. The depth of the pit is 25-35 cm. A thin layer of rubble is poured onto the bottom and a sand cushion is compacted.
You need to tamp carefully so that you can walk on the sand without leaving marks.
A cement screed 10 mm thick is made on top of the sand. The solution for it is made from cement and sand in a ratio of 1 to 3.
After the screed is made, a roofing material is laid on it, which will serve as a waterproofing. The seams are processed with a blowtorch, and the edges extend beyond the sand cushion so that they can be folded onto the concrete foundation slab. Then a formwork is constructed from boards around the pit with a sand cushion. Inside the formwork, reinforcement is made with a metal bar. You should get two grids located one above the other.
Now you can pour concrete. But first, a heater is installed along the formwork, for example, foam. The concrete mixture should gain its strength for a month and a half, then roofing material is again laid on top. You can build walls.
pile foundation
In individual construction, most often used screw piles. Because they do not need to be hammered in, they do not require the use of special equipment to install them.
The piles are screwed into the ground and cut so that they are on the same level. They are tied with a metal channel.
When choosing a foundation, you need to take into account that if there are floors made of reinforced concrete slabs in a two-story house, then it is best to choose a strip foundation. Since the weight of the house will increase.
We build a house of foam concrete blocks on a strip foundation
As already mentioned, the foundation needs to gain its strength. After about a month and a half, you can start building walls.
If you have built a strip foundation, buried to the depth of soil freezing, then a small basement can be made under the house.
To do this, a hole is dug under one of the rooms of the house so that the concrete tape serves as the walls of the basement. This is usually done under the future kitchen or under the hallway.
The basement must be dug before the walls are erected. This makes it easier to take out the ground.
Before building walls, you need to make a plan of where the window and door openings will be located. After all, the appearance of the house largely depends on this.
Blocks are laid using the building level and plumb lines. Especially, you need to pay attention to the first rows. After all, if they are laid unevenly, the entire masonry will suffer.
Depending on the quality of foam concrete blocks, they are placed either on mortar or on glue.
When the walls of the first floor are raised to the desired height, formwork is installed along all the walls, on top, metal bars are laid and concrete is poured. A concrete belt is formed, which gives the structure additional strength. The solution for it is made the same as for pouring the foundation.
After the concrete belt has gained the necessary strength, proceed to the installation of the ceiling.
If the floors are reinforced concrete, then special lifting equipment will be needed.
If it is not possible to use the technique, then you can make wooden floors from the laid timber or round timber. Such material can be lifted up with a hand winch.
Boards are laid on the wooden floors between floors from above, and the ceiling is mounted from below. All voids are filled with mineral wool for insulation.
Ladder
Naturally, if there are two floors, then there should be a staircase.
For her, you need to determine the place in the process of drawing up a house plan. The ladder should be located so as not to block the corridor and not interfere. It should fit well with the interior of the room.
If lifting equipment is used for the installation of floors, you can install ready-made flights of stairs from reinforced concrete. Usually they make two marches connected by a platform.
If space permits, then you can make a single-flight staircase without a platform.
If, on the contrary, there is not enough space, then they make a spiral staircase.
When installing the ceiling, it is necessary to provide for the place where the staircase will exit and leave an opening there.
In addition to reinforced concrete, stairs can be made of wood or metal. Skillfully designed, it can serve as a noticeable decoration of the interior.
After the installation of the ceilings, proceed to the construction of the walls of the second floor.
If you plan to make a balcony, then this must be foreseen in advance. It is done so that the overlap extends beyond the wall to the desired distance.
The walls of the second floor are built in the same way as the walls of the first floor were built. After the walls are raised, the concrete belt is again poured from above. For the upper floor, you can not use slabs, but make it wooden.
If there is just an attic on top, then the so-called black ceiling is mounted from various wooden waste. The ceiling of the room is made from below, and from above such an overlap is smeared with clay mixed with straw. After drying, the clay serves as a good thermal insulation. Additionally, expanded clay can be poured on it.
Roof
After all these works, the rafters are mounted. They can be made either from a wooden bar, or from thick boards.
At one end, the rafters lie on the concrete belt of the second floor.
After the rafters are made, proceed to the installation of the roof.
Roofing material is selected depending on the appearance of the house. From what will be the exterior finish.
Warming
The house of foam concrete needs insulation.
You can insulate it both from the outside and from the inside. And it is possible only from the inside.
Any suitable material is chosen as a heater. Usually, foam is chosen for external insulation, as a cheaper material. For the inside - penoflex, or another similar to it.
Many heaters have a special connection to facilitate installation.
If the floors of the second floor are made of reinforced concrete, it is necessary to insulate them as well. This is done during the installation of the floor of the second floor.
If you can’t afford to build a two-story house from foam blocks, and you need additional space, then you can solve the problem with the help of an extension. You can see how to implement it.
Video about building a house from foam concrete
Building your own house, especially if it is being built with your own hands and strength, without hiring contractors, is a difficult and risky business. A person who undertakes this “adventure” will certainly have many doubts:
- Are the calculations correct?
- Do I have enough funds?
- Are the deadlines accurately calculated?
- Will I succeed.
Detailed project of a two-story house with drawings of all floors
Even experienced builders know that one small mistake at the design stage can ruin the whole process. The house will never be built, money and time will be wasted forever. To prevent this from happening, it is necessary to carry out thorough preparatory work before the start of construction and investment. It is at this stage that you need to make a detailed drawing of the house.
This document will be the starting point for further work, including the basis for the development of an official project documentation and budgeting of the facility.
Layouts of the first and second floors of a two-story cottage
In order to create your dream home, you need to get acquainted with the abundance of existing and free layout options. If earlier all the houses were similar to each other, and even appearance it was possible to say what and how is located inside, today all stereotypes are crumbling.
A classic square box house can be fraught with a wide variety of architectural solutions and design delights. It is in order to choose the best offer for yourself on today's market that it is worth looking through dozens of free projects, detailed drawings and layouts of private houses.
Projects of one-story private houses
Presented as country houses, and capital large buildings.
Project one-story house with attic
They are built on fairly spacious plots, as they have a large building spot. For a comfortable stay of a family of four - two children and two adults - a house with an area of 120-160 square meters. And if you add to and outbuildings, then the area increases significantly. And in a small area, there may simply not be enough space for all this.
The advantage of such projects is the absence, possibility, convenience of moving around a single-level space. The downside is the wide building footprint, the need for careful planning to reduce unused dead space.
The layout of the house with an attic 9 × 9
If set, then some rooms will have to be abandoned, and the rest made a little more compact. There are many on the web finished projects and layouts for houses with such dimensions. Scrolling through them, you can choose a suitable ready-made option or peep an interesting idea, and bring it to life in your future home with your own hands.
The floor breakdown can be done as follows. To the second floor, raise all the bedrooms and a guest room, a dressing room, one bathroom and. All remaining rooms should find their place on the ground floor.
When the area of the premises is ready, you can start looking for a good location on the floor. To do this, it is worth considering that the length of all building materials is a multiple of six. Therefore, in order to avoid overspending or unnecessary trimming, it is better to choose a house with dimensions of 9 x 9; 6 x 9; 9 x 12.
Cottage layout 9×12
Houses with sizes that are not multiples of three and six are also built, for example, 6 x 8; 8 x 8; 7 x 9, but you need to prepare for the fact that after construction there will be a lot of waste, and in the process of building a house there will be a lot of work on fitting materials.
Modern developers are more likely to turn to projects of two-story houses. This type of building is considered the best option according to the ratio of the size and functionality of the rooms. In construction, the technique is called classical. The buildings are characterized by the distribution of space in this way: on the first floor they create rooms for general use, and on the second - bedrooms and bathrooms. In our article, we will consider the features of buildings with two floors, and what projects of cottages are.
Features of the layout of a two-story house
For such buildings, the traditional way of distributing the internal space is mainly used. Of course, this has its advantages and disadvantages. Designing a house can be done independently, or purchased ready-made, which can be adjusted to your taste:
- You can choose any material for construction work;
- You can change the dimensions and dimensions of all rooms of the building;
- It is allowed to add additional details to house projects, for example, an attic, a terrace, a bay window, etc.
Attention! For suburban area, where you will live only in the summer season, it is optimal to choose brick as a material. It is not only durable, but also has a good level of thermal insulation.
Advantages of two-story buildings
A cottage with a garage is built very often. Such a project with 2 floors has a long list of advantages:
- With this technology, it is possible to minimize consumption land plot. The issue is especially acute in the case of a small property area.
- A two-story cottage opens up new possibilities for designers. Thus you will be able to do beautiful house any style. It will be enough to show the specialist a photo or try to do everything on your own.
- You can build a two-story house with various decorative elements, for example, a balcony or a terrace.
- The possibilities inside the building are also expanding, so the interior of a two-story house can be decorated as you like.
Disadvantages of the cottage
A building with two floors requires more financial investments than one-story buildings. But, it is worth noting that the price will pay off if in the future you want to redevelop. There are still disadvantages of multi-level buildings, for example, for a building project with two floors, a staircase is required. This structural element not only increases the cost, but also complicates the construction of the facility.
Reasons for complicating planning
Projects of two-story houses can have different costs. So, some points can affect the overall budget:
- The design has a large mass, so you need to spend money on additional reinforcement of the floors between floors. If this point is ignored, then in the future there may be a risk of a dangerous situation.
- The communication system has many more branches, since the connection is also made to the second floor.
- When building houses with two floors, it is necessary to use a special lifting machine to lift the material.
- If you have a large family with elderly people and children, then the project should be drawn up individually. Since for these categories of people it is better to place bedrooms on the first floor.
- With an increase in the wind load on the walls, it is necessary to invest in thermal insulation.
Attention! The cost of your dream home project may vary depending on the individual design elements.
Project of a country house 6 by 8
The dimensions of a two-story house 6 by 8 meters are quite normal conditions for a family to live. Now we will consider in detail the standard scheme for such dimensions. The entrance to the room is usually located on the side of the porch. To increase the level of convenience, a dressing room is created in the building.
The guest room is connected to the kitchen. Moreover, the first time is three times more than the second. Then the road goes to the bathroom. Usually the entrance to the stairs is in the living room. On the second floor, it is rational to make a sleeping compartment for residents. There you can make, for example, a lounge for guests, children or couples.
Attention! In such a layout, an increase in space is obtained due to the presence of a terrace, which can be used for places of general recreation.
House project 7 by 7
Do-it-yourself houses can be created in any size. However, you need to focus on your needs and know the main types of projects. In this section, we will consider the layout of a two-story building measuring 7 by 7 meters. It is worth noting that it is optimal to build such dimensions if there are 4 people in the family, of which 2 adults and 2 children. In this construction technology, the first floor is intended for joint recreation or the arrival of guests. In practice, in such projects there is a kitchen, dining room, living room, hallway, wardrobe and bathroom.
This cottage has two porches, one of which is the main entrance to the building, the second is located in the living room. This layout has several advantages:
- You can create in the yard a place closed from prying eyes for the whole family to relax.
- You will have an additional exit, for example, it will help you out if the door lock breaks.
- You can also create a mini garden, a children's complex, a tennis court.
So we got acquainted with the features of a house with two floors. Also, there were two small projects cottage. But, it is worth noting that there are actually a lot of them. So, choose the right plan for your site and according to your capabilities.
More and more often people are thinking about moving from high-rise buildings to their personal, cozy house, remote from all the bustle of the city, with a large courtyard area, a veranda, located in a quiet, peaceful place.
Living closer to nature, not hearing neighbors behind the wall, not depending on utilities, breathing clean air is a dream of many. Therefore, individual housing construction is now so popular.
When the land has already been acquired, questions arise: “How many floors to build? How to properly plan the space? etc.
The best option offered by many developers is a two-story house project that combines the optimal usable area, which allows you to significantly save space on the site without sacrificing square meters of the building under construction.
Main advantages
First you need to figure out what advantages a two-story house has in comparison with a one-story house.
First, saving the land area. Land intended for individual housing construction is quite expensive, but you want to place a lot on it, and a playground, and a bathhouse, and a gazebo, and, finally, a small garden or vegetable garden.
Therefore, for example, the construction of a two-story house 10 by 10 meters on a plot of 6 acres will take only about 17 percent of the area, while comparable in square meters to it, it will already capture 34 percent.
Secondly, heating a two-story house is easier if, of course, the heating system is well thought out. It is easier to heat a room 10 by 10 than, for example, 20 by 20, and the heat always rises, so you don’t have to worry about heating the floors of the second floor, they will always be warm.
Thirdly, you can make the perfect zoning of all rooms, the first floor is ideal for the kitchen area, dining room and large living room, where guests and the whole family will often gather. The second floor is usually the more intimate part of the house, it will perfectly accommodate the bedrooms for all family members.
Fourthly, it opens up the possibility of installing a balcony, a terrace at a height, thereby achieving a variety of facades and equipping a wonderful place for relaxation and recreation.
And, finally, a house with two floors, in comparison with a one-story one, will look expensive, beautiful, spectacular. This can be seen by examining the photo of two-story houses. And, of course, we must not forget that from the windows of the second floor there is a beautiful view of the local surroundings.
Possible difficulties
The main difficulty in the construction of a two-story cottage can be considered a significant increase in the funds invested in the construction, in comparison with one-story houses.
This is primarily due to the rise in the cost of the foundation. In order for the base to withstand the weight of several levels, it is necessary that it be as strong and reliable as possible.
This task is perfectly handled by tape concrete foundations, their characteristics allow you to hold the weight of the house, along with all the filling. However, the cost of their construction is quite high.
The next difficulty that future owners will face is the mandatory installation of stairs. This design will not only increase the expense item in the budget, but also complicate the very technology of building a cottage.
Also, a stairway can cause accidents, according to statistics, falling from stairs in private homes is a phenomenon that occurs quite often.
Therefore, carefully weigh all the pros and cons, make this design as safe as possible by contacting specialists, they will help you draw up the correct drawing of the flight of stairs, and make a high-quality and reliable installation.
The layout of a two-story house will also be complicated:
- the need to install additional reinforcement of the floors;
- complex scheme of the heating system;
- an extensive and complicated communication system (water supply, sewerage);
- mandatory strengthening of the insulation of the walls of the house due to the increasing wind load on them, etc.
Construction materials
For the erection of a two-story house, the use of many building materials is permissible, most often used for these purposes:
- beam;
- brick;
- foam block;
- gas block;
- log.
The choice of raw materials used depends only on the taste preferences of the owner and on the possibilities of the planned budget.
The use of all these materials guarantees you a house that will be durable, reliable and durable, of course, if the design and construction is carried out by competent professionals.
However, on a note, wooden cottages are distinguished by warmth and environmental friendliness, such buildings retain heat well and heat up quickly, which cannot be said about brick buildings.
We allocate space wisely
The most pleasant and interesting thing to do when planning the creation of a two-story house: drawing up its scheme, determining in which direction the kitchen will be located, where the bedroom windows will go, where the nursery will be, etc.
To begin with, zoning of the first floor is carried out. Basically, his plan is the same in most projects, there is always an entrance hall, a kitchen area, a boiler room, a living room and a bathroom, which both home and guests can use.
After the mandatory premises are indicated in the plan, if there are free square meters, additional rooms are organized here. These can be pantries, laundry, dining room, playroom, guest room, etc.
If your ideas are to build a two-story house with a garage, then this room is usually also included in the ground floor scheme, brought under a common roof and provided with a separate entrance to the house.
The second floor is usually occupied by personal premises, it is necessary to provide bathrooms for all family members, bedrooms, children's rooms, dressing rooms, if necessary - an office, a library, etc.
If there are free square meters, it is possible to equip a room for a quiet, family vacation, it is an analogue of the hall, but is used only by family members.
If the house still has a garage, then placing bedrooms and children's rooms above it is not recommended. It is better to occupy this area with a storage room, a landing, a dressing room, etc.
It is not difficult to make a successful and competent arrangement of rooms, the main recommendation would be to exclude narrow, too large, long, unnecessary corridors, in order to avoid reducing the usable, functional area.
The construction of a two-story house is a responsible process that requires a lot of costs, both physical and material. However, when asking for help from professionals who will competently design a building, calculate the necessary loads on structural elements, start and complete construction, you will spend much less time and effort.
If you want to found the house of your dreams on your own, stock up on strength, patience, time, and you will definitely succeed.
Photo of two-story houses
