Ordinary ceramic brick GOST 530. Regulatory references in the guest for brick

BRICK AND STONE CERAMIC

GOST 530– 2007

INTERSTATE STANDARD

GOST 530–2007

BRICK AND STONE CERAMIC

Are common specifications

Ceramic bricks and stones. General specifications

Date of introduction: 01.03.2008

1 AREA OF USE

This standard applies to brick and ceramic stone (hereinafter referred to as products) used for laying and cladding load-bearing and self-supporting walls and other elements of buildings and structures, and establishes technical requirements, acceptance rules, product test methods. Solid brick is also used for laying foundations, the outer part of chimneys, industrial and domestic furnaces. Products may be used in other building structures taking into account the technical characteristics specified in this standard.

This standard uses normative references to the following interstate standards:
GOST 162-90 Depth gauges. Specifications
GOST 427-75 Measuring metal rulers. Specifications
GOST 3749-77 Calibration squares 90°. Specifications
GOST 7025-91 Ceramic and silicate bricks and stones. Methods for determining water absorption, density and control of frost resistance
GOST 8462-85 Wall materials. Methods for determining the ultimate strength in compression and bending

GOST 14192-96 Marking of goods
GOST 18343-80 Pallets for bricks and ceramic stones. Specifications GOST 25706-83 Loupes. Types, basic parameters. General technical requirements GOST 26254-84 Buildings and structures. Methods for determining the resistance to heat transfer of enclosing structures
GOST 30108-94 Construction materials and products. Determination of specific effective activity of natural radionuclides
GOST 30244-94 Construction materials. Flammability test methods

Note - When using this standard, it is advisable to check the validity of reference standards and classifiers on the territory of the state according to the corresponding index of standards and classifiers compiled as of January 1 of the current year, and according to the corresponding information signs published in the current year. If the reference standard is replaced (modified), then when using this standard, you should be guided by the replacing (modified) standard. If the referenced standard is canceled without replacement, the provision in which the reference to it is given applies to the extent that this reference is not affected.

3. TERMS AND DEFINITIONS

In this standard, the following terms are used with their respective definitions:
3.1 brick: Ceramic piece product intended for masonry.
3.2 normal format brick (single): Product with nominal dimensions 250x120x65 mm.
3.3 stone: Large-sized hollow ceramic product intended for masonry.
3.4 solid brick: A brick that has no voids.
3.5 hollow brick: A brick having through voids of various shapes and sizes.
3.6 front brick: A product that provides performance characteristics masonry and acting as a decorative material.
3.7 ordinary brick: A product that provides the performance of masonry.
3.8 bed: The working face of the product, located parallel to the base of the masonry
(see figure 1).
3.9 spoons: The largest face of the product, located perpendicular to the bed (see figure 1).
3.10 poke: The smallest face of the product, located perpendicular to the bed (see figure 1).

1 - width; 2 - length; 3 - thickness; 4 - spoons; 5 - bed; 6 - poke

Figure 1 - Fragment of masonry

3.11 crack: Breaking the product without breaking it apart.
3.12 through crack: A crack that passes through the entire thickness of the product and extends up to
half or more of the width of the product.
3.13 landing: Crack opening width not more than 0.5 mm (see Appendix B).
3.14 broken: Mechanical damage to the face, edge, corner of the product.
3.15 breakaway: Product defect caused by the presence of carbonate or other inclusions (see appendix B).
3.16 peeling: Destruction of the product in the form of delamination of thin plates from its surface (see Appendix B).
3.17 chipping: Shedding of fragments of the surface of the product (see Appendix B).
3.18 cracking: The appearance or increase in the size of a crack after exposure to alternating temperatures (see Appendix B).
3.19 ladle: The two parts of a product formed when it is split. Products with through cracks are referred to as a slab.
3.20 contact patch: An area of the surface of a product that is different in color, which occurs during the drying or firing process and does not affect the characteristics of the product.
3.21 efflorescence: Water-soluble salts that come out on the surface of the fired product in contact with moisture.
3.22 black core: The area within an item caused by the formation of ferrous oxide during the firing process.

4. CLASSIFICATION, DIMENSIONS AND SYMBOLS

4.1 Classification
4.1.1 Products are divided into ordinary and facial.
Face brick and stone according to the type of front surface are made:
- with a smooth and relief surface;
- with a surface textured by gunning, engobing, glazing, two-layer molding, polymer coating or otherwise.
Facial products can be natural color or volumetrically colored.
4.1.2 Brick is made solid and hollow, stone - only hollow.
The voids in the products can be located perpendicular (vertical) or parallel to the bed (horizontal).
4.1.3 According to the strength of the product (except for large-format stone and brick and stone with horizontal voids) they are divided into grades M100, M125, M150, M175, M200, M250, M300; large-format stones - M35, M50, M75, M100, M125, M150, M175, M200, M250, M300; brick and stone with horizontal voids - M 25, M35, M50, M75, M100.
4.1.4 According to frost resistance, products are divided into grades F25, F35, F50, F75, F100.
4.1.5 In terms of average density, products are divided into classes: 0.8; 1.0; 1.2; 1.4; 2.0.
4.1.6 According to the thermal characteristics of the product, depending on the class of average density, they are divided into groups in accordance with table 1.

Table 1 - Product groups according to thermal characteristics

Medium weight class
	high efficiency
	Enhanced Efficiency
	Effective
	Conditionally effective

4.2 Main dimensions
4.2.1 Products are manufactured in nominal sizes given in table 2.
Recommended shapes and sizes of products, as well as the location of voids in products, are given in
appendix A.
4.2.2 The thickness of the outer walls of hollow brick and stone should be at least 12 mm, large-format stone - at least 10 mm.
4.2.3 The diameter of vertical cylindrical voids and the size of the side of square voids should be no more than 20 mm, and the width of slot-like voids should not exceed 16 mm.
The dimensions of horizontal voids are not regulated.
For stone, voids are allowed (for capture during laying) with a cross-sectional area not exceeding 13% of the area of the stone bed.

Table 2 - Nominal product dimensions

In millimeters

Product type	View designation	Nominal dimensions			size designation
Product type	View designation	Length	Width	Thickness	size designation
Normal format brick (single)	KO	250	120	65	1 NF
Brick "Euro"	KE	250	85	65	0.7 NF
Thickened brick	KU	250	120	65	1.4 N
Brick modular single
Thickened brick with horizontal voids	KUG	250	120	88	1.4 NF
		250 288 288 288 250 250	120 288 138 138 250 180	140 88 140 88 140 140	2.1 NF 3.7 NF 2.9 NF 1.8 nf 4.5 NF 3.2 NF
Large format stone		510 398 380 380 380 380 250	250 250 250 255 250 180 250	219 219 219 188 140 140 188	14.3 NF 11.2 NF 10.7 NF 9.3 NF 6.8 NF 4.9 NF 6.0 NF
Stone with horizontal holes
Note - It is allowed, by agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer, to manufacture products of other nominal sizes, while the maximum deviations of dimensions should not exceed the values \u200b\u200bgiven in 4.2.4.

4.2.4 Limit deviations nominal dimensions should not exceed on one product, mm:
- by lenght:

brick and stone (except large-format stone)
large-format stone

Width:

Thickness:

4.2.5 Deviation from perpendicularity of adjacent faces is not allowed more than:
3 mm - for brick and stone;
1.4% of the length of any face - for a large-format stone.
4.2.6 Deviation from the flatness of the edges of products more than 3 mm is not allowed.
4.2.7 Symbolic designation of ceramic products should consist of: the name of the type of product, the designation of the type of product in accordance with Table 2; letters P - for privates, L - for facial; size designations in accordance with table 2; designations: By - for solid brick,Pu - for hollow bricks; grades for strength and frost resistance; medium density class and the designation of this standard.
Examples of symbols:
Brick ordinary (front), solid, single, size 1NF, strength grade M100, average density class 2.0, frost resistance grade F50:

Brick KORPO (KOLPO) 1 NF / 100 / 2.0 / 50 / GOST 530-2007

Brick ordinary (front), hollow, single, size 1NF, strength grade M100, average density class 1.4, frost resistance grade F50:

Brick KORP (KOLPu) 1NF / 100 / 1.4 / 50 / GOST 530-2007

Brick ordinary (front), hollow, thickened, size 1.4NF, strength grade M150, medium density class 1.4, frost resistance grade F50:

Brick KURPu (KULPu) 1.4NF/150/1.4/50/GOST 530-2007

Brick of modular dimensions 1.3NF, strength grade M150, medium density class 1.2, frost resistance grade F50:

Brick KM 1.3NF/150/1.2/50/GOST 530-2007

Ordinary (facial) stone, size 2.1NF, strength grade M150, medium density class 1.2, frost resistance grade F50:

Stone KR (KL) 2.1NF/150/1.2/50/GOST 530-2007

Stone of large-format ordinary (front), size 9.3NF, strength grade M150, medium density class 1.0, frost resistance grade F50:

Stone KKR (KKL) 9.3NF/150/1.0/50/GOST 530-2007

Ordinary (front) brick, thickened with a horizontal arrangement of voids, size 1.4NF, strength grade M100, average density class 1.4, frost resistance grade F50:

Brick KGUR (KGUL) 1.4NF/100/1.4/50/GOST 530-2007

Ordinary (facial) stone with a horizontal arrangement of voids, size 1.8NF, strength grade M100, medium density class 1.2, frost resistance grade F50:

Stone KGR (KGL) 1.8 NF/100/1.2/50/GOST 530-2007

4.2.8 It is allowed to enter additional information into the symbol for the complete identification of products.
When carrying out export-import operations, the symbol of the product may be specified in the contract for the supply of products (including entering additional alphanumeric or other information).

5. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS

5.1 Products must be manufactured in accordance with the requirements of this standard according to the technological regulations approved by the manufacturer.

5.2 Appearance

5.2.1 Front products must have at least two front faces - spoon and bond. The color and type of the front face are set by agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer and are specified in the supply contract.
5.2.2 On the front products, spalls caused by inclusions, such as limestone, are not allowed. Spalls with a total area of not more than 1.0 cm2 are allowed on ordinary products.
5.2.3 Efflorescence is not allowed on facial products.

5.2.4 Defects in the appearance of products, the size and number of which exceed the values \u200b\u200bspecified in Table 3, are not allowed.

Table 3 - Defects in the appearance of products

Type of defect	Meaning
Type of defect	Facial products	Ordinary products
Corner breaks with a depth of more than 15 mm, pcs.	Not allowed
Corner breaks from 3 to 15 mm deep, pcs.
Rib breaks with a depth of more than 3 mm and a length of more than 15 mm, pcs.	Not allowed
Rib breaks with a depth of not more than 3 mm and a length of 3 to 15 mm, pcs.
Separate sections with a total length, mm: - for brick For stone		Not regulated
Cracks, pcs.	Not allowed
N o t e 1. Cracks in inter-hollow partitions are not a defect. 2. Broken corners with a depth of less than 3 mm and broken ribs with a length and depth of less than 3 mm are not rejection signs. 3. For front products, defects of the front faces are indicated.

5.2.5 For ordinary and front products, a black core and contact spots on the surface are allowed.
5.2.6 In the batch, a ladling of more than 5% of the batch volume is not allowed.

5.3 Characteristics
5.3.1 The average density of brick and stone, depending on the class of average density, must correspond to the values \u200b\u200bgiven in table 4.

Table 4 - Medium density classes

Medium weight classes	Average density, kg/m3

5.3.2 The thermal performance of products is evaluated by the coefficient of thermal conductivity of the masonry in a dry state. The coefficient of thermal conductivity of masonry in a dry state, depending on the group of products according to thermal characteristics, is given in table 5.

Table 5 - Product groups according to thermal characteristics

Product groups according to thermal characteristics	Thermal conductivity coefficient of masonry in dry state X, W/(m°C)
high efficiency
Enhanced Efficiency	St. 0.20 to 0.24
Effective	St. 0.24 to 0.36
Conditionally effective	St. 0.36 to 0.46
Ineffective (ordinary)
N o t e 1. The values of the coefficient of thermal conductivity are given for masonry with a minimum sufficient amount of masonry mortar. The value of the thermal conductivity coefficient, taking into account the actual consumption of the solution, is established in the design or departmental technical documentation (building codes and regulations, territorial building codes, etc.) based on tests or calculations. 2. Thermal characteristics of conditional solid masonry are given in Appendix D.

5.3.3 The tensile strength of products in compression and bending must be at least the values \u200b\u200bspecified in table 6. The strength grade of brick is set according to the values \u200b\u200bof the compressive and bending strengths, stone - according to the value of the compressive strength.

Table 6 - Compressive and bending strengths of products

Product brand	Tensile strength, MPa
	under compression			when bending
	single, "euro" and thickened bricks; stones	Large format stones		Single and "euro" solid bricks		Single and "euro" hollow bricks		Thickened hollow bricks
	Average for five samples	Average for five samples	Smallest for a single sample	Average for five samples	Smallest for a single sample	Average for five samples	Smallest for a single sample	Average for five samples	Smallest for a single sample










For bricks and stones with horizontal voids





Note - When determining the compressive and flexural strength of brick and the compressive strength of stone, the area of the loaded face of the product is calculated without deducting the area of voids.

The strength grade of products should not be lower than: hollow brick and stone (except for large-format stone) - M100, large-format stone - M35, solid brick for load-bearing walls - M125, for self-supporting walls - M100.
The strength grade of bricks intended for the construction of chimneys must be at least M200.

5.3.4 Water absorption of ordinary products should be at least 6.0%, front products - not less than 6.0% and not more than 14.0%.
For products made from tripoli and diatomites, water absorption of not more than 28% is allowed.
5.3.5 Brick and stone must be frost-resistant and, depending on the brand of frost resistance in a state saturated with water, must withstand without any visible signs of damage or destruction (cracking, peeling, chipping, spalling) at least 25; 35; 50; 75 and 100 alternating freeze and thaw cycles.
Types of damage to products after the frost resistance test are given in Appendix B.
The frost resistance grade of the front products must be at least F50. It is allowed, in agreement with the consumer, to supply face products of the F35 frost resistance brand.
The frost resistance grade of products used for the construction of chimneys, plinths and basement walls must be at least F50.
5.3.6 Ceramic brick and stone are non-combustible building materials in accordance with GOST 30244.
5.3.7 The specific effective activity of natural radionuclides Leff in products should not exceed 370 Bq/kg.

5.4 Requirements for raw materials and materials
5.4.1 Clay raw materials, siliceous rocks (tripoli, diatomite), loess, industrial waste (coal waste, ash, etc.), mineral and organic additives, as well as packaging materials and means of transporting products (pallets) must comply with the requirements of the current regulatory and technical documents for them .

5.5 Marking
5.5.1 On the non-front surface of the product in the process of their manufacture, the trademark of the manufacturer is applied with indelible paint using a stencil (stamp) or stamp.
5.5.2 The marking is applied to each packaging unit. One packaging unit must contain at least 5% of products marked according to 5.5.1. The marking may be applied directly to the package or on a label that is stuck on the package, or on a label attached to the package in a way that ensures its safety during transportation.
The label must contain:

Name of the manufacturer (and/or its trademark) and address;
- reference designation of the product;
- batch number and date of manufacture;
- number (mass) of products in a packing unit, pcs. (kg);
- group on thermal efficiency;
- sign of conformity when supplying certified products (if provided by the certification system).

The marking may include information about the method of manufacture of products.
5.5.3 The manufacturer has the right to put additional information on the packaging that does not contradict the requirements of this standard and allows identifying the product and its manufacturer.
5.5.4 Each package (transport package) must have a transport marking in accordance with GOST 14192.

5.6 Packaging
5.6.1 Brick or stone should be placed on a pallet in a herringbone pattern or on a bed or spoon with a cross bandage. It is allowed to stack products without dressing, provided that they are automatically packed, ensuring the safety of the packaging unit during storage and transportation.
5.6.2 Cross-linked products should be wrapped in shrink or stretch film or other materials to protect the product.
5.6.3 In one packing unit there must be products of the same symbol.
5.6.4 By agreement with the consumer, other types of packaging are allowed to ensure the safety of products during transportation.

6. ACCEPTANCE RULES

6.1 Products must be accepted by the technical control of the manufacturer.
6.2 Products are accepted in batches. The volume of the batch is set in the amount of not more than a daily
production of one furnace.
When accepting products by the consumer, a batch is considered to be products shipped under a specific contract (order) or products in the volume of one vehicle, issued with one quality document.
6.3 The party must consist of products of the same symbol.
6.4 The quality of products is ensured by:

Input control of raw materials and materials;
- operational production (technological) control.

The quality of products is confirmed by acceptance control of finished products. Acceptance control includes acceptance and periodic tests.
6.5 For testing by random selection, a number of
products (samples) in accordance with table 7.

Table 7 - Number of selected products (samples) for testing

Name indicator	selected (samples), pcs	Type of tests		wildness control	tests
Name indicator	selected (samples), pcs	delivery		wildness control	tests
Appearance,	Stone - 25, brick - 35	+	-		According to 7.3
Deviations from the nominal dimensions and shape	Stone - 25, brick - 35	+	-		According to 7.3 - 7.5
The presence of lime inclusions	5	-	+	in two weeks	According to 7.6
The presence of efflorescence	5	-	+		According to 7.7
Average density	5	+	-
Water absorption	5	-	+
Tensile strength when compressing a brick	halves)	+	-
Tensile strength when compressing a stone	5	+	-
Tensile strength When compressing a large-format stone	5	+	-		According to 7.8
Tensile strength when bending a brick	5	+	-
Frost resistance	5	-	+	per quarter

The selected products are checked for compliance with the requirements of this standard in terms of dimensions, appearance and the correctness of the form, and then tested.
Periodic tests in terms of water absorption, the presence of efflorescence and frost resistance of products are also carried out when changing raw materials and technology; by the presence of lime inclusions - when the content of inclusions in clay raw materials changes. The results of periodic tests are extended to all supplied batches of products until the next periodic tests are carried out.
6.6 The specific effective activity of natural radionuclides Leff is controlled during incoming inspection according to the data of documents on the quality of the enterprise - the supplier of raw materials. In the absence of data from the supplier enterprise on the specific effective activity of natural radionuclides, testing of products for this indicator should be carried out at least once a year in accredited testing laboratories, as well as when changing the supplier of raw materials.
6.7 The thermal characteristics of solid masonry are determined when products are put into production, when technology, raw materials, materials are changed and are provided at the request of the consumer.
6.8 The batch is accepted if, when checking the dimensions and correctness of the shape of the products selected from the batch, only one product does not meet the requirements of this standard. The lot is not subject to acceptance if two of the products selected from the lot do not meet the requirements of this standard.
6.9 If unsatisfactory results are obtained when testing products according to the indicators given in table 7 (except for the indicators of appearance, size, correctness of shape and frost resistance), the products are retested according to this indicator on twice the number of samples taken from this batch.
The lot is accepted if the retest results meet all the requirements of this standard; if they do not match, the party is not accepted.
6.10 When testing products by the consumer, inspection control and certification tests, sampling and evaluation of control results are carried out in accordance with the requirements of this section, using control methods.
In disputable cases, the control check is carried out in the presence of a representative of the manufacturer. The list of controlled parameters is established by agreement between the test participants.
6.11 Each batch of supplied products must be accompanied by a quality document, which indicates:

Name of the manufacturer and (or) its trademark;
- name and reference designation of the product;
- number and date of issue of the document;
- batch number;
- number (mass) of products in a batch, pcs. (kg) ;
- strength grade, medium density class, frost resistance grade;
- water absorption;
- group on thermal efficiency;
- specific effective activity of natural radionuclides Leff;
- a way of manufacturing products.

In export-import operations, the content of the accompanying quality document is specified in a specific contract for the supply of products.

8. TRANSPORT AND STORAGE

8.1. Products are transported by all means of transport in accordance with the rules for the carriage of goods in force for a particular type of transport.

8.2. Transportation of bricks and stone is carried out in packaged form.

Transport packages are formed at the storage site or directly on the production line on pallets according to GOST 18343 or pallets sized 1 x 1 m (980 x 980 mm) or other sizes according to technical documentation.

8.3. The weight of one package must not exceed the rated load capacity of the pallet.

8.4. In the technological documentation for the manufacture of products, a scheme for fastening products in a transport package is given, depending on the distance of transportation and the type of vehicle.

8.5. Formed overpacks should be stored in one tier in continuous stacks. It is allowed to install the package on top of each other no more than four tiers, subject to compliance with safety requirements.

8.6. It is allowed to store products on flat areas with a hard surface in single-tier stacks in packages without pallets.

8.7. Storage of products at the consumer must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of 8.5 and 8.6 and safety regulations.

8.8. Loading and unloading of packages of products must be carried out mechanized using special load gripping devices.

Loading products in bulk (throw) and unloading them by dropping are not allowed.

9. INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE

9.1. Brick and stone are used in accordance with the recommendations of the current building codes and rules, sets of rules, territorial building codes, taking into account the requirements set forth in project documentation for the construction of buildings and structures.

9.2. In the foundations and basement of the walls of buildings, chimneys, ventilation ducts, only solid bricks should be used.

It is not allowed to use hollow products, as well as semi-dry pressed bricks for the outer walls of rooms with a wet regime without applying a vapor barrier coating to the inner surfaces.

It is not allowed to use hollow products and semi-dry pressed bricks for laying the walls of rooms with a wet regime, the outer walls of basements, plinths and foundations.

9.3. Type of products (brick, stone) for laying load-bearing, self-supporting and non-bearing structures, incl. for facing the facades of buildings, density, strength grade and frost resistance are indicated in the working drawings.

9.4. Reference values for the compressive strength of masonry made of brick and stone, manufactured in accordance with the requirements of this standard, are given in Appendix B, tables B.1, B.2.

9.5. The manufacturer, at the request of the consumer, must provide data on the thermal and strength characteristics of products in the masonry.

It is not difficult to buy a brick, but to determine its quality Without special knowledge, not everyone can.

So that the buyer can be sure that he is buying quality products: safe, durable and suitable for construction,

many manufacturers certify it, although this is a completely optional procedure.

GOST or TU?

Specification certificate, confirming that no materials containing radioactive elements were used in the manufacture of bricks, and that all material complies with sanitary and hygienic standards, can be obtained from Rospotrebnadzor.
But the presence of this document will not guarantee that the bricks will comply generally accepted standards, they may differ in size, percentage of materials in their composition, and this may affect on suitability for construction.

Each manufacturer has the right to issue their specifications, they are built according to a certain scheme:

These specifications may be completely different from each manufacturer, and in order to be sure that the purchased brick complies with generally accepted standards, you need to make sure that certificate according to GOST. GOST is the State Industry Standard, all requirements for the material are the same. In order to make sure that all bricks comply with them, special laboratories carry out research, the results are recorded in the protocol. Based on their results, a certificate is issued, the validity of which is limited. up to 3 years.

note to the fact that the quality certificate should indicate which GOST the brick corresponds to: the first digits show which products are being certified. The following shows in which year the standards were adopted.

So, a building material with a certificate for GOST 530-2012 belongs to ceramic bricks meeting the requirements adopted in 2012.

Ceramic brick: technical specifications

The new GOST began its operation in 2013, it applies to such building materials:

ceramic bricks and stones used for the construction and cladding of any walls;
clinker brick for the construction of foundations and walls subjected to significant loads;
brick for laying stoves and chimneys.

In addition, the current standards classify bricks according to different technical characteristics.

By appointment: ordinary, used for rough construction of walls or facing. There are no restrictions on the color and texture of stones in this document.
In the new GOST defined solid, hollow bricks and additional elements.
Ceramic brick GOST 530-2012 differs by compressive strength from M100 to M300, this is the ability to resist any load without destruction.
Frost resistance it is denoted by F with a number indicating the number of cycles to be maintained from 25 to 300. But these indicators are not the limit, some manufacturers achieve values \u200b\u200bup to 1000.
GOST defines density of each product. All bricks are divided into groups according to thermal characteristics: from high efficiency with a density of 0.7-0.8 to low-efficiency bricks with an index of 2.0-2.4.
Dimensions strictly defined, deviation from them is allowed only at a minimum, so the brick is single with dimensions of 250x120x65 mm; "Euro" -250x85x65mm; thickened - 250x120x88; modular single - 250x138x65.
Also given determining the sides of a brick: what is a poke, spoon and pastel.

Interestingly, there are no distinctions by weight bricks according to GOST not provided, the mass of bricks can be absolutely any.
Appearance requirements include: the color and type of the front face can be any, the presence of defects should not exceed the indicated values, so there should be no cracks on the front bricks at all, and two slots are allowed on ordinary bricks.
Only an organization can issue a quality certificate in accordance with GOST, accredited by the State Standard.

Price

Buying a brick will not amount to no labor, almost every region has brickworks. This building material can be bought both in large quantities and individually, with bulk purchases. shipping may be free.

The cost will vary greatly on different types brick, the front one will be more expensive than the ordinary one, the hollow one is cheaper than the full-bodied one. And the price of a brick with a high brand is 20 - 30% more expensive than with a low one.

Profitable to acquire a double brick for construction, since its consumption per 1 cubic meter. twice less, and the price is only 20% higher.

For the most common full-bodied ceramic brick price per piece will be about 6 - 12 rubles, facing is more expensive - the average cost is 15 rubles, the most expensive is imported, the price is within 35 - 45 rubles apiece.
Consider prices by region.
Moscow and Moscow region:

a full-bodied, single M200 costs about 15.5 rubles;
the same with the M100 brand - 11 rubles;
hollow, M125 - 7.30 rubles.

Voronezh:

the price of facing bricks starts from 12.5 to 30 rubles;
single corpulent M125 - from 11.50 rubles;
one and a half of the same brand - from 13 rubles.

Krasnoyarsk:

a single solid M125 brick costs 7.70 rubles;
one and a half M125 - 13 rubles;
hollow - 11.50 rubles.

Saint Petersburg:

hollow brick M150 front - 11.70 rubles, the price rises depending on the color;
private M150 - 9.50 rubles;
one and a half - 12.30 rubles.

Vladivostok:

ordinary corpulent M125 - from 8 rubles;
facial hollow - 12 rubles;
brick brand M200 - from 13 rubles.

Ekaterinburg:

an ordinary costs about 6 - 8 rubles;
facing - 14.80 rubles;
thickened hollow M150 - 9.50 rubles.

Almost all brick supply companies can offer their storage services for purchased material, some do big seasonal discounts. It is best to specify the cost by phone, depending on the batch, you can also safely ask for a price reduction.

M E F G O S U D A R S T V E N N Y S T A N D A R T

BRICK AND STONE CERAMIC

General specifications

Ceramic brick and stone. General specifications

1Application area

This standard applies to brick and ceramic stone (hereinafter referred to as products) used for laying and cladding load-bearing, self-supporting and non-bearing walls and other elements of buildings and structures, as well as e clinker bricks used for laying foundations, vaults, walls subject to heavy loads, and bricks for exterior laying of chimneys, industrial and domestic furnaces.

This standard establishes technical requirements, acceptance rules, test methods for products.

This standard does not apply to bricks for paving roads, bricks for laying the inner surface of chimneys and industrial furnaces, refractory and acid-resistant bricks.

This standard uses normative references to the following interstate standards:

GOST 166-89 (ISO 3599-76) Calipers. Specifications

GOST 427-75 Measuring metal rulers. Specifications

GOST 473.1-81 Chemically resistant and heat-resistant ceramic products. Method for determining acid resistance

GOST 3749-77 Calibration squares 90º. Specifications

Official edition

GOST 7025-91 Ceramic and silicate bricks and stones. Methods for determining water absorption, density and control of frost resistance

GOST 8462-85 Wall materials. Methods for determining the ultimate strength in compression and bending

GOST 14192-96 Marking of goods

GOST 18343-80 Pallets for bricks and ceramic stones. Specifications

GOST 25706-83 Loupes. Types, basic parameters. General technical requirements

GOST 26254-84 Buildings and structures. Methods for determining the resistance to heat transfer of enclosing structures

GOST 30108-94 Construction materials and products. Determination of specific effective activity of natural radionuclides

GOST 30244-94 Construction materials. Flammability test methods

Note - When using this standard, it is advisable to check the validity of reference standards in the territory of the state according to the corresponding index of standards and classifiers compiled as of January 1 of the current year, and according to the corresponding information indexes published in the current year. If the reference standard is replaced (modified), then when using this standard, you should be guided by the replacing (modified) standard. If reference document canceled without replacement, the provision in which the link to it is given applies to the extent that this link is not affected.

3 Terms and definitions

In this standard, the following terms are used with their respective definitions:

3.1 brick: Ceramic piece product intended for masonry with mortar.

3.2 normal format brick (single): Product in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped with nominal dimensions of 250×120×65 mm.

3.3 stone: Large-format hollow ceramic product with a nominal thickness of 140 mm or more, intended for masonry.

3.4 solid brick: A product in which there are no voids or with a void not more than 13%.

3.5 hollow brick: A product that has voids of various shapes and sizes.

3.6 shaped brick: A product having a shape other than that of a cuboid.

3.7 additional element: Specially shaped product designed to complete masonry.

3.8 clinker brick: A product with high strength and low water absorption, providing masonry performance in severe aggressive environment and acting as a decorative material.

3.9brick facial: A product that provides the performance characteristics of masonry and performs the functions of a decorative material.

3.10 regular brick: A product that provides the performance characteristics of masonry.

3.11 stone with tongue-and-groove system: Product with protrusions on vertical edges for tongue-and-groove connection of stones in masonry without the use of masonry mortar in vertical seams.

3.12 working size (width) of the stone: The size of the product between smooth vertical edges (without protrusions for the tongue-and-groove connection), which forms the thickness of the wall when laying in one stone.

3.13 non-working size (length) of the stone: The size of the product between the vertical edges with protrusions for the tongue-and-groove connection, which forms the length of the wall when laying.

3.14 bed: The working face of the product, located parallel to the base of the masonry (see Figure 1).

3.15 spoons: The largest face of the product, located perpendicular to the bed (see Figure 1).

3.16 poke: The smallest face of the product, located perpendicular to the bed (see figure 1).

1 - width; 2 - length; 3 - thickness; 4 - spoons; 5 - bed; 6 - poke

Figure 1 - Fragment of masonry

3.17 voidness: The proportion of voids in the volume of the product, expressed as a percentage.

3.18 crack: Rupture of the product without destroying it into parts, with an opening width of more than 0.5 mm.

3.19 through crack: A crack that extends through the entire thickness of the product, extending more than half the width of the product.

3.20 cross-section: A crack with an opening width of not more than 0.5 mm.

3.21 beatenness: Mechanical damage to the face, edge, corner of the product.

3.22 breakaway: Product defect caused by the presence of carbonate or other inclusions (see appendix B).

3.23 peeling: Destruction of the product in the form of delamination of thin plates from its surface (see Appendix B).

3.24 chipping: Shedding of fragments of the surface of the product (see Appendix B).

3.25 cracking: The appearance or increase in the size of a crack after exposure to alternating temperatures (see Appendix B).

3.26 ladle: The two parts of a product formed when it is split. Products with through cracks are referred to as a polovnyak.

3.27 contact patch: An area of the surface of a product that is different in color and which occurs during the drying or firing process and does not affect the characteristics of the product.

3.28 efflorescence: Water-soluble salts that come out on the surface of the fired product in contact with moisture.

3.29 black core: The area inside the product due to the formation of iron oxide during the firing process of the product ( II).

3.30 unprotected masonry: Masonry that is not protected from external atmospheric influences and water penetration under operating conditions.

3.31 protected masonry: Masonry protected from water penetration (inner wall, inner part of a two-layer wall, outer wall protected by a layer of plaster or cladding) under operating conditions.

3.32 masonry in a highly aggressive environment: Masonry exposed to constant water saturation under operating conditions as a result of exposure to a combination of unfavorable natural and (or) artificial factors (ground or wastewater, climatic conditions) and at the same time frequent freezing and thawing in the absence of effective protection.

3.33 masonry in a moderately aggressive environment: Masonry subjected to periodic exposure to moisture and alternate freezing and thawing under operating conditions, but not related to masonry in a highly aggressive environment.

3.34 masonry in a non-aggressive environment: Masonry that is not exposed to moisture and alternate freezing and thawing under operating conditions.

4 Classification, main dimensions and symbols

4.1 Classification

4.1.1 Products are divided into ordinary and facial. A stone with tongue-and-groove and groove joints can only be ordinary.

4.1.2 Brick is made solid and hollow, stone - only hollow. The stone can be made with flat vertical edges, with tongue-and-groove protrusions on the vertical edges, with an unpolished or polished supporting surface (bed).

The voids in the products can be located perpendicular (vertical) or parallel to the bed (horizontal).

4.1.3 By compressive strength, bricks are divided into grades: M100, M125, M150, M175, M200, M250, M300; clinker brick - M300, M400, M500, M600, M800, M1000; stones - M25, M35, M50, M75, M100, M125, M150, M175, M200, M250, M300; brick and stone with horizontal voids - M25, M35, M50, M75, M100.

4.1.4 According to frost resistance, products are divided into grades F25 , F35, F50, F75, F100, F200, F300.

4.1.5 In terms of average density, products are divided into classes: 0.7; 0.8; 1.0; 1.2; 1.4; 2.0; 2.4.

4.1.6 According to the thermal characteristics of the product, depending on the class of average density, they are divided into groups in accordance with table 1.

Table 1 - Product groups according to thermal characteristics

4.2 Main dimensions

4.2.1 Products are manufactured in nominal sizes given in tables 2 and 3.

Table 2 - Nominal brick dimensions

In millimeters

Product type	Type designation	Nominal dimensions
Product type	Type designation







Brick with horizontal holes

Table 3 - Nominal stone dimensions

In millimeters

Product type	View designation	Nominal dimensions				Designation size
Product type	View designation	length or not	Width or working dimension	Thickness of unpolished stones	Thickness of polished stones	Designation size







						10.7 (11.2) NF
						14.3 (15.0) NF
						10.7 (11.2) NF
						11.1 (11.6) NF
						14.3 (15.0) NF
						14.9 (15.6) NF

End of table 3

Product type	View designation	Nominal dimensions				Designation size
Product type	View designation	Length or non-working size	Width or working dimension	Thickness of unpolished stones	Thickness of polished stones	Designation size
additional stone


N o t e 1 It is allowed, by agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer, to manufacture additional products and products of other nominal sizes, while the maximum deviations of dimensions should not exceed the values given in 4.2.2. The thickness of the products must be a multiple of the thickness of the brick plus 12 mm- bed seam. 2 The designation of the size (format) of products is defined as the ratio of the volume of the product in cubic meters to the volume of bricks of normal format 0.00195 m 3, rounding the value to the nearest decimal place. 3 Dimensions in brackets are for polished stones.

4.2.2 Maximum deviations from the nominal dimensions should not exceed on one product, mm:

By lenght:

brick and stone without tongue-and-groove connection…………… ± 4,

stone with tongue-and-groove connection……………………………± 10;

Width:

brick, stone with a width of not more than 120 mm……………………± 3,

stone with a width of more than 120 mm.……………………………………± 5;

Thickness:

face brick……………………………………………….± 2,

ordinary brick……………………………………………….± 3,

stone…………………………………………………………….± 4.

4.2.3 Deviation from perpendicularity of adjacent faces of products is not allowed for more than:

3 mm - for brick and stone up to 300 mm long;

1.4% of the length of any face - for a stone with a length or width over 300 mm.

4.2.4 Deviation from the flatness of the edges of products is not allowed for more than:

3 mm - for brick and stone;

1 mm - for polished stone.

4.2.5 The thickness of the outer walls of hollow bricks must be at least 12 mm, stone - at least 8 mm.

The corner radius of the vertical adjacent faces should be no more than 15 mm, the depth of the chamfer on the horizontal edges - no more than 3 mm.

The dimensions and number of protrusions of the tongue-and-groove connection are not regulated.

The diameter of vertical cylindrical voids and the size of the side of square voids should be no more than 20 mm, the width of slit-like voids - no more than 16 mm.

The size of the voids of products with a voidness of not more than 13% is not regulated.

The dimensions of horizontal voids are not regulated.

For stone, voids are allowed (for capture during laying) with a total cross-sectional area not exceeding 13% of the area of the stone bed.

4.3 Conventions

4.3.1 The symbol for ceramic products should consist of designating the type of product in accordance with tables 2 and 3; letters p - for privates, l - for facial, kl - for clinker, pg - for stones with a tongue-and-groove system, w - for polished stones; brick size designations - in accordance with table 2, nominal stone sizes - in accordance with table 3, working size for stone with a tongue-and-groove system - in accordance with table 3, designations: for - for solid brick, pu - for hollow brick, grades for strength, medium density class; frost resistance grades and designations of this standard.

EXAMPLES OF CONVENTIONAL DESIGNATIONS:

Ordinary brick (front), solid, dimensions 250 × 120 × 65 mm, 1NF format, strength grade M200, average density class 2.0, frost resistance grade F50:

KR-r-po (KR-l-po) 250×120×65/1NF/200/2.0/50/GOST 530-2012

Clinker brick, solid (hollow), dimensions 250 × 120 × 65 mm, format 1NF, strength grade M500, average density class 2.0, frost resistance grade F100:

KR-kl-po (KR-kl-pu) 250×120×65/1NF/500/2.0/100/GOST 530-2012.

Brick with a horizontal arrangement of voids, ordinary (front), dimensions 250 × 120 × 88 mm, format 1.4NF, strength grade M75, average density class 1.4, frost resistance grade F50:

KRG-r (KRG-l)250×120×88 / 1.4NF/75/1.4/50/ GOST 530-2012.

Ordinary (front) stone, dimensions 250 × 120 × 140 mm, format 2.1NF, strength grade M200, average density class 1.4, frost resistance grade F50:

KM-r (KM-l) 250×120×140/2.1NF/200/1.4/50/GOST 530-2012.

Stone with tongue-and-groove connection (polished), working size 510 mm, format 14.3NF, strength grade M100, average density class 0.8, frost resistance grade F35:

KM-pg (KM-pg-sh) 510 mm/14.3NF/100/0.8/35/GOST 530-2012.

Finishing stone with tongue-and-groove connection (polished), working size 250, half format 10.7 NF, strength grade M100, average density class 0.8, frost resistance grade F35:

KMD-pg (KMD-pg-sh) 250 mm /P10.7NF/100/0.8/35/GOST 530 -2012.

Additional stone (polished), working size 250, format 5.2 NF, strength grade M100, average density class 0.8, frost resistance grade F35:

KMD (KMD-sh) 250 mm /5.2 NF/100/0.8/35/GOST 530-2012.

4.3.2 It is allowed to enter additional information into the symbol for the complete identification of products.

When carrying out export-import operations, the symbol of the product may be specified in the contract for the supply of products (including entering additional alphanumeric or other information)

5Technical requirements

Products must be manufactured in accordance with the requirements of this standard according to the technological regulations approved by the manufacturer.

5.1 Appearance

5.1.1 Front products must have at least two front faces - spoon and bond. The color and type of the front face are set by agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer and are specified in the delivery document.

Ordinary products are made with smooth or embossed vertical edges.

Face brick and stone according to the type of front surface are made:

With a smooth and embossed surface;

With a surface textured by shotcrete, engobing, glazing, two-layer molding or otherwise.

Products can be natural color or volumetrically colored.

5.1.2 Single intumescent (for example, lime) inclusions with a depth of not more than 3 mm and a total area of not more than 0.2% of the area of the front faces are allowed on the front products.

On ordinary products, intumescent inclusions with a total area of not more than 1.0% of the area of the vertical faces of the product are allowed.

5.1.3 Efflorescence is not allowed on the front and clinker products.

5.1.4 Defects in the appearance of products, the size and number of which exceed the values specified in table 4, are not allowed.

Table 4 - Defects in product appearance

End of table 4

Type of defect	Meaning
Type of defect	Facial products	Ordinary products
Separate cuts with a total length, not more than, mm: for brick For stone		Not regulated
Cracks, pcs.	Not allowed
N o t e 1. Breaks with a depth of less than 3 mm are not rejection signs. 2. Cracks in the inter-hollow partitions, brittleness and cracks in the elements of the tongue-and-groove connection are not a defect. 3. For front products, defects of the front faces are indicated.

5.1.5 Products are allowed to have a black core and contact spots on the surface.

5.1.6 In the lot, no more than 5% of the lot volume is allowed.

5.2 Characteristics

5.2.1 The average density of brick and stone, depending on the average density class, should correspond to the values \u200b\u200bgiven in Table 5.

Table 5 - Medium density classes

Medium weight class	Average density, kg / m 3


	810 - 1000
	1010 - 1200
	1210 - 1400
	1410 - 2000
	2010 - 2400

The deviation of a single value of the average density (for one sample out of five) is allowed no more than:

50 kg/m³ - for classes 0.7; 0.8 and 1.0;

100 kg/m³ - for other classes.

5.2.2 The thermal performance of products is evaluated by the coefficient of thermal conductivity of the masonry in a dry state. The coefficient of thermal conductivity of masonry in a dry state, depending on the group of products according to thermal characteristics, is given in table 6.

Table 6 - Product groups according to thermal characteristics

Product groups according to thermal characteristics	The coefficient of thermal conductivity of masonry in dry state λ, W/(m °C)
high efficiency
Enhanced Efficiency	St. 0.20 to 0.24
Effective	St. 0.24 to 0.36
Conditionally effective	St. 0.36 to 0.46
Ineffective (ordinary)
N o t e 1 The values of the thermal conductivity coefficient are given for masonry with a minimum sufficient amount of masonry mortar. The value of the thermal conductivity coefficient, taking into account the actual consumption of the solution, is set in the design or technical documentation (building codes and regulations, etc.) based on tests or calculations. 2 Thermal characteristics of solid (conditional) masonry are given in Appendix D.

5.2.3 The grade of brick in terms of strength is set according to the values of compressive and bending strengths, of brick with a horizontal arrangement of voids and stone - according to the value of compressive strength. The values of compressive and bending strengths must not be less than the values indicated in table 7.

Table 7 - Compressive and bending strengths of products

Product brand
			solid brick		hollow brick format less than 1.4NF
	Average for five samples	Least for separate sample	Average for five samples	The smallest for a separate	Average for five samples	Least for separate sample	Average for five samples	Least for separate sample

End of table 7

Product brand

Compressive strength, MPa

Bending strength, MPa

solid brick

hollow brick format 1.4NF

Average
for five samples

Least for
separate sample

Average
for five samples

Smallest for a single sample

Average
for five samples

Least for
separate sample

Average
for five samples

Least for
separate sample

For products with a horizontal arrangement of voids

5.2.4Water absorption of products should be:

Not more than 6.0% - for clinker bricks;

Not less than 6.0% - for other products.

5.2.5 The rate of initial absorption of water by the supporting surface (bed) of the products must be at least 0.10 kg / (m 2 min) and not more than 3.00 kg / (m 2 min)- front products, ordinary products - without limiting the maximum value.

5.2.6 The acid resistance of clinker bricks must be at least 95%.

5.2.7 Brick and stone must be frost-resistant and, depending on the brand of frost resistance, in a state saturated with water must withstand without any visible signs of damage or destruction (cracking, peeling, chipping, spalling, except for spalling from lime inclusions) - at least 25 ; 35; 50; 75; 100; 200 or 300 alternate freeze and thaw cycles.

Types of damage to products after the frost resistance test are given in Appendix B.

The frost resistance grade of clinker bricks must be at least F75, front products - not lower than F 50. It is allowed, in agreement with the consumer, to supply face products of the brand for frost resistance F35.

5.2.8 Ceramic products are classified as non-combustible building materials in accordance with GOST 30244.

5.2.9 The specific effective activity of natural radionuclides A eff in products should not exceed 370 Bq/kg.

5.3Requirements for raw materials and materials

Clay raw materials, siliceous rocks (tripoli, diatomite), loess, industrial waste (coal waste, ash, etc.), mineral and organic additives must comply with the requirements of the current regulatory and technical documentation for them.

5.4 Marking

5.4.1 On the non-front surface of the product during the manufacturing process, the trademark or short name of the manufacturer is applied in any way.

5.4.2 Marking is applied to each packaging unit. One packaging unit must contain at least 20% of identifiable products. The marking may be applied directly to the package or on a label that is stuck on the package, or on a label attached to the package in a way that ensures its safety during transportation.

The label must contain:

Name of the manufacturer (and/or its trademark) and address;

Symbol of the product;

Batch number and date of manufacture;

Number of products in a packing unit, pcs. ( kg);

Mass of a packing unit, kg;

Mark of conformity for the supply of certified products (if provided by the certification system).

5.4.3 The manufacturer has the right to put additional information on the packaging that does not contradict the requirements of this standard and allows identifying the product and its manufacturer.

5.4.4 Each package (overpack) must have a shipping label in accordance with GOST 14192.

5.5 Packaging

5.5.1 Products must be stacked on a pallet in a way that ensures the safety of the packaging unit during storage and transportation.

5.5.2 The stacked products must be packed in shrink or stretch film or other materials that ensure the safety of the products.

5.5.3 In one packing unit there must be products of the same symbol.

5.5.4 Upon agreement with the consumer, other types of packaging are allowed to ensure the safety of products during transportation.

6 Rules acceptance

6.1 Products must be accepted by the technical control of the manufacturer.

6.2 Products are accepted in batches. The batch volume is set in the amount of not more than the daily output of one furnace.

When accepting products by the consumer, a batch is considered to be products shipped under a specific contract (order), or products in the volume of one vehicle, issued with one quality document.

6.3 The batch must consist of products of the same symbol.

6.4 The quality of products is ensured by:

Input control of raw materials and materials;

Operational production (technological) control.

The quality of products is confirmed by acceptance control of finished products. Acceptance control includes acceptance and periodic tests.

6.5 For testing by random selection, products (samples) are selected from different places of the lot in accordance with table 8.

Table 8 - Number of selected products (samples) for testing

Name indicator	selected products (samples), pcs.	Type of tests		Periodicity control	Method tests
Name indicator	selected products (samples), pcs.	Acceptance	Periodic	Periodicity control	Method tests
Appearance, dimensions	Stone - 25, brick - 35			Each batch
Deviations from the nominal dimensions and shape	Stone - 25, brick - 35			Each batch
Compressive Strength: Brick;				Each batch
Flexural strength brick				Each batch	According to GOST 8462
Compressive strength of clinker bricks				Once a week
Flexural strength clinker brick				Once a week	According to GOST 8462
The presence of lime inclusions				Once every two weeks
The presence of efflorescence for clinker and face products				Once a month
Average density				Each batch	According to GOST 7025
Water absorption				Once a month	According to GOST 7025
Initial water absorption rate				Once a month
emptiness				Once a month
Acid resistance of clinker bricks				Once a year	According to GOST 473.1
Frost resistance				Once a quarter	According to GOST 7025
Specific effective activity of natural radionuclides A eff				Once a year	According to GOST 30108

The selected products are checked for conformity with the requirements of this standard in terms of appearance, dimensions and regularity of shape, and then tested.

Periodic tests in terms of water absorption, the rate of initial absorption of water, acid resistance, the presence of efflorescence and frost resistance of products are also carried out when changing raw materials and technological parameters; by the presence of lime inclusions - when the content of inclusions in clay raw materials changes. The results of periodic tests are extended to all supplied batches of products until the next periodic tests are carried out.

6.6 Specific effective activity of natural radionuclides A eff is controlled during input control according to the documents of the supplier of raw materials. In the absence of data from the supplier enterprise on the specific effective activity of natural radionuclides, testing of products for this indicator should be carried out at least once a year in accredited testing laboratories, as well as when changing the supplier of raw materials.

6.7 The thermal characteristics of solid masonry are determined when the product is put into production.

6.8 The batch is accepted if, when checking the dimensions and correctness of the shape of the products selected from the batch, only one product does not meet the requirements of this standard. The lot is not subject to acceptance if two of the products selected from the lot do not meet the requirements of this standard.

6.9 If unsatisfactory results are obtained when testing products according to the indicators given in Table 8 (except for the indicators of appearance, size, regularity of shape and frost resistance), the products are retested according to this indicator on twice the number of samples taken from this batch.

The lot is accepted if the retest results meet all the requirements of this standard; if they don't match- the party is not accepted.

6.10 When testing products by the consumer, during inspection control and certification tests, sampling and evaluation of control results are carried out in accordance with the requirements of this section, using control methods in accordance with section 7.

In disputable cases, the control check is carried out in the presence of a representative of the manufacturer. The list of controlled parameters is established by agreement with the test participants.

6.11 Each batch of supplied products must be accompanied by a quality document indicating:

Name of the manufacturer and (or) its trademark;

Name and symbol of the product;

Number and date of issue of the document;

Batch number;

Number (mass) of products in a batch, pcs. (kg);

Strength grade, medium density class, frost resistance grade;

Void;

Water absorption;

Initial water absorption rate;

Acid resistance (for clinker bricks);

Thermal Efficiency Group;

Specific effective activity of natural radionuclides A eff.

In export-import operations, the content of the accompanying quality document is specified in a specific contract for the supply of products.

7 Test methods

7.1 Test methods for incoming quality control of raw materials and materials are indicated in the technological documentation for the manufacture of products, taking into account the requirements of regulatory documents for these raw materials and materials.

7.2 Test methods during production operational control are established in the technological documentation for the manufacture of products.

7.3 Determination of geometric dimensions

7.3.1 Dimensions of products, thickness of outer walls, diameter of cylindrical voids, dimensions of square and width of slit-like voids, length of cuts, length of broken ribs, radius of curvature of adjacent faces and chamfer depth on ribs are measured with a metal ruler according to GOST 427 or a caliper according to GOST 166. Error measurements- ± 1 mm.

7.3.2 The length, width and thickness of each product is measured along the edges (at a distance of 15 mm from the corner) and in the middle of the edges of opposite faces. The arithmetic mean of three measurements is taken as the measurement result.

7.3.3 The thickness of the outer walls of a hollow product is measured at least at three places on each outer wall. . The smallest value is taken as the measurement result.

The dimensions of the voids are measured inside the voids on at least three voids. The highest value is taken as the measurement result.

7.3.4 The crack opening width is measured using a measuring magnifier according to GOST 25706, after which the product is checked for compliance with the requirements of 5.2.4. Measurement error- ± 1 mm.

7.3.5 The depth of broken corners and ribs is measured using a square in accordance with GOST 3749 and a ruler in accordance with GOST 427 along the perpendicular from the top of the corner or edge formed by the square to the damaged surface. Measurement error- ± 1 mm.

7.4 Definition the correctness of the form

7.4.1 The deviation from perpendicularity of the faces is determined by applying the square to the adjacent faces of the product and measuring the largest gap between the square and the face with a metal ruler according to GOST 427. Measurement error- ± 1 mm.

The measurement result is taken as the largest of all the obtained measurement results.

7.4.2 Deviation from the flatness of the product is determined by applying one side of the metal square to the edge of the product, and the other along each diagonal of the face and measuring with a probe calibrated in the prescribed manner, or with a metal ruler according to GOST 427, the largest gap between the surface and the edge of the square. Measurement error- ± 1 mm.

For the measurement result, take the largest of all the obtained measurement results.

7.5 The presence of lime inclusions is determined after steaming the products in the vessel.

Samples not previously exposed to moisture are placed on a grid placed in a vessel with a lid. The water poured under the grate is heated to a boil. Steaming is continued for 1 h. The samples are then cooled in a closed vessel for 4 h, after which they are checked for compliance with the requirements of 5.2.2.

7.6 The voidness of products is defined as the ratio of the volume of sand filling the voids of the product to the volume of the product.

The voids of the product lying on a sheet of paper on a flat surface with holes upwards are filled with dry quartz sand of a fraction of 0.5 - 1.0 mm. The product is removed, the sand is poured into a glass measuring cylinder and its volume is recorded. Product voidness R, %, calculated by the formula

(1)

Where V pes - the volume of sand, mm 3;

l- product length, mm;

d- product width, mm;

h- product thickness, mm.

The test result is taken as the arithmetic mean of three parallel determinations and rounded up to 1%.

7.7 Determination of the initial water absorption rate

7.7.1 Sample preparation

The sample is the whole product, from the surface of which dust and excess material have been removed. The samples are dried to constant weight at (105 ± 5) °C and cooled to room temperature.

7.7.2 Equipment

Water tank with a base area larger than the bed of the product, and a height of at least 20 mm, with a grate or ribs on the bottom to create a distance between the bottom and the surface of the product. The water level in the tank must be kept constant.

Stopwatch with a division value of 1 s.

Drying cabinet with automatic temperature control (105 ± 5) °С.

Scales that provide an accuracy of measurement of at least 0.1% of the mass of a dry sample.

7.7.3 Conducting the test

The sample is weighed, the length and width of the supporting surface immersed in the water container are measured, and its area is calculated. The product is immersed in a container with water at a temperature of (20 ± 5) ° C to a depth of (5 ± 1) mm and kept for (60 ± 2) s. The test specimen is then removed from the water, excess water is removed and weighed.

7.7.4 Handling results

Initial absorption rate WITH abs, kg / (m 2 min), . calculated for each sample with an accuracy of 0.1 kg / (m 2 min) according to the formula

(2)

Where - m 1 - dry sample weight, g;

m 2 - mass of the sample after immersion in water, g;

S- area of the immersed surface of the sample, mm 2 ;

t- sample holding time in water (constant value, t= 1 min).

The rate of initial absorption of water is calculated as the arithmetic mean of the results of five parallel determinations.

7.8 Determining the presence of efflorescence

To determine the presence of efflorescence, the product is split into two approximately identical halves, one of which is immersed with a broken edge into a container filled with distilled water to a depth of 1–2 cm, and kept for 7 days (the water level in the vessel must be maintained constant). After 7 days, the half of the product is dried in an oven at a temperature of (105 ± 5) ºС to constant weight, and then compared with the second half that has not been tested, checking for compliance with 5.1.3.

7.9 Brick bending strength is determined according to GOST 8462.

7.10 Limit compressive strength of products is determined according to GOST 8462 with the following additions.

7.10.1 Sample preparation

Samples are tested in an air-dry state. When testing a brick, the test sample is made up of two whole bricks laid in beds on top of each other. When testing stones, one stone is used as a sample.

The preparation of the supporting surfaces of products for acceptance tests is carried out by grinding, for samples of clinker bricks, leveling with cement mortar is used; during arbitration tests of brick and stone, grinding is used, for clinker bricks - leveling with a cement mortar prepared in accordance with 2.6 GOST 8462. It is allowed to use other methods of leveling the supporting surfaces of the samples during acceptance tests, provided that there is a correlation between the results obtained with different methods of leveling the supporting surface, as well as the availability of verification of the information that is the basis for such a connection.

The deviation from flatness of the supporting surfaces of the test specimens shall not exceed 0.1 mm for every 100 mm of length. The non-parallelism of the supporting surfaces of the test specimens (the difference in the height values measured along the four vertical ribs) should be no more than 2 mm.

The test sample is measured along the center lines of the supporting surfaces with an error of up to± 1 mm.

Axial lines are applied to the side surfaces of the sample.

7.10.2 Conducting the test

The sample is installed in the center of the base plate of the machine for compression testing, combining the geometric axes of the sample and the plate, and pressed by the top plate of the machine. During testing, the load on the sample should increase as follows: until approximately half of the expected value of the breaking load is reached - arbitrarily, after that, the loading rate is maintained at such a rate that the destruction of the sample occurs no earlier than after 1 min. The value of the breaking load is recorded.

7.10.3 Compressive strength of productsR szh, MPa (kgf / cm 2), calculated by the formula

R szh . = P/ F, (3)

Where R- the maximum load established during the test of the sample, N (kgf);

F- cross-sectional area of the sample (without deducting the area of voids); You-

Calculated as the arithmetic mean of the areas of the upper

And bottom surfaces, mm 2 (cm 2).

The value of the compressive strength of the samples is calculated with an accuracy of 0.1 MPa (1 kgf) as the arithmetic mean of the test results of the number of samples specified in 6.5.

7.11 The average density, water absorption and frost resistance (volumetric freezing method) of products are determined in accordance with GOST 7025.

The result of determining the average density of products is rounded up to 10 kg / m 3.

Water absorption is determined when samples are saturated with water at a temperature of (20 ± 5) ºС at atmospheric pressure.

Frost resistance is determined by the method of bulk freezing. All samples were assessed for damage every five freeze and thaw cycles.

7.12 The acid resistance of clinker bricks is determined in accordance with GOST 473.1.

7.13 Specific effective activity of natural radionuclides A eff is determined according to GOST 30108.

7.14 The coefficient of thermal conductivity of masonry is determined according to GOST 26254 with the following additions.

The thermal conductivity coefficient is determined experimentally on a masonry fragment, which, taking into account the mortar joints, is made with a thickness of one bonder and one spoon rows of bricks or stones. Masonry of enlarged stones is performed with a thickness of one stone. The length and height of the masonry must be at least 1.5 m (see Figure 2). Masonry is carried out on a complex solution of grade 50, with an average density of 1800 kg / m 3, composition 1.0: 0.9: 8.0 (cement: lime: sand) by volume, on Portland cement grade 400 with a cone draft for full-bodied products 12- 13 cm, for hollow ones - 9 cm. It is allowed to perform a fragment of masonry other than that indicated above, using other solutions, the composition of which is indicated in the test report.

a) General view of masonry b) Examples of masonry in cross section

d- masonry thickness; 1 - single brick masonry; 2 - thickened brick masonry;

3 - stone masonry

Figure 2 - Fragment of masonry to determine the coefficient of thermal conductivity

A fragment of masonry from products with through voids should be made using a technology that excludes filling voids with masonry mortar or with filling voids with mortar, which is recorded in the test report. Masonry is carried out in the opening of the climatic chamber with a device along the contour of thermal insulation from slab insulation; the thermal resistance of thermal insulation must be at least 1.0 m 2 °C/W. After making a masonry fragment, its outer and inner surfaces are rubbed with a plaster mortar with a thickness of not more than 5 mm and a density corresponding to the density of the tested products, but not more than 1400 and not less than 800 kg/m3.

A masonry fragment is tested in two stages:

Stage 1 - the masonry is kept and dried for at least two weeks to a moisture content of not more than 6%;

Stage 2 - spend additional drying of masonry to a moisture content of 1% -3%.

The moisture content of products in the masonry is determined by non-destructive testing devices. Tests in the chamber are carried out with a temperature difference between the inner and outer surfaces of the masonry³ 40 °С, temperature in the warm zone of the chamber = 18 °С - 20 °С, relative air humidity (40 ± 5)%. It is allowed to reduce the exposure time of the masonry, provided that the outer surface is blown and the inner surface of the fragment is heated by tubular electric heaters (TEN), spotlights, etc. to a temperature of 35 ° C - 40 ° C.

Before testing, at least five thermocouples are installed on the outer and inner surfaces of the masonry in the central zone according to the current regulatory document. Additionally, heat meters are installed on the inner surface of the masonry in accordance with the current regulatory document. Thermocouples and heat meters are installed so that they cover the surface areas of the spoon and bond rows of masonry, as well as horizontal and vertical mortar joints. The thermotechnical parameters are fixed after the onset of the stationary thermal state of the masonry not earlier than 72 hours after the climate chamber is turned on. Measurement of parameters is carried out at least three times with an interval of 2 - 3 hours.

For each heat meter and thermocouple, determine the arithmetic mean of the readingsq i And t i for the observation period. Based on the test results, the weighted average values of the temperature of the outer and inner surfaces of the masonry are calculatedt n wed, t on Wednesday , taking into account the area of the spoon and bond measured sections, as well as the vertical and horizontal sections of mortar joints according to the formula

, (4)

Where t i- surface temperature at a pointi, °С;

F i- area of the i-th section, m 2.

According to the test results, the thermal resistance of the masonry is determined, m 2 ° C / W, taking into account the actual humidity during the tests according to the formula

, (5)

where = Figure 3 - Graph of the equivalent coefficient of thermal conductivity

from masonry moisture

Thermal conductivity coefficient of masonry in a dry state l 0 , W / (m ° C), calculated by the formula

(8)

Or . (9)

For the test result, take the arithmetic mean value of the coefficient of thermal conductivity of the masonry in a dry state, W/(m ° C), calculated by the formula

/2. (10)

8 Transport and storage

8.1 Products are transported by all means of transport in accordance with the rules for the carriage of goods in force for a particular type of transport.

8.2 Transportation of bricks and stone is carried out in packaged form.

Transport packages are formed at the storage site or directly on the production line on pallets according to GOST 18343 with a size of 1x1 m (980x980 mm) or technological containers of other sizes according to the technical documentation of the manufacturer.

8.3 The weight of one package must not exceed the rated load capacity of the pallet.

8.4 In the technological documentation for the manufacture of products, a scheme for fastening products in a transport package is given, depending on the distance of transportation and the type of vehicle.

8.5 Formed overpacks should be stored in one tier in continuous stacks. It is allowed to install the package on top of each other no more than four tiers, subject to compliance with safety requirements.

8.6 Storage of products at the consumer must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of 8.5 and safety regulations.

8.7 Loading and unloading of packages of products must be carried out mechanized using special load gripping devices that ensure the safety of products and compliance with safety requirements in the production of loading and unloading operations.

Loading products in bulk (throw) and unloading them by dropping are not allowed.

9 Instructions for use

9.1 Brick and stone are used in accordance with the requirements of the current regulatory documents for the design, production of works (building codes and regulations, codes of practice) and standards in accordance with the design documentation for the construction of buildings and structures.

When using clinker bricks in project documentation, it is necessary to take into account its physical and mechanical characteristics - high strength and frost resistance, low water absorption, increased resistance to aggressive external influences.

9.2 The type of products (brick, stone) for laying load-bearing, self-supporting and non-bearing structures, including for cladding the facades of buildings, density, strength grade and frost resistance are indicated in the working drawings.

9.3 Clinker bricks are mainly used for masonry and cladding in a highly aggressive environment. In accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents for the design, clinker bricks can be used in foundations and plinths of building walls, basements, for the construction retaining walls, columns, parapets, for external walls of premises with a wet regime, for use in the sewerage system, chimneys, ventilation ducts, etc. For masonry of clinker bricks, special masonry mortars are used for products with water absorption of not more than 6%. clinker

Clay brick has always been and remains today, one of the most popular, constructive and finishing materials. This material is truly universal: it can be used to build walls of any shape, including round ones.

Thanks to existing masonry technologies, they can be made insulated, monolithic, exterior facade decoration, or interior decor. What requirements does GOST impose on facing ceramic bricks? And what types of clay bricks generally exist?

The instruction and video in this article will tell you about this.

All types of ceramic bricks, both building and facing, are produced according to the same standard - its name is indicated in the title. It also applies to clinker bricks, despite the fact that the technology for its manufacture has significant differences.

The unsurpassed strength characteristics of this material allow it to be used where heavy loads are expected. Naturally, these are foundations and load-bearing walls, as well as arched vaults, and the outer lining of stoves and chimneys: both domestic and industrial. So, there is nothing surprising in the fact that its price is much higher.
It should be immediately noted that this standard does not apply to special types of bricks, which include acid-resistant and fireclay (refractory) bricks, as well as ceramic stones for paving roads.

Terms and Definitions

A brick, as such, is a piece of ceramic product used for masonry on mortar. If we talk about a single brick of a normal format, then it can be characterized as follows: this is a product that has the shape of a parallelepiped with right angles and the following dimensions: length 250 mm; width 120 mm; height 65 mm.

To familiarize the reader with the appearance of products, as well as with the terms used in construction when it comes to brick and masonry, we offer a small overview in the form of a table:

Appearance and name of brick	Definition of the term
	Ordinary building brick with normal dimensions and without voids. The cost of this material is the most affordable, since it is not decorated in any way. For building walls with your own hands - this is the most commonly purchased type of brick.
	In it, voids are either completely absent, or their number does not exceed 13%. This is exactly what you see in the picture below.
	This type of brick has voids of various sizes and configurations in its body. Moreover, voids can be through and non-through.
	This product can have any shape other than a parallelepiped.
	As already mentioned, this product has a higher strength and low water absorption. Beautiful appearance allows you to use it as a decorative material, including in landscape design. Its dimensions correspond to the normal format of building bricks. Clinker bricks can have any form and surface treatment options inherent in conventional bricks.
	Although this product is decorative material, according to its characteristics, it should correspond to an ordinary brick. That is, the front brick provides the masonry with the required strength, and at the same time decorates it.
	A hollow ceramic product, different from a brick in large format, intended for laying walls. The nominal thickness of the ceramic stone must be at least 140 mm.
	This type of product has protrusions and grooves on its vertical edges, which allow joining their ends. This connection allows not to use masonry mortar in vertical joints. By the way, stones with grooved and tongue-and-groove joints are not facial.

As can be seen from the table, a brick can be ordinary and facial, as well as full-bodied and hollow. Voids can be located in the body of a brick not only vertically, but also longitudinally.

As for ceramic stone: in order to reduce weight, it is made only in a hollow version. The desire to avoid additional loads on the foundation is quite understandable.

Marking and basic requirements

Brick is marked according to strength characteristics: from M100 to M300, 7 types in total.

The strength of clinker bricks from M300 is just beginning - products with maximum strength are marked M1000. Stones are marked in the same way, but their strength level is lower than even ordinary bricks: from M25 to M300.

In addition to the normal format, the brick may have other sizes, which are regulated by the standard 530.2012. There are only two length options: 250 mm and 288 mm. The width may differ from the nominal size of 120 mm, both up and down: 60 mm; 85 mm and 138 mm. The thickness has only three options: 55 mm; 65 mm and 88 mm.

In ceramic blocks, the size range is much more diverse. The most popular stone size: 380*250*188 mm.

To complete the laying of ceramic stone, additional elements are also provided. Moreover, by agreement between the customer and the manufacturer, their dimensions may differ from those specified in this standard.

Appearance of products

Naturally, the highest requirements are placed on the front brick. Firstly, it must have at least two front faces: one longitudinal and one end.

And the way they finish is at the mercy of the manufacturer. This can be two-layer molding, glazing, texture shotcrete, engobe, embossing. In general, there are a lot of options.

Ordinary bricks come in only two versions: with a smooth surface, or relief applied to it. All products can have both a natural color and be dyed in their mass. As for the requirements for the appearance of an ordinary and front brick, they also differ.

For example, if a small percentage of defects in the form of cracks, broken edges, edges and corners is allowed for ordinary products, then this is completely unacceptable for facing bricks. The reasons for such strict requirements are understandable, because the surface of the facing brickwork is not plastered.
It remains to add that when designing objects where it is supposed brickwork walls or decorative cladding of facades, the brand of products, as well as their density and frost resistance, must be specified in the working documentation.

GOST for ceramic facing tiles, which often imitate brick, regulates the requirements for appearance even more strictly, especially when it comes to first-class products. The use of such a tile provides undeniable advantages.
First, it costs much less.
Secondly, due to the low weight of the cladding, the load on the foundation is reduced. And if you need to veneer under the brick an old house, to do this, of course, is better with the help of tiles. At the same time, the facade does not at all lose the individuality of the relief that the brick provides. This is easy to verify by looking at the photo above.

Conclusion

Brickwork is heavy and needs to be supported by a foundation. It has to be dug up and, if the width of the tape is not enough, topped up. All these additional costs and labor costs are something that every customer seeks to avoid.

GOST 530-95

INTERSTATE STANDARD

BRICK AND CERAMIC STONES

TECHNICAL CONDITIONS

INTERSTATE SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL COMMISSION
ON STANDARDIZATION AND TECHNICAL REGULATION
IN CONSTRUCTION (MNTKS)

Moscow

Foreword

1 DEVELOPED BY JSC VNIIstrom im. P.P. Budnikov with the participation of TsNIISK them. V.A. Kucherenko, NIISF and Voronezhstroymaterialy JSC of the Russian Federation

INTRODUCED by the Ministry of Construction of Russia

2 ADOPTED by the Interstate Scientific and Technical Commission for Standardization and Technical Regulation in Construction (MNTKS) on April 19, 1995

State name

Republic of Armenia

State Architecture of the Republic of Armenia

Ministry of Construction and Architecture of the Republic of Belarus

The Republic of Kazakhstan

Ministry of Construction of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Kyrgyz Republic

Gosstroy of the Kyrgyz Republic

The Republic of Moldova

Ministry of Architecture of the Republic of Moldova

Russian Federation

Ministry of Construction of Russia

The Republic of Tajikistan

Gosstroy of the Republic of Tajikistan

The Republic of Uzbekistan

Goskomarchitektstroy of the Republic of Uzbekistan

Amendment No. 1 was adopted by the Interstate Scientific and Technical Commission for Standardization, Technical Regulation and Certification in Construction (MNTKS) on May 30, 2001.

State name

Name of the public administration body for construction

The Republic of Azerbaijan

Gosstroy of the Republic of Azerbaijan

Republic of Armenia

Ministry of Urban Development of the Republic of Armenia

The Republic of Moldova

Ministry of Environment and Territory Improvement

Russian Federation

Ministry of Construction of Russia

The Republic of Tajikistan

Komarchstroy of the Republic of Tajikistan

3 INTRODUCED from July 1, 1996 as the state standard of the Russian Federation by Decree of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated December 5, 1995 No. 18-103

5 EDITION (September 2002) with Amendment No. 1 adopted in September 2001 (IUS 4-2002)

GOST 530-95

INTERSTATE STANDARD

BRICK AND CERAMIC STONES

Specifications

Ceramic bricks and stones.
Specifications

Introduction date 1996-07-01

1 AREA OF USE

This standard applies to ceramic bricks and stones produced by semi-dry pressing or plastic molding of clay and siliceous (tripoli, diatomite) sedimentary rocks and industrial waste (coal mining and coal ash preparation) and fired in furnaces.

Bricks and stones are used for laying stone and reinforced masonry external and internal walls of buildings and structures, as well as for laying solid brick foundations.

The requirements set forth in paragraphs - , , , , , , sections and are mandatory.

2 REGULATORY REFERENCES

This standard uses references to the following standards.

Nominal size

Single brick

Thickened brick

Brick modular dimensions single

Brick of modular dimensions thickened

Thickened brick with a horizontal arrangement of voids

Modular size stone

Enlarged modular size stone

Enlarged stone

Enlarged stone with a horizontal arrangement of voids

Note - It is allowed, in agreement with the consumer, to produce enlarged stones in sizes:

For products of plastic molding from loess, tripoli, diatomites

±7................................................... by length

±5................................................... by width

For products of plastic molding and semi-dry pressing

±5................................................... by length

±4................................................... by width

±3................................................... by thickness - for brick

±4................................................... by thickness - for stone

The deviation from perpendicularity of the faces in millimeters should not exceed:

4 - for products of plastic molding from loess, tripoli, diatomites;

3 - for products of plastic molding and semi-dry pressing.

(Revised edition, Rev. No. 1).

3.3 Types and sizes

3.3.1 Single and thickened bricks are made solid (without voids and with technological voids) and hollow, and stones - only hollow. The dimensions, shape and location of voids in the product, as well as the voidness of the product, are given in the appendix.

The thickness of the outer walls of the hollow product must be at least 12 mm.

Products can be manufactured with a different hollowness, with a different number and arrangement of holes, subject to the requirements,.

3.3.2 The voids in the products must be located perpendicular or parallel to the bed and can be through and non-through.

The width of slot-like voids should be no more than 16 mm, and the diameter of cylindrical through voids and the size of the side of square voids should not exceed 20 mm.

For enlarged stones, technological voids are allowed (for capture during laying) with a cross-sectional area of voids not exceeding 13% of the base area.

The diameter of blind voids and the dimensions of horizontal voids are not regulated.

3.4 According to the strength of solid products and with vertically located voids, they make grades: 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 250, 300, and with horizontally located voids - 25, 35, 50, 75, 100.

3.3.1 - 3.4 (Revised edition, Rev. No. 1).

Legend Examples

Solid single ceramic brick, strength grade 100, frost resistance grade F15:

Brick K - O 100/15/GOST 530-95

Brick ceramic hollow single brand strength 150, frost resistance F15:

Brick KP - O 150/15/GOST 530-95

Brick ceramic hollow thickened brand for strength 125, for frost resistance F25:

Brick KP - U 125/25/GOST 530-95

Ceramic stone grade for strength 100, frost resistance F15:

Stone K 100/15/GOST 530-95

Enlarged ceramic stone grade for strength 150, frost resistance F15:

Stone KUK 150/15/GOST 530-95

Ceramic stone of modular dimensions of the brand for strength 175, for frost resistance F15:

Stone KM 175/15/GOST 530-95

Enlarged ceramic stone with a horizontal arrangement of voids, strength grade 50, frost resistance F15:

Stone KUG 50/15/GOST 530-95

Thickened ceramic brick with a horizontal arrangement of voids, strength grade 100, frost resistance F15:

Brick KUG 100/15/GOST 530-95

(Revised edition, Rev. No. 1).

4 TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS

4.1 Products must be manufactured in accordance with the requirements of this standard according to the technological regulations approved by the manufacturer.

4.2 Characteristics

It is allowed to produce products with rounded vertical ribs with a radius of curvature of not more than 15 mm.

According to the texture of the surface (spoon, bonder) products can be smooth or corrugated.

On the surface of the products, the presence of spalls in the largest dimension from 3 to 6 mm is allowed, the number of not more than 3 pieces.

4.2.1.4 The amount of half-dough in a batch should not exceed 5%.

A brick that has one or more through cracks over the entire thickness of the brick with a length of more than 30 mm across the width of the brick and located in the central part of the supporting surface is referred to as a slab.

4.2.1.3, 4.2.1.4 (Revised edition, Rev. No. 1).

4.2.1.5 It is not allowed to supply the consumer with unburned and burnt products.

Table 2

Number of defects

1 Corner breaks from 10 to 15 mm deep

2 Bruised and dull ribs with a depth of not more than 10 mm and a length of 10 to 15 mm

3 Cracks with a length of up to 300 mm along the bed of solid bricks and hollow products no more than up to the first row of voids (depth for the entire thickness of the brick or 1/2 of the thickness of the bond or spoon face of stones):

On spoon sides

On the butt edges

4.5 The mass of bricks in the dried state should not exceed 4.3 kg, and stones - more than 16 kg.

It is allowed, upon agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer, reflected in the supply contract, the manufacture of enlarged stones weighing more than 16 kg.

(Revised edition, Rev. No. 1).

4.6 Products belong to the group of non-combustible building materials according to GOST 30244.

If necessary, in the national norms in force on the territory of the state, the value of the specific effective activity of natural radionuclides can be changed within the limits indicated above.

(Revised edition, Rev. No. 1).

4.9 Requirements for raw materials and materials

4.9.1 Clay raw materials used for the manufacture of products must comply with the requirements of current regulatory documents.

The materials used for the manufacture of products must comply with the requirements of the current regulatory and technical documents for these materials, as well as technological documentation, and ensure that products of the specified technical characteristics are obtained.

Table 3

In megapascals (kgf / cm 2)

Tensile strength

under compression

when bending

all types of products

solid brick plastic molding

semi-dry pressed bricks and hollow bricks

thickened brick

Average for 5 samples

Smallest for a single sample

Average for 5 samples

Smallest for a single sample

Average for 5 samples

Smallest for a single sample

For bricks and stones with horizontal voids

Note - The flexural strength is determined by the actual area of the brick without deducting the area of voids.

4.10 Marking

4.10.1 Products must be marked in each package, one in the middle row.

4.10.2 On the bonded surface of the product, an indelible paint is applied using a stencil (stamp) or stamp imprint during the manufacturing process, the trademark of the manufacturer.

4.10.3 Each package (package) must have a shipping label in accordance with GOST 14192.

5 ACCEPTANCE RULES

5.1 Products must be accepted by the technical control of the manufacturer.

5.2 Products are accepted in batches. The batch volume is set in the amount of not more than the daily output of one furnace.

5.3 The batch must consist of products of the same type, of the same brand in terms of strength and frost resistance.

5.4 To check the compliance of products with the requirements of this standard, acceptance and periodic tests are carried out.

Acceptance tests are carried out according to the following indicators:

Appearance (presence of appearance defects);

Dimensions and correctness of form;

Product weight;

Compressive strength of products;

Bending strength for bricks.

5.5 Periodic tests are carried out at least once:

In two weeks - to determine the presence of lime inclusions;

Per month - to determine water absorption;

In a quarter - to determine frost resistance;

per year - to determine A eff in the event that there is no data from the supplier of raw materials on the value A eff in supplied materials.

Periodic tests in terms of water absorption, frost resistance are also carried out every time when the raw materials and technology change (composition of the charge, molding parameters, drying and firing modes), by the presence of lime inclusions - when the content of carbonate inclusions in clay raw materials changes.

Periodic testing by definition A eff is also carried out every time the raw materials are changed.

The thermal conductivity of products is determined when the product is put into production, as well as each time the raw materials, size and number of voids change.

5.4, 5.5 (Revised edition, Rev. No. 1).

5.6 For carrying out acceptance and periodic tests, products are selected by random selection from different places in the lot in the amount specified in and.

Stage of control

Sample size

Total sample size

acceptance number A with

Rejection number Re

The batch is accepted if the number of defective products in the sample for the first stage is less than or equal to the acceptance number A with for the first stage of control.

The batch is not accepted if the number of defective products is greater than or equal to the rejection numberRefor the first stage of control.

If the number of defective products in the sample for the first stage of control is greater than A with, but lessRe,they pass to the control of the second stage, for which a sample of the same volume is selected as in the first stage of control.

A batch of products is accepted if the total number of defective products in samples of the first and second stages is less than or equal to A with. The batch is not accepted if the total number of defective products in the samples of the first and second stages is equal to or greater thanRefor the second stage of control.

Number of samples

Dimensions and shape

The presence of lime inclusions

Weight, water absorption

Compressive Strength:

bricks

10 (or 10 paired halves)

Bending strength of bricks

Frost resistance

5.7, 5.8 (Revised edition, Rev. No. 1).

5.9 If, when checking the dimensions and correctness of the shape of the products selected from the batch, there is one product that does not meet the requirements of the standard, the batch is accepted, if two, the batch is not subject to acceptance.

5.10 If unsatisfactory results are obtained when testing products for other indicators specified in the table, re-test products for this indicator of twice the number of samples taken from this batch.

A batch of products is accepted if the results of repeated tests meet the requirements of the standard, if they do not, the batch is not subject to acceptance.

5.11 Each batch of supplied products must be accompanied by a quality document indicating:

Name of the manufacturer and (or) its trademark;

Name and symbol of products;

Number and date of issue of the document;

Lot number and quantity of shipped products;

A mass of bricks and stones;

Water absorption;

The brand of bricks and stones in terms of strength and frost resistance;

Specific effective activity of natural radionuclides;

Thermal conductivity of products;

Designation of this standard.

(Revised edition, Rev. No. 1).

5.12 The consumer, when checking the compliance of brick and stone with the requirements of this standard, must apply the procedure given in - 5.10 and the control methods established in section. In arbitration cases, the control check should be carried out in the presence of representatives of the manufacturer.

6 CONTROL METHODS

6.1 The dimensions of the products, the thickness of the outer walls, the radius of rounding of the corners, the diameter of the cylindrical voids, the width of the slot-like voids, the length of the cracks, the length of the brokenness and bluntness of the products are measured with an error of 1 mm with a metal ruler according to GOST 427.

6.2 To determine the length and width of the products, measurements are made in three places - along the ribs and in the middle of the bed, the thickness of the products - in the middle of the poke and spoon. For products with rounded corners, measurements are taken at a distance of 15 mm from the ribs. Each measurement result is evaluated separately in accordance with .

The depth of brokenness and bluntness of corners and ribs is measured with an error of 1 mm using a depth gauge according to GOST 162 or a square according to GOST 3749 and a ruler according to GOST 427 along the perpendicular from the top of the corner or rib formed by the square to the damaged surface.

6.3 The deviation from the perpendicularity of the faces is determined by applying a square to adjacent faces according to GOST 3749 and measuring with a probe or depth gauge according to GOST 162 the gap formed between the square and the edge of adjacent faces. The result is taken as the largest value of all the obtained measurement results.

6.1 - 6.3 (Revised edition, Rev. No. 1).

6.4 Compressive strength of bricks and stones and bending of bricks is determined according to GOST 8462.

6.5 The presence of lime inclusions (dutik) is determined by steaming products in a vessel.

Samples that have not been exposed to moisture are placed on a grid placed in a container with a lid. The water poured under the grate is heated to a boil. Boiling is continued for 1 hour. The samples are then cooled in this closed vessel for 4 hours, after which they are removed and checked for compliance with the requirements.

6.6 Weight, average density, water absorption and frost resistance of products are determined according to GOST 7025. Water absorption is determined when the sample is saturated with water at a temperature of (20 ± 5)° C at atmospheric pressure.

The brand of brick and stone for frost resistance is determined by the number of cycles of alternate freezing and thawing, in which the product does not show signs of visible damage: peeling, delamination, cracking, chipping, as well as changes in the appearance defects specified in and this standard.

Chips with a diameter of up to 3 mm, formed at the place where the brick was cut or due to lime hydration, are not taken into account as signs of damage to the surface of the product when testing for frost resistance.

In arbitration cases, the evaluation of the frost resistance of bricks should be carried out by loss of strength and mass.

A brick is considered frost-resistant if the average loss of strength for five samples and the lowest value of the indicator of an individual sample, set in the table for this brand, are not more than 5%, and the average weight loss for five samples is not more than 3%.

(Revised edition, Rev. No. 1).

The thermal conductivity of products is determined on a wall fragment, the size of which, taking into account mortar joints, must correspond to:

Thickness (d ) - based on the conditions for the presence of one bonder and one spoon rows of bricks or stones. For products with a horizontal arrangement of voids, a fragment in thickness is made in two versions: the first is from a bonded row of products, the second is from a spoon row;

By lenght ( l) and height ( h) - not less than 4.5 d , but not less than 1810 mm.

If the height of the brick or stone masonry does not correspond to the established height of the wall fragment, the masonry fragment is supplemented from below and above with layers of masonry mortar, consisting of small broken brick and complex mortar in a ratio of 50 to 50% by volume.

The laying of a wall fragment is performed with a single-row chain dressing on a complex mortar of brand 50 with an average density of 1800 kg / m 3 of composition 1: 0.9: 8 (cement: lime: sand) by volume, on Portland cement of brand 400 with a cone draft for full-bodied products 12 - 13 cm, for hollow ones - 9 cm.

The fabricated fragment of the wall is kept for a month in a room with an air temperature of 15 - 20° C and relative humidity 40 - 60%.

A fragment of the masonry is installed in the climatic chamber and the gaps along the contour of the chamber are sealed with heat-insulating material.

Five thermocouples are installed on the inner and outer surfaces of the wall fragment: three on the surfaces of the spoon and bond rows and two on the horizontal and vertical mortar joints. A heat flux converter (heat meter) is used with a square section with a side equal to the sum of the height of one masonry element and the thickness of one mortar joint. The heat meter is installed in the center of the wall fragment on the inner surface of the masonry spoon element with the capture of half the thickness of the upper and lower mortar joints (figure c).

A- fragment of masonry in axonometry

b- types of masonry in cross section (single brick, thickened brick, stone)

V- location of the heat meter and thermocouples

1 - heat meter; 2 - thermocouple

Picture 1 - Technical specifications masonry fragment

Tests are carried out in laboratory conditions in accordance with GOST 26254.

For the heat meter and each thermocouple, the arithmetic mean value of the readings for the observation period is determined (q i) and (t i), Where i- sensor number. Then determine the weighted average temperature ( t ), taking into account the area of the stretcher and bonder measured sections of masonry, vertical and horizontal sections of mortar joints, according to the formula

(1)

Where F i- plot area, m 2.

The experimental value of the thermal conductivity of products in the masonry in the state of actual humidity ( l exp ), W/(m ° C), calculated by the formula

Where q- heat flux density, W / m 2, determined by the formula 5 of GOST 26254;

t in , t n - weighted average temperature of the inner and outer surfaces of the wall fragment, respectively,°C;

d - wall fragment thickness, m.

The result is taken as the value of the thermal conductivity of products in the masonry in a dry state, calculated by the formula

where l 0 - thermal conductivity of products in masonry in a dry state , W/(m° C);

W exp - the actual value of the moisture content of the material in the masonry in% by weight, determined according to GOST 24816;

K- coefficient of increment of the thermal conductivity value depending on the moisture content of the material, taken equal to:K\u003d 0.09 - for products with an average density of 1200 to 1500 kg / m 3;K\u003d 0.11 - for products with an average density of St. 1500 to 1700 kg/m3;K\u003d 0.13 - for products with an average density of St. 1700 to 1900 kg/m 3 .

For products with a horizontal arrangement of voids, the result is the value of the thermal conductivity of products in the masonry in a dry state, determined by the formula

where l T , l L - the value of the thermal conductivity of the spoon and bond rows of masonry in a dry state, W / (m°C).

(Revised edition, Rev. No. 1).

It is allowed, according to the methodology of the Research Institute of Building Physics, to determine the thermal conductivity of products on a small fragment of the wall, consisting of 12 bricks or stones.

Before testing, the fragment is dried to a constant weight, covered with paraffin in order to protect it from moisture during the test.

It is allowed not to dry a wall fragment to a constant mass, but to determine the moisture content of the material after the end of the test in accordance with GOST 24816, the material samples after the test die with a jumper from the wall fragment from the location of the heat meter.

A fragment of the masonry is placed in the opening of a detachable security zone made of a material similar in terms of thermophysical properties to the tested products. The security zone, together with the fragment under study, is crimped by a mounting frame and installed in a wall that separates the climatic chamber into warm and cold zones. The heat flux converter (heat meter) and thermoelectric thermometers are installed in accordance with the figure. The tests are carried out in laboratory conditions in accordance with GOST 26254, the value of the heat flux density is measured (q) and temperature differences ( t in - t n).

The experimental value of thermal conductivity is calculated by the formula (), the thermal conductivity of products in masonry in a dry state - by the formula () of this standard.

For products with a horizontal arrangement of voids, the result is the value of thermal conductivity calculated by the formula () of this standard.

6.8 The specific effective activity of natural radionuclides is determined according to GOST 30108 on products placed in bags or on pallets with cross-dressing “on a die”.

6.9 Unburned and burnt products are determined by comparing bricks by color with samples - standards approved by the manufacturer in the prescribed manner.

(Introduced additionally, Rev. No. 1).

7 TRANSPORT AND STORAGE

7.1 Transportation of products should be carried out using pallets of the POD type in accordance with GOST 18343 as a means of packaging. It is allowed to transport products by road transport in technological (sparse) packages without pallets using fastening devices (removable and stationary) in the bodies of vehicles as a means of packaging.

7.2 Transportation of products by road, rail and water transport must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the regulatory documentation in force for each mode of transport.

7.3 Transportation of products to the Far North and hard-to-reach areas is carried out in accordance with the requirements of GOST 15846.

7.4 Loading and unloading of packages of products must be carried out mechanized using special load gripping devices.

7.5 Loading products in bulk (throw) and unloading them by dropping are not allowed.

7.6 On pallets, the products must be stacked in a “herringbone” or “on a die” and “on an edge” with a cross dressing. The mass of one package should not exceed 0.85 tons.

7.7 Packages of bricks laid with cross-linking must be packed with metal tape in accordance with GOST 3560 or shrink film in accordance with GOST 25951, or stretch film in accordance with GOST 10354.

7.8 Products should be stored in packages on pallets in accordance with GOST 18343 separately by brands and types in continuous single-tape stacks in one tier. It is allowed to install the package on top of each other no higher than two tiers.

7.9 It is allowed to store products on flat areas with a hard surface in single-strip stacks in packages without pallets.