Transcript
1 Municipal Educational Establishment Kolominogrivskaya Secondary School Creative project on technology Apron Designer The Hague Anastasia, 5th grade student, Kolominogrivskaya secondary school Project manager Danchenko L.V. technology teacher II category 2010
2 Contents 1. Justification of the problem and need..3 2. Sequence of project implementation. map Occupational safety Economic and environmental assessment Conclusion Brochure Literature
3 I. Justification of the problem and need In our house there is a room in which the whole family gathers every day - this is the kitchen. When my mother prepares breakfast, lunch or dinner, I try to help her. Helping her might get my clothes dirty. To keep your clothes clean, you need an apron. Mom has an apron, but I don’t have one yet, so I decided to sew it myself. I want to sew an apron correctly and accurately, and in the future I want to learn how to sew other clothes. Knowledge of the subjects of the Russian language, mathematics, drawing, computer science, technology will help me correctly fulfill my goal: complete the “Apron” project. I will also be using additional backsplash books as I go along. In order to sew an apron, I will need: fabric, thread, needle and sewing machine. In the process of performing project work, I set myself the following goals and objectives: assess my capabilities in the field of project activities; develop and implement a project; study: 1. what is an apron? 2. when did the first aprons appear? 3. what were they like before? research fabrics for sewing an apron; describe the process of making an apron; sew an apron; evaluate the work done; protect the project
4 II. Sequence of project implementation: 1. Justify the problem and need that has arisen. 2.Select a model. Write a description appearance models. 3.Choose fabric. 4.Select necessary tools, fixtures and equipment. 5. Perform product design and modeling. 6.Cut the product. 7.Draw up a technological sequence for manufacturing the product. 8.Calculate the cost of the product. 9. Evaluate the work done. 10.Protect the project III. Thinking star Problem, need Project protection Economic and environmental assessment Historical background Apron Equipment, tools Bank of ideas and suggestions Labor protection Manufacturing technology - 4 -
5 IV. Historical background An apron (or apron) is a widespread and almost unchanged part of clothing from ancient times to the present day. Its history begins with Ancient Egypt. Already in the early period of the existence of this country, men who were public service, and used primitive drapery. It was attached in front to a belt, which was a narrow strip of leather or tied (woven) reed stems. Over time, the apron became a ubiquitous type of clothing. It was a piece of fabric, the middle part of which, gathered into folds, was applied to the body in front, the rest was wrapped around the body and fastened with the free end tucked behind the middle part. The apron was held on with a belt. Its middle part had a trapezoidal, triangular or fan-shaped shape. This part of the clothing played a very important role in the ceremonial attire of rulers, as evidenced by numerous monuments. The apron was also part of the clothing of other ancient Eastern peoples. For example, it was widespread in Western Asia. From the East, the apron “migrated” to Europe. In Crete and Mycenae during the Bronze Age (XIX-XVIII centuries BC), men wore a wide leather belt with which an apron was fastened around their hips. It was worn in such a way that it fell at an angle in front, and its vertical edge ran diagonally from the hip to the knee of the other leg. The fabric of the apron was decorated with a woven colored pattern. It is also known that in Ancient Greece, men first also wore an apron tied around their hips, and on top of it they put a hlen (a large woolen scarf). Later, the apron began to be tied over the tunic. The apron was also a characteristic feature of men's clothing among the Etruscans. In appearance it resembled the Cretan one, but it was worn over a blouse with sleeves. And among the Romans, the apron is known only as part of the clothing of priests, soldiers of some auxiliary types of troops and gladiators. Since the Middle Ages, the apron has become an almost permanent part of work clothes. Casual dress should be covered with something while working. The apron was worn by blacksmiths, shoemakers, and cooks. Guild masters considered the apron an integral part of their professional clothing. Over time, a woman's apron became an accessory to a married woman's toilet. In the 16th century two aprons made up the skirt. He also decorated the wives of famous townspeople. In Germany, the wives of burghers wore aprons (white or colored), sometimes even double (front and back). The apron periodically comes into fashion among the upper classes. French women during the reign Louis XIV() at home and on walks they tied a small apron with rich trim around the edge. Sometimes - 5 -
6 True, wanting to pay tribute to fashion, women did not think at all about how comical it looked. Following the example of the city nobility, peasant girls began to embroider and decorate their aprons in every possible way. Cunning European fashion has invented several types of aprons for different occasions. So, for example, a self-respecting European woman, when she went to the table, was obliged to cover her dress with a large napkin. This is how the special table apron appeared (from the French word for “table”). Another type of apron with a similar name is tablion, but completely different in purpose. This is an apron for special occasions, sewn to the cloak at the front and back. It was borrowed from ceremonial Byzantine clothing and was made from patterned silk brocade for the emperor, and from smooth, plain material for the courtiers, but then it became accustomed to its new role as a fashion accessory. Over time, the apron became part of the festive folk costume. In some areas of Germany, a wide apron was worn only on special occasions. In Moldova, a distinctive feature of folk clothing was two aprons, covering the body in front and back, not meeting at the sides, with a rich color pattern. The traditional Russian apron was made from homespun checkered fabric, with trim around the edges and red ties. In the North, the apron was embroidered and could have sleeves. An interesting apron from the late 19th century. from the city of Kargopol, Olonets province. The intricate patterns embroidered on it are nothing more than ancient agricultural calendars. Six petals and six sprouts of the circle indicate 12 months, and the symbols on the outside are the most important milestones of the annual circle of field work. Similar monthly words were also embroidered on the hems of shirts and towels. You can understand how these things were valued, carefully passing them on from generation to generation. It is characteristic that in some regions of Russia (for example, in Transbaikalia), the traditional apron was preserved as part of the festive attire until the middle of the last century. During the First World War, the apron proved to be an absolutely necessary piece of clothing. Many women had to do men's work: they became road workers, mechanics, etc. At this time, the “maids’ clothing” apron turns into women’s work clothing. Perhaps, it was from this time that it ceased to exist as a purely decorative element and became an accessory of household clothing for work at home, as well as industrial clothing. However, these days, the apron is gradually beginning to lose this function. To protect against harmful production factors, new special clothing is being developed - dressing gowns and overalls. The apron also disappears from the wardrobe of housewives
7 From apron to apron The names of aprons have been noted in writing since the 17th century; more ancient evidence concerns only the word advanced. Most of the names arose on Russian soil. The meaning of “apron” is combined with the meanings of “veil, curtain”, “type of clothing; part of clothing”, “belt”. From the common Slavic verb zapinati “to close, to detain” the name zapon arose, which in the acts of the Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery since 1601 means a closed apron. Cufflinks were used in bakeries, fisheries, and forges. That is, these were men's working aprons. Fisherman's aprons were also called curtains: “It was ordered to send 7 veal skins to Sokolov for curtains for fishermen” noted in the expense books of Moscow orders for 1673. The curtain was later used in a number of folk dialects. Sometimes a leather work apron was called a curtain. Other names: bib, vanguard and apron. The word leader was first noted in Belozersk writing and, judging by historical data, it was a local word. But the word apron was used only once in the text of 1675. Moreover, when describing the foreign dress of actors in the first Russian theater: “15 pairs of German pink stockings, kindred colors, 10 pink aprons.” But already in the 18th century. the word apron is gaining great popularity and is crowding out the name cufflink. Since 1626, the bib and kitchen apron have been noted in writing. This meaning of the word is preserved in Arkhangelsk, Vologda, Novgorod and Smolensk dialects to this day. All other names of aprons are of foreign language origin. The apron has been mentioned in Russian texts since 1663, and in Polish it has been known since 1498. Through Polish this name came to us from the German language. Like all other names for aprons, apron meaning “veil” was occasionally used in Russian sources of the 16th century. The meaning of “apron” was originally noted in Western Russian texts. The word penetrates into Moscow in the 80s of the 17th century. and is initially used little. Probably, the apron differed from the Russian apron in its cut and was more often used in the clothing of foreigners. Since the 18th century the word apron is used everywhere, which indicates the spread of the item itself. In Belozersk, since ancient times, fishermen had special leather aprons, hamgla, hamla. The names are borrowed from Finnish. From the end of the 17th century. In Voronezh areas, the Polish origin designation of the apron, spare tire, was established. Spare wheels were also worn in Ukrainian and Belarusian villages. In clothing, aprons were of secondary importance, so historical information about them is sparse. Among Russians, the type of apron itself appears late: almost all the names known to us are recorded in writing from the 17th century
8 V. Bank of ideas and suggestions Model 1. Apron with a bib made of linen fabric, rectangular shape with soft folds from the top edge, with a patch pocket. Trim: frills, lace, applique. The model is recommended for receiving guests and serving to the table. Model2. The apron is made of cotton variegated fabric, consists of a bib, expanding towards the top, and the lower part of the apron of a complex shape, with gathers from the top cut and a patch pocket. The lower part of the apron and the bib are trimmed with braid, which emphasizes their original shape. Trim: lace, applique. The model is recommended for young housewives. Model3. Apron made of linen, plain fabric. It consists of a main part with patch pockets sewn onto it. Finishing: applique, braid. The model is recommended for practical exercises in technology lessons
9 Model4. Gift apron made of cotton fabric. Matryoshka silhouette, patch pockets at the bottom. Trim: frill, braid, applique. The model is recommended for housework. Model 5. Apron made of cotton fabric with a printed pattern, consisting of a bib and a lower part with rounded edges. The bib and the lower part of the apron are connected by a stitched belt - a tie, the straps are attached to the bib. Trim: lace. The model is recommended for receiving guests and serving to the table. Model selection. Of all the apron models reviewed, I chose model 5 because I liked this apron better. I liked it because it will be made of cotton fabric with a printed pattern, so after every wash it will look like new. The sections of the lower part of the apron and bib are processed with lace, which means that you can set a festive table in it and greet guests. To make an apron for this model you will need a minimum amount of fabric.
10 VI. Choice of fabric Aprons can be sewn from various fabrics: linen, silk, cotton. Linen fabrics have a smooth, shiny surface, are distinguished by great strength and low elongation. They easily absorb moisture and wash well. Their disadvantage is that they wrinkle quickly, but they also smooth out just as quickly. These fabrics feel hard to the touch. Silk fabrics are soft and smooth to the touch, have a pleasant shine, are hygroscopic and breathable, but they stretch greatly, crumble, and have significant shrinkage. It is very difficult to sew from such fabrics without skills and experience. According to historians and archaeologists, cotton fabrics were produced in distant India as early as the 11th century BC. During the campaign of Alexander the Great, the Greeks were delighted with the art of the Indians, who knew how to produce fabrics from “wool extracted from nuts” (as they called cotton). Until the end of the 13th century, only finished cotton products were imported into Europe. In 1772, the production of cotton fabric began in England. It had a unique texture and color. The name “chintz” came to us in such a way that it is difficult even to immediately understand its original source. The Bengali name for the variegated cotton fabric “cheets” was changed by the Dutch to “sits”, and in our country it began to be called chintz. Cotton fabrics have significant strength and hygroscopicity, quickly get wet and dry. They are comfortable to wear and hold up well to washing and ironing. To make the apron, I chose cotton fabric, as it has significant strength and hygroscopicity, gets wet and dries quickly, is comfortable to wear, washes and irons well
11 VII. Rules for modeling and color combinations Modeling is the process of changing a pattern drawing in accordance with the selected model. When selecting fabric and trim, you must remember the following rules:. If the apron is made from colorful fabric, the trim should be made one color, and it should match one of the colors of the fabric. The brighter and larger the pattern of the main fabric, the less finishing there should be. Fabrics of bright colors are best combined with less bright ones or white, black, gray. Pale, colorless fabrics can be brightened up with bright finishes.
12 VIII. Selection of equipment, tools and devices 1. Manual sewing machine. 2.Ironing board, iron, spray bottle. 3. Cotton threads 50 - for machine work, 60 - for hand work. 4.Hand needle 3, pins, thimble. 5. Centimeter tape, chalk. 6.Textbook, workbook. Additional materials: pattern paper, fashion magazines
13 IX. Manufacturing technology Design is the construction of a drawing of a product pattern. The initial data for constructing a drawing are measurements. Measurements are the basic dimensions of a person’s figure, obtained by measuring it. Measurements required to draw an apron drawing: St half waist circumference Sa half hip circumference Di product length Dn bib length Shn - bib width My measurements: C t = 30 cm; C b = 34 cm; D n = 18 cm; D nch = 36 cm. Construction of an apron pattern 1. Build ()B 2. VT = D n = 18 cm. 3. TT 1 = S b: =34:2+6=23 cm. 4. TN = D nch = 36 cm. 5. BB 1 = 7 cm; 6. TT 2 = 9 cm; 7. () Connect B 1 and T 2 with a straight line;
14 8. TK = 7 cm; 9. CC 1 = 7 cm; 10. from () To 1 to the left and down, set aside 14 cm; 11. connect to. Belt Straps 12. Build () P; 15.Build () B; 13. PP 1 = 5 cm; 16. BB 1 = 5cm; 14. PP 2 = C t + 25 =30+25=55 cm. 17. BB 2 = 50 cm connect in connect in
15 X. Technological map Description of operations Graphic image Preparing fabric for cutting Equipment, tools, material Fabric, iron 2. Laying out patterns on fabric and cutting Fabric, patterns, chalk, 3. Preparing cut details for processing Cutting details, threads, needle, 4 Processing the bottom and side cuts with a hem seam with an open cut: - Process the apron sections on the overlog - Fold the apron sections 1 cm and sweep. Cutting details, threads, needle, Cutting details, threads, sewing machine,
16 - Place a stitch at a distance of 0.2 cm from the cut. - Stitch the lace 5. Processing the straps with an overcast seam: - Fold the strap piece in half, “face to face”, Baste the strap along a longitudinal and one transverse section at a distance of 0.9 cm from the cut. - Stitch 1cm from the edges. Remove basting threads. - Cut off the seam allowance in the corner diagonally, set it to 0.3 cm. - Turn the strap right side out, sweep out the facing seam. Iron. -Remove basting threads. Press the seams. Cutting details, threads, needle, sewing machine, lace, Cutting details, threads, needle, Cutting details, threads, sewing machine, Straps, Straps, peg, needle, iron Cutting details, threads, needle, sewing machine, iron
17 6. Processing the bib: - Fold the two parts of the bib “face to face”, Sweep the side cuts along the marked lines. - Place the processed straps between the parts of the bib, sweep the upper cut of the bib along the marked lines. Cutting details, threads, needle, Cutting details, threads, needle, - Stitch the bib along the marked lines. Trim the seam allowances at the corners by 0.3 cm. Remove the basting threads. - Turn the bib with straps right side out using a peg, sweep the bib on three sides. - Baste and topstitch the lace - Iron the bib, Remove the basting threads. Cutting details, threads, sewing machine Bib, lace, sewing machine, threads, needle, Bib, iron
18 7. Processing the belt - Baste and stitch two parts of the belt. Remove basting threads. Press seam allowances. - Fold the belt piece in half “face to face”. Sweep the ends of the belt to the control points, the distance between which is equal to the measure of Art. - Sew the ends of the belt. Remove basting threads. Trim the seam allowances in the corners at a distance of 0.2 cm from the stitching. - Turn the ends of the belt inside out and sweep 0.2 from the seam. Iron the belt. 8. Connecting the belt and bib with the lower part of the apron - Sweep two folds symmetrically on the upper cut of the lower part of the apron. Iron the folds to the line of the middle of the bottom part. - Baste the bib to the bottom of the apron by folding them with the wrong sides together, combining the middles Cutting details, threads, needle, sewing machine, iron Belt, threads, needle, Belt, sewing machine, Belt, threads, needle, peg, iron Bottom part, threads , needle, lower part, bib, thread, needle,
19 parts and equalizing cuts. - Baste the belt to the front side of the bottom of the apron, matching the middles of the parts. Sew from the waistband side. Remove basting threads. - Fold the waistband and seam allowances upward. Fold the second section of the belt inward and sweep it, closing the stitching seam by 0.2 cm. - Stitch the belt from the front side. Remove basting threads and iron the waistband. - Fold the bib up and baste it to the upper edge of the belt. Stitch from the front side to 0.1-0.2 cm. Remove temporary stitches. Iron. Bottom, bib, belt, threads, needle, sewing machine, Apron, threads, needle, Apron, threads, sewing machine, iron Apron, threads, needle, sewing machine, iron
20 9.Final processing of the apron - Perform wet-heat treatment of the product. Apron, iron
21 November Labor protection Safety rules when performing manual work. 1. Dangers at work: Damage to fingers from a needle or pin; hand injury from scissors; eye injury. 2. What needs to be done before starting work: Count the number of needles and pins in the needle bed; Place tools and equipment in the designated place. 3. What to do while working: Be attentive to work; put a thimble on your middle finger right hand so as not to prick him; stick needles and pins only into the needle bed; place on the right with blades closed, pointing away from you; pass only with closed blades and rings forward. 4. What needs to be done after finishing the work: Count the number of needles and pins in the needle bar. There should be as many of them as there were at the beginning of the work; put away workplace. Safety rules when performing machine work. 1. Dangers at work: Damage to fingers from needle; hair or clothing ends getting caught in the rotating parts of the sewing machine; defeat electric shock. 2. What to do before starting work: Fasten the sleeve cuffs; check the serviceability of the machine; Before connecting the parts, check to see if there is a hand needle or pin left in them. 3. What to do during operation: Install the bobbin case and thread the upper thread with the machine turned off; do not place other tools near rotating parts of the machine; Do not transfer the product or parts while the machine is turned on. 4. What to do after finishing work: Turn off the machine; clean the workplace. Safety rules when performing wet-heat treatment of fabric. before starting work: 1. check the serviceability of the cord and plug, set the thermostat to the desired level; during operation: 1. turn the iron on and off with dry hands, holding the fork by the body; 2. place the iron on the stand, making sure that the cord does not touch the sole of the iron; 3. do not leave the iron turned on unattended;
22 after work: 1. place the iron to the side on the stand and turn it off. Safety rules when working with a computer. During operation, the monitor (display) beam tube operates under high voltage. It is strictly prohibited: 2. Touching the connectors of the connecting cables; 3. Touch power wires and grounding devices; 4. Touch the screen and the back of the monitor, keyboard; 5. Put foreign objects on the keyboard and monitor; 6. Work in a damp environment and with wet hands; 7. Wipe the computer with a damp cloth. Before starting work: 1. Make sure there is no visible damage to the workplace; 2. Sit so that your line of sight is in the center of the screen; 3. To use the keyboard without bending over and perceive the information transmitted on the monitor screen; 4. Maintain a distance from the monitor to your eyes (60-70 cm); 5. Maintain a correct posture without slouching or leaning
23 XII. Economic and environmental assessment Calculation of the cost of an apron Name of materials used Material consumption for the product price per unit (rub.) Cost of materials (rub.) 1. Cotton fabric 1 m Threads 1 spool Lace 5 m Total: 73.50 The cost of my product turned out to be small - 73 rubles 50 kopecks, since I sewed the apron myself, and the money spent was only on materials. Sewing an apron is an almost waste-free production, because from leftover fabric I can sew a napkin using the patchwork technique. Sewing an apron with your own hands is a profitable production! From an environmental point of view, the manufacturing process and operation of my product will not entail changes in the environment or disruptions in human life, since my apron is made from environmentally friendly materials, and I will not throw away the remaining fabric, but will sew a small napkin. The process of sewing an apron is an environmentally friendly production!
24 XIII. Conclusion It was not difficult for me to complete the project work - sewing an apron and writing a project, since the knowledge that I received while sewing an apron in class, the recommendations of the technology teacher and additional literature on this problem helped me with this. General view of the apron: an apron with a bib, the lower part with rounded corners. The edges of the lower part of the apron and bib are trimmed with lace. I liked the made apron. I believe that all the seams are done correctly and neatly. In the process of completing the project work, I completed the tasks set for myself: I studied what an apron is; I found out when aprons appeared and what they were like before; researched fabrics for sewing an apron; described the process of making an apron, drawing up a technological map in which I compiled a more convenient sequence for making the product; I sewed a neat and comfortable apron for receiving guests and cooking. Now I also have an apron, and I will be able to help my mother in the kitchen, because I am a future housewife! I liked sewing an apron because it is a very interesting activity. In the future, I really want to sew a more complex item, but for this I will need to acquire the necessary skills and knowledge, which I will acquire at school during technology lessons. I believe that my project will help many girls learn how to sew aprons too
25 XIV. Advertising brochure "Cinderella" - an atelier for sewing beautiful, comfortable and inexpensive aprons for receiving guests, culinary and other work. In our studio you can order any model. You will be pleasantly surprised by the excellent quality of tailoring and high level of service. You will always recognize our products by our trademark. The table shows the calculation of the cost of the apron. XV. Literature 1 Illustrated explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. / V.I.Dal. M.: Eksmo, p.: ill. 2 Makhmutova H.I. We design, model, sew. Book for students. M.: Education, Technology: textbook for 5th grade students. comprehensive school./ Ed. V.D. Simonenko.- M.: “Ventana-Graf”, 1998 - 256 p. 4. Chernyakova V.N. Fabric processing technology: Textbook. for 5th grade. general education institutions. - M.: Education, 1997 - 160 p. Postal address of the author of the project: Tomsk region, Chainsky district, village of Kolominskie Grives, Lenin street,
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Municipal educational institution "Akbulakskaya secondary school No. 1"
PROJECT
MANUFACTURING GARMENT “APRON”
Performed:
Zhuravleva Tatyana
student of 5 "A" class,
Akbulak secondary school No. 1
Supervisor:
Zhuravleva
Marina Anatolyevna,
technology teacher,
Akbulak secondary school No. 1
Akbulak
Introduction……………………………………………………...……….………….3
Main part……………………………………………………....…………....4
1 Study of the problem…………………………………………………………….….4
2 Bank of ideas and proposals……………………………………………………………....……6
3 Technological part…………………………………………………….…8
a) Drawing………………………………………………………………...8
b) Technological map……………………………………………..…...9
4 Economic and environmental assessment…….………………………….15
Conclusion......………………………………………………………………………………….16
Literature..………………………………………………………………………………..17
Introduction
In every house there is a room in which the whole family gathers every day - this is the kitchen. People spend a long time in the kitchen preparing food. When they cook food, they can get their clothes dirty. To keep your clothes clean, you need an apron. That's why it is in every home. My mother and grandmother have an apron, but I don’t have one yet, so I decided to sew it myself. I want to sew an apron correctly and accurately, and in the future I want to learn how to sew other clothes.
In the process of carrying out project work, I set myself the following tasks:
Learn what an apron is;
Find out when the first aprons appeared, what they were like before;
Research fabrics for sewing an apron;
Describe the process of making an apron;
Sew a neat apron.
Main part
1 Study of the problem
An apron is a widespread and almost unchanged part of clothing from ancient times to the present day.
Its history begins with Ancient Egypt. Already in the early period of the existence of this country, men in public service used primitive drapery, attached in front to a belt, which was a narrow strip of leather or knitted (woven) reed stalks.
Over time, the apron has become a ubiquitous type of clothing. It was a piece of fabric, the middle part of which, gathered into folds, was applied to the body in front, the rest was wrapped around the body and fastened with the free end tucked behind the middle part. The apron was held on with a belt. Its middle part had a trapezoidal, triangular or fan-shaped shape.
Since the Middle Ages, the apron has become an almost permanent part of work clothes. The apron was worn by blacksmiths, shoemakers, cooks... Guild masters considered the apron an integral part of their professional clothing.
Over time, a woman's apron became an accessory to a married woman's toilet. In the 16th century, two aprons made up a skirt. In the 17th century, the apron certainly adorned the wives of eminent citizens. In Germany, the wives of burghers wore aprons (white or colored), sometimes even double (front and back).
The apron periodically came into fashion among the upper classes.
French women at home and on walks during the reign of Louis XIV () wore a small apron with rich trim around the edge.
It turns out that in the 18th century in Russia an apron was called an apron or a curtain, and only women wore it. The traditional Russian apron was made from homespun checkered fabric, with trim around the edges and red ties.
in his explanatory dictionary of the Russian language he gives the following definition of an apron: “An apron is an apron, a cufflink.”
Nowadays, both women and men wear aprons. The apron may have been the first piece of clothing worn specifically for work. It is used by people of various professions not only to avoid getting dirty; they carried tools, harvest fruits and other necessary things in it.
During the First World War, the apron turned out to be an absolutely necessary part of clothing. Many women had to do men's work: they became road workers, mechanics, etc. Thus, from “maid clothes” the apron turns into work clothes.
Perhaps, it was from this time that it ceased to exist as a purely decorative element and became an accessory of household clothing for work at home, also being industrial clothing.
Aprons can be sewn from various fabrics: linen, silk, cotton.
Linen fabrics They have a smooth, shiny surface, are distinguished by great strength and low elongation. They easily absorb moisture and wash well. Their disadvantage is that they wrinkle quickly, but they also smooth out just as quickly. These fabrics feel hard to the touch.
Silk fabrics they are soft and smooth to the touch, have a pleasant shine, are hygroscopic and breathable, but they stretch greatly, crumble, and have significant shrinkage. It is very difficult to sew from such fabrics without skills and experience.
According to historians and archaeologists, fabrics from cotton were produced in distant India back in the 11th century BC.
During the campaign of Alexander the Great, the Greeks were delighted with the art of the Indians, who knew how to produce fabrics from “wool extracted from nuts”
(that's what they called cotton). Until the end of the 13th century, only finished cotton products were imported into Europe. In 1772, the production of cotton fabric began in England. It had a unique texture and color.
Name " chintz“came to us in such a way that it is difficult even to immediately understand its original source. The Bengali name for the variegated cotton fabric “cheets” was changed by the Dutch to “sits”, and in our country it began to be called chintz.
Cotton fabrics have significant strength and hygroscopicity, quickly get wet and dry. They are comfortable to wear and hold up well to washing and ironing.
2 Bank of ideas and suggestions
Model No. 1. Apron made of linen, plain fabric. It consists of a main part with patch pockets sewn onto it.
Akbulak secondary school No. 1,
tel. official 224-61
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Justification of the problem and need that has arisen. I like to cook with my grandmother, sweep the floor, wash the dishes, wipe the dust, and that’s why I sometimes stain my clothes, so as not to get dirty, I made an apron.
Definition of a specific task and its formulation I want to make an apron in order to: 1. Prepare food and not get dirty while cooking. 2. Fits into the interior of the kitchen. 3. Was to my taste.
Identification of main parameters and limitations. Must be: 1. Neat; 2. Original; 3. Handsome; 4. High quality made; 5. Convenient; 6. Practical.
Research, identification of traditions, history, trends. It is believed that the first aprons appeared among the men of Ancient Egypt who were in the service, as well as among the pharaohs, in order to emphasize their status. The apron looked like a drapery of fabric attached to a leather belt. Later, the apron was made wider so that it could be wrapped around the body and secured at the front. The front of this false skirt could be trapezoidal, fan-shaped or triangular. The ancient Greeks also wore an apron, fastening it over the lower part of the blouse - the chiton. Among the Cretan inhabitants, the apron was worn at an angle, covering the thigh of one leg to the knee, and was decorated with embroidered patterns. In Ancient Rome, aprons were worn by warriors, gladiators and priests. In the Middle Ages, the apron began to spread throughout Europe. Worn as a uniform, it became an integral part of the clothing of blacksmiths, shoemakers, guild masters, cooks and various kinds of artisans.
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Analysis of ideas and selection optimal option. I like all my apron ideas, but after looking through them again, I liked this apron option the most:
Selection of fabric, tools, fixtures, equipment. Fabric: 1. Chintz Equipment: 1. Needles 2. Threads 3. measuring tape (centimeter) 4. Ruler 5. Scissors 6. Wallpaper or Whatman paper (for pattern) Equipment: 1. Sewing machine.
Sequence of product manufacturing. 1. 2. Make straight stitches along the lines of the middle of the bib, the bottom of the apron, belt, and pockets. Place straight copy stitches at the pocket locations. Finish the side edges of the bib with a closed hem stitch. 2. Place the finished straps on the wrong side of the bib (with seams towards the middle), pin and baste to the wrong side of the bib. Place the facing over the straps, right side down. Align the top edges of the bib and facing. Sweep the side sections of the facing onto the wrong side and iron, baste and stitch the facing with a seam width of 0.7 cm. Fold the facing over to the front side of the bib and sweep out the seam. Fold the bottom edge of the facing by 0.5 - 0.7 cm to the wrong side. Insert the lace under the bottom edge of the facing. Baste and stitch 0.2 - 0.3 cm from the folded edge of the facing. Hem the ends of the facing and lace with small oblique stitches. Processing the bottom of the apron Processing the side sections using a hem seam with a closed cut: fold the side sections of the bottom of the apron by 0.5 cm, and then by 1 cm and sweep. Sew the sides of the apron 0.1 -0.2 cm from the folded edge. Remove running stitches. Iron the sides of the apron.
Finishing the bottom edge with a hem seam. Iron. free cut of the belt towards the front side of the lower part of the apron, iron the stitching seam towards the bib. Bend the free edge of the belt 1 cm inward, baste and stitch the belt 1–2 mm from the folded edge. Remove running stitches and perform WTO (wet heat treatment). Fold the seam allowance of the top edge of the pocket to the right side. Baste along the line of the top edge of the pocket, insert lace, baste. Stitch the top pocket seam allowance along the sides. Turn the hem to the wrong side, straighten the corners, and iron. Place a stitch along the rounded corners of the pocket for tightening, stepping back slightly inward from the intended line. Baste the seam allowances to the wrong side and iron. Connecting the pockets to the bottom of the apron with a patch stitch Place and pin the pockets, aligning the sides with the copy stitches. Baste and stitch pockets. Make fastenings on the upper corners. Connecting the belt, bib with the lower part of the apron Fold the bib with the lower part with the wrong sides inward, aligning the middles of the parts, and, aligning the cuts, pin.
Place the belt on the bib with the front side facing the front side of the bib, aligning and aligning the sections of the parts, baste and stitch. Bend the free cut of the belt towards the front side of the lower part of the apron, iron the stitching seam towards the bib. Bend the free edge of the belt 1 cm inward, baste and stitch the belt 1–2 mm from the folded edge. Remove running stitches and perform WTO (wet heat treatment). Finish the ends of the belt with a backstitch. Sweep out the belt.
Economic justification. Name Price Fabric 42 rubles Threads 62 rubles 98 kopecks Needle 71 rubles 3 kopecks Braid 105 rubles TOTAL: 181 rubles 1 kopecks
Quality control. 1. Combination of materials with colors. 2. The element is made smoothly and accurately, in accordance with technology. 3. In general, the product makes a favorable impression.
Correction. It seems to me that I could make the seams smoother and a little neater. As for the fabric, it is slightly cut in not evenly. Basically, I no longer see what needs to be adjusted.
Control, testing. The apron I sewed was tested, it did the job and prevented my main problem in the kitchen. Didn't give me an apron
Manufacturing of the product. The teacher taught me how to sew an apron. I sewed it under the guidance of a teacher and with diligence in making it correctly. It was not difficult for me to complete the project work - sew an apron and write a project, since the knowledge that I received while sewing an apron in class helped me with this
Self-esteem. I think that I sewed the apron with an A, for the quality and correctness of the product itself.
Creative project. Apron. Students of MBOU Secondary School No. 14 With. Krivenkovskoe Muratova Victoria Technology teacher: Madikova T.V. 2015
Objective of the project
- Design and make an apron for yourself for working in the kitchen.
tasks:
- Assess your capabilities in the field of project activities;
- Develop and implement the project;
- Make an apron;
- Evaluate the work done.
- Protect the project.
1. Justification of the problem and needs that have arisen.
For working in the kitchen and helping mom at home, so as not to get dirty
We sewed an apron during technology lessons.
Modeling and design of an apron
I cut the apron taking into account the front and back sides of the fabric, the direction of the grain thread, seam allowances and the economical arrangement of the cutting details on the fabric.
Preparing cut details for basting.
1. Place copy stitches along the side and hem lines of the apron bottom.
2. Transfer the pocket location to the other side of the apron bottom piece using copy stitches.
3. Remove the pins. Move the parts apart so that the threads of the stitches are stretched, cut them in the middle between the two sections of the parts.
4. Mark the middle of the bottom of the apron on the wrong side of the piece with a chalk line.
5. Continue with straight running stitches the line of the middle part of the lower part of the apron. Stitch length is 1.5-2.0 cm.
6. Place copy stitches along the side line, hem line of the bottom of the pocket and along the fold line of the top allowance.
7. Pull the pocket piece apart so that the stitch threads are stretched, and cut them in the middle between the two sections of the piece.
8. On the wrong side of the pocket, mark a line around the middle of the pocket with chalk and place straight running stitches along it. Stitch length 1.0-1.5 cm.
Processing a patch pocket.
1. Fold the allowance for finishing the top edge of the pocket along the marked line to the front side.
2. Fold the inside edge of the seam allowance 1 cm and press.
3. Baste and stitch the corners of the pocket to the amount of allowance on the sides of the pocket.
4. Remove the basting stitch threads, turn the processed seam allowance of the top edge of the pocket to the wrong side, and straighten the corners of the pocket with a peg.
5. Baste and stitch the folded edge of the pocket at a distance of 0.2 cm from the edge.
6. Remove the basting stitch threads and iron the top edge of the pocket.
7. Sweep the side and bottom cuts along the marked lines.
8. Iron the pocket from the wrong side.
Connection between pocket and apron.
1. Place the processed pocket on the bottom of the apron along the laid copy lines, aligning the line of the middle of the apron with the line of the middle of the pocket. Pin the pocket.
2. Baste the pocket and remove the pins.
3. Sew a pocket on the bottom of the apron with a finishing stitch at a distance of 0.2 cm from the edge. At the beginning and at the end, use machine tacks with a finishing stitch.
4. Remove the basting thread and iron the pocket.
Processing the bottom and side edges of the apron with a closed hem seam.
1. Fold the bottom edge of the apron to the wrong side by 0.5 cm and sweep it. Fold the bottom edge of the apron a second time along the unmarked hem line of the bottom and baste.
2. Apply a machine finishing stitch 0.2 cm from the folded edge. Remove the note stitch threads. Iron.
3. Trim off the protruding seam allowances at the corners.
4. Fold the side sections of the apron a second time along the intended line and sweep, carefully tucking in the seam allowances in the corners.
5. Continue machine stitching 0.2 cm from the folded edges of the bottom of the apron. Remove the note stitch threads. Iron.
Product manufacturing sequence
Costs for making an apron:
Calico fabric meter -100 rub.
Sewing machine needles-20r.
Braid meter - 50 rub.
Floss - 15 rub.
Total: 185 rubles.
The cost of the apron for culinary work was 185 rubles.
The cost of the product does not include the cost of tailoring, since the apron
was made by me myself.
Therefore, the design work is economically feasible
and brings savings to the family budget .
Self-esteem (total)
I learned how to sew an apron during craft classes, and made a creative project at home.
I think I can give myself a high five based on the quality of the backsplash and the scope of the creative project.
Self-esteem: 5.
Used Books:
- Technology. Service work. 5 grades O.A. Kozhina and others.
- Fashion magazines
Project topic: MAKING AN APRON
Goals and objectives: make an apron for culinary work c. a gift to mother (grandmother, sister, friend) or for sale, as well as for the purpose of consolidating the acquired knowledge, skills and abilities in its implementation; improve skills and techniques for working with fabric, with a sewing machine, deepen knowledge of materials processing technology, in the section “materials science”; prepare students for independent living, economical, reasonable housekeeping; prepare students for professional self-determination, taking into account their abilities and interests; develop creative initiative, a creative approach to work, and instill in students elements of entrepreneurship.
1. Materials science.
2. Mechanical engineering
3.Artistic processing fabrics.
4. Design.
5. Modeling.
6. Technological sequence of processing.
7. Economics, entrepreneurship.
Sections of programs required to complete the project.
Materials Science.
Mechanical Engineering.
Artistic processing of fabric.
Construction.
Modeling.
Technological sequence of product processing.
Organization of project implementation.
1. Justification of the problem and need.
2. Model selection,
3. Choice of fabric.
4. Selection of equipment.
5. Product design and modeling.
6. Open the products.
7. Technological sequence of product manufacturing.
8. Product cost.
9. Assessing the quality and complexity of the project.
10. Project protection.
Main problems of project implementation
IN model selection
For this project we chose a culinary apronx works.
Model No. 1
Description of the model's appearance . The apron is cut at the waistline, with a bib and patch pockets.The lower part of the apron and the pockets are oval. The upper section of the bib, the lower and side sections of the apron are trimmed with lace. On the bib and pockets– embroidery.
Fabric consumption. The apron is made of 1 m of white cotton fabric. To finish the apron, 2.5 m of lace was required.
Model № 2
Set for culinary work, consisting of an apron, towel and oven mitt. The apron is cut at the waistline, with a bib and patch pockets. The lower part of the apron, the lower sections of the pockets are made at an angle, and the shaped belt. Bib, belt, pockets,the lower part of the apron, towel, potholder are trimmed with embroidery.
The apron can be made of light cotton, linen, or waffle fabric. The towel and potholder can be made of linen and waffle (or terry fabric if the finishing is appliqué). Instead of embroidery, you can make applique by cutting out a ready-made floral design from fabric with a printed pattern.
Model №3
Set for culinary work, consisting of an apron, towel and oven mitt. The apron is cut at the waist line. Oval shaped bib and pockets. The lower cut of the apron is made at an angle. The bib, pockets, side and bottom sections of the lower part of the apron are trimmed with lace and “hearts” appliqué. On the bib there is an appliqué depicting air balloons in the shape of hearts, at the intersection of the threads extending from the balls, a narrow satin ribbon is sewn, tied in a bow. There is also a “Hearts” applique on the towel and potholder. The color range of applications is different. The applique can be made from plain-dyed fabric and fabric with fine printingpattern (small peas, small check).
Model No. 4
Model Zhe 4.
Set for culinary work, consisting of an apron, towel and oven mitt. Bib, bottom of apron, pocket– oval shape. The wide oval pocket consists of two compartments. The bib, pocket, and lower part of the apron are trimmed with lace. There is embroidery on the bib, pocket, towel, pot holder (instead of embroidery, you can make an applique by cutting : ready-made fabric design with a printed pattern).
Model No. 5 (a, b).
Apron for culinary work, cut at the waist. The lower part of the apron is rectangular in shape. The upper section of the bib and the lower section of the lower part of the apron are trimmed with facing fabric and lace. The straps are also trimmed with lace. On the lower part of the apron there is an appliqué of a teapot and a cup. Model 5a is trimmed with polka dot fabric. Model 56 can be finished in any color fabric, and the teapot and cup can be appliquéd with flowers cut from printed fabric.
Model No. 6.
Kit forculinary work, consisting of an apron, towel and oven mitt. The lower part of the apron is rectangular in shape. The upper section of the bib and the lower section of the lower part of the apron are trimmed with a facing made of the same fabric from which the “Cherry” applique is made - on the bib, along the bottom of the lower part of the apron, on the towel and on the potholder. The applique can be made from fabric of any color
Choice of fabric.
For this project model, we chose white cotton fabric because it is durable, light, soft, and has good hygienic properties: it easily absorbs moisture, dries quickly, has good air permeability, and is easy to wash and iron. Cotton fabric is made from cotton fiber - an environmentally friendly product.
A set for culinary work can be made of linen, waffle fabric, pique (two-color fabric with a relief pattern reminiscent of machine stitching), poplin (fabric of rep weave, which is formed by very thin warp threads and thinner weft threads), twill (coarse cotton fabric) and satin.
Selection of equipment, tools, accessories.
Fabric selectionFor this project model, white cotton fabric was chosen because it is durable, light, soft, and has good hygienic properties: it easily absorbs moisture, dries quickly, has good air permeability, and is easy to wash and iron. Cotton fabric is made from cotton fiber - an environmentally friendly product.
A set for culinary work can be made of linen, waffle fabric, pique (two-color fabric with a relief pattern reminiscent of machine stitching), poplin (fabric of rep weave, which is formed by very thin warp threads and thinner weft threads), twill (coarse cotton fabric) and satin
Selection of equipment, tools, accessories
1. Sewing machine "Seagull".
2. Overlock 51-A class.
3. Iron with steam humidifier, ironing board, ironing iron.
4. Cotton threads No. 40 - for machine work; No. 50, No. 60 - for manual work for temporary purposes; No. 45 cotton with lavsan - for sewing appliqués.
5. Hand needle No. 3, machine needle No. 90, pins, scissors, thimble.
6. Ruler, measuring tape.
Supporting materials: paper for patterns and applications, album with drawings, fashion magazines.
Open the apron.
Cut the apron taking into account the direction of the grain thread, the front side, seam allowances, and the economical arrangement of cutting details on the fabric.
Construction of an apron drawing.
Note: Modeling an apron can be found in the textbook on technology for grade 5.
Technological sequence for processing the apron.
Preparing cut parts for processing.
1. Make straight stitches along the lines of the middle of the bib, the bottom of the apron, belt, pockets,
2. Place straight copy stitches at the pocket locations.
Performing embroidery on the bib.
1. The cup and spoon can be sewn with a chain stitch.
2. Flower petals and leaves can be embroidered using a “stitched loop” stitch.
3. The core of the flower can be decorated with beads or small beads (sewn on) or with a double-sided satin stitch.
4. The embroidery can be positioned so that its middle (or axis of symmetry) coincides with the middle of the bib.
Embroidery on pockets.
1. The flowers in the embroidery design can be sewn using a buttonhole stitch.
2. Sew a bead into the core of the flower, or perform a double-sided satin stitch.
3. Sew the branches of the Christmas tree using a “broken herringbone” stitch.
4. Fill the balls with double-sided satin stitch.
5. The embroidery on the pocket must be positioned so that the axis of symmetry of the embroidery pattern coincides with the middle of the pocket.
Construction of an apron drawing.
Note: Modeling an apron can be found in the technology textbook for grade 5.
Processing the bib.
1. Finish the side edges of the bib with a closed hem stitch.
2. Place the finished straps on the wrong sidesidebib (with seams towards the middle), pin and baste to the wrong side of the bib. Place the facing over the straps, right side down. Align the top edges of the bib and facing. Sweep the side sections of the facing onto the wrong side and iron, baste and stitch the facing with a seam width of 0.7 cm.
3. Fold the facing over to the front side of the bib and sweep the seam.
4. Fold the bottom edge of the facing by 0.5-0.7 cm to the wrong side.
5. Insert lace under the bottom edge of the facing. Baste and stitch 0.2-0.3 cm from the folded edge of the facing.
6. Hem the ends of the facing and lace with small oblique stitches.
Processing the bottom of the apron. Preparing the lace.
1 Loosen the upper thread tension, set the maximum stitch length to 0.4 cm.
2. On the front side of the lace, at a distance of 0.3-0.5 cm from the cut (edge) of the lace, lay two parallel lines.
3. Pull the lower thread, evenly distributing the gathers.
Compound lace with a stitched seam at the bottom of the apron.
1. Place the lace right side to the front side of the apron, aligning the cuts, and baste the lace to the apron.
2. Sew on the lace.
3. Overcast the stitching seam, bend it towards the apron and secure it in this position with running stitches.
4. Adjust the seam allowances to the apron along the front side at OD - 0.2 cm from the fold.
Pocket processing.
1. Turn the seam allowance of the top edge of the pocket to the right side. Baste along the top edge of the pocket
2. Stitch the top pocket allowance along the sides.
3. Turn the hem to the wrong side, straighten the corners, and iron.
4. Place a stitch along the rounded corners of the pocket for tightening, stepping back slightly inward from the intended line.
5. Bring seam allowances to the wrong side and iron.
Connected There are pockets with the bottom of the apron with a patch seam.
1. Overlap and pin the pockets, aligning the sides with the copy stitches.
2. Baste and stitch pockets. Make fastenings on the upper corners.
Connection of the belt, bib with the lower part of the apron.
1. Place two parallel lines along the upper edge of the lower part of the apron to form gathers.
2. Pull the lower threads simultaneously, distributing the gathering evenly.
3. Fold the bib with the lower part with the wrong sides inward, aligning the middles of the parts, and, aligning the cuts, pin.
4. Place the belt on the bib with the front side facing the front side of the bib, aligning and leveling the sections of the parts, baste and stitch.
5. Finish the ends of the waistband with a backstitch.
6. Sweep the belt.
7. Bend the free cut of the belt towards the front side of the lower part of the apron, iron the stitching seam towards the bib.
8. Fold the free edge of the belt 1 cm inward, baste and stitch the belt 1-2 mm from the folded edge.
9. Remove running stitches and perform WTO.
Product cost
№
p/p
The cost of the apron for culinary work was 235 rubles. The cost of the product does not include the cost of tailoring, since the apron was made independently. Therefore, design work is economically feasible and brings savings to the family budget.
Quality control.
The apron produces a positive emotional effect, is made taking into account fashion and design trends, is reliable and easy to use. If you meet all the requirements for the quality of the finished product, you can get a competitive product if you want to start a business.
Project protection.
The student must determine the complexity of the completed project, identify its positive and negative aspects and indicate what can be changed in the technological sequence of its production in the event of repeating the product, name the mark that she deserves for completing this work.
