In the warm regions of our country, and not only ours, this type of building material such as reeds has been used for many years. In past centuries it was collected, dried and bound with rope. The result was something like a reed rug. These mats were then stacked on top of each other and secured. The finished product was a small, lightweight slab. Various structures were built from such slabs.
Type and production of factory reed slabs:
❑ In the century of modern technology, the production of reed slabs is automated. The manufacturing process takes less time and costs, which still makes this type of building material very popular.
❑ The product manufactured in production is a slab from two and a half to three meters long, with a width of half a meter to one and a half meters. The thickness of the slab varies from three to ten centimeters. A reed slab consists of compressed dry reeds intertwined with wire. Various special additives are also required to prevent rotting and increase strength. Many manufacturers additionally add a special impregnation that prevents the product from quickly igniting in the event of a fire.
Directions for use:
✔ This type of building material is mainly used for the construction of adjacent buildings. But in some regions it is still used for the construction of private houses.
✔ To erect a building, first a double frame is made from boards or beams, into the middle of which slabs are inserted. In this way, all the walls of the building are erected. Then the walls are plastered outside and inside. The stage of wall construction is completed by whitewashing or painting them.
✔ Very often, the roof of a building is made in a similar way. The only difference is the coating of the roof slabs with a material that prevents moisture from entering. Such as roofing felt or iron.
✔ Buildings made from reed slabs are erected quickly, which does not affect the quality in any way. In just a few days you can build a warm barn for animals or even a house.
Advantages of reed slabs:
As can be seen from the above, reed slabs are very convenient construction material for the construction of buildings in warm climates. Even if this material has some disadvantages, they become almost invisible against the background of all its advantages.
The use of reeds as a building material has been known since ancient times.
On the territory of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan there are ancient monuments where reeds were widely used as a building material. The peoples of Central Asia have long used reeds as an elastic anti-seismic gasket laid along the entire perimeter of the foundation of a building. In construction, these gaskets are called reed belts; they serve as a shock absorber and the base of the building to soften the effect of seismic shocks.
Reed has long been used as a building material in a number of European countries, such as Romania, Poland, etc.
In Russia, the production and use of reeds in construction dates back to the beginning of 1900. In 1908-1910. In Nizhny Novgorod, F. A. Gogin first created a manual press for the production of reed slabs. The organization of the production of reed and straw in Barybino near Moscow on machines of greater productivity dates back to the same time. In the North Caucasus, at the Primorsko-Akhtarskoye station, the production of reed slabs, used mainly as a thermal insulation material for railway cars, was organized on special machines. The first plant for the production of reed slabs was built in 1918 in Krasnodar. In total, 25 factories for the production of reed slabs were built in the North Caucasus.
In the early thirties, when widespread construction began throughout the country, the greatest use of reed as a building material was noted. In many regions of our country, enterprises, residential and cultural buildings, and various utility and auxiliary buildings were built. For example, a working village for the Embaneft oil field and more than 200 residential and administrative buildings were built using reeds in Kazakhstan. In Krasnodar, an entire campus village was built from one- and two-story buildings with a wooden frame and reed filling of the walls. In the city of Gorky, up to 100 buildings were built using reed: residential buildings, dormitories, a house for engineering and technical workers, etc. A large number of buildings using reed were built in the regions of Odessa, Astrakhan, Rostov, Krasnodar Territory and other regions of the country. According to incomplete information, in 1931-1932. In the USSR, up to 15 million m 2 of reeds were produced annually.
The second half of the thirties was characterized by a decline in construction using reeds. This was facilitated by an acute shortage of binding wire used in the production of reed slabs. Instead of wire, various substitutes began to be used, such as twine, bast, wicker, etc. This sharply deteriorated the quality of the slabs, which led to a decrease in the volume of their use in construction. In addition, no effective Constructive decisions, as a result of which the use of reeds sharply decreased in subsequent years.
In the post-war period, there was a new rise in the production and use of reed in construction, which was caused by the enormous need for building materials in connection with restoration and new construction in all areas of the national economy.
Currently, reed is widely used in construction in many regions of our country, especially in Central Asia, the Lower Volga region, the Kuban, Ukraine, the Rostov and Voronezh regions, the North Caucasus, and Western Siberia. The massive use of reeds in construction began in 1955.
The expediency of using reeds in construction is noted in the directives of the XX Congress of the CPSU and in the resolution of the CPSU Central Committee and the Council of Ministers of the USSR dated 31/VII 1957 “On the development of housing construction in the USSR.” When visiting Astrakhan in July 1960, N.S. Khrushchev again drew attention to the need for wider use of reeds both in construction and in other areas of the national economy.
As practice has shown, reed meets construction requirements and can be used as a full-fledged, cheap building material.
In Kazakhstan during 1955-1957. 10 thousand residential buildings, about 250 cultural and household buildings, 650 production facilities and more than 5 thousand livestock buildings were built using reed (in addition to collective farm and individual construction).
During the same period, 35 thousand objects were built on collective and state farms in Kazakhstan using reed stone, including 26.7 thousand residential buildings with a total area of up to 1 million m 2; about 6.2 thousand livestock farms, cultural and amenity premises.
In 1957, several large residential settlements were built in Ukraine in Cherkassy, Poltava, Kremenchug, Lubki, Novogeorgievsk, Kherson, Odessa and other cities.
In 1958, the volume of housing construction using reed stone increased sharply. For example, in the Odessa region, several thousand residential buildings were built: in Belyaevsky 7,500, in Starokazatsky 7,500, in the Andreevo-Ivanovsky district about 3,000, etc.
In the Uzbek Republic in 1957 alone, over 1,000 residential buildings were built.
Construction from reeds is carried out not only in the southern regions, but also in the northwestern part of the Soviet Union.
Reed is widely used in Lithuania for covering the roofs of residential buildings, livestock farms and other agriculturally valuable buildings, and more recently for the construction of residential buildings.
As you can see, reed is widely used as a building material in many regions of the European part of the USSR and Siberia.
At first, fascines were a common type of reed products used in construction. For the most part, fascines are made by hand by tying reed stems with wire into large bundles approximately 4 to 10 m long and 20 to 30 cm in diameter.
Fachines can be made straight, curved, round and flat. Making fascines does not require sophisticated equipment. Between two pairs of stakes, reed stems are laid in an even layer and, using a simple device, tied at intervals of 25-30 cm with iron wire. The strength of the fascine depends on the degree to which it is tightened with wire.
In the Kherson region, the production of structural elements is organized using the type of fascines - reed beams 140 mm thick, 400 mm wide and length equal to the height of the walls, which are manufactured in a specially designed mold.
The mold consists of three parts: the lower frame, side shields and pressing bars. The lower frame is made of wooden beams with a section of 250X250 mm. The frame is laid on a horizontal platform, and side panels made of wooden blocks with a cross section of 50 X 50 mm are attached to it on top. The shields are installed on the frame so that a gap is formed between them to fill the frame with reeds. Before filling the mold with reeds, wire is placed in it in the form of U-shaped clamps. The mold is filled with reeds layer by layer with the joints overlapping with the overlying layer of reeds. After filling the mold with reeds, pressing bars are applied and pressed using screw press-clamps. A layer of reeds 650 mm high, laid in a mold, is pressed to 150-200 mm, then the upper pressing bars are removed and the mold is supplemented with a second portion and pressed again until the required layer of pressed reeds 350-400 mm high is formed.
The most common type of reed products are reed slabs, which, according to GOST 7483-58, have the following dimensions: thickness 30, 50,70 and 100 mm, width 550, 950, 1,150 and 1,500 mm and length 2,400, 2,600 and 2 800 mm.
The volumetric weight of slabs with a thickness of 30 and 50 mm is 200-250 kg/m 3 and slabs with a thickness of 70 and 100 mm are 175-200 kg/m 3 . Plates can also be produced with a high volumetric weight.
Reed slabs are used to fill the frames of houses and various agricultural buildings, and are laid as a roll along the beams of interfloor and attic floors; reed slabs are used as thermal insulation materials and in capital construction. They can be laid under parquet or linoleum, etc.
For 1957, a production plan for reed slabs of 12 m2 was established, including (in thousand m2) for the RSFSR - 4,000, Ukrainian SSR - 3,000, Kazakh SSR - 3,000, Uzbek SSR - 1,300, Turkmen SSR - 400, Azerbaijan SSR - 200, Tajik SSR - 100. The 1957 plan was generally exceeded.
In the RSFSR, the largest number of reed products are produced in the Astrakhan region.
In Astrakhan in 1957, the Astrakhankamyshit trust was created, which is one of the largest trusts for the procurement and production of reed slabs (the trust unites several dozen factories). The program for the production of reed slabs at the Astrakhankamyshit trust was 3 million m 2 in 1958, 5 million in 1959, and 8 million m 2 in 1960.
In other areas rich in reed thickets, there is also an increase in the production of reed slabs.
For the production of reed slabs, various presses are used - from the simplest manual ones to mechanized automatic machines, such as the PKTR-3 machine, which produces up to 400 m 2 slabs per shift.
Reed and reed slabs are also used in combination with reinforced concrete, brick, concrete, used for the manufacture of reed-gypsum products, etc.
Kazgiprogorselstroy (at the suggestion of engineer Brand) has developed a complex structure - a reed slab in a reinforced concrete frame, which is both a load-bearing and enclosing structure of walls and ceilings. The rigid design of the reinforced concrete frame, monolithically connected to pressed reed slabs, allows for internal plastering of them in the manufacture of wall and partition panels, as well as floor panels with textured ceilings in room sizes.
In Almaty, a wall design made of large reed concrete blocks is used (proposed by engineer A.K. Ageev). The blocks are made from reeds in cement mortar with the addition of lime, slag and sawdust. The volumetric weight of the blocks is about 1,000 kg/m3.
Other effective designs of large wall blocks and panels reinforced with reeds have also been developed.
The technology for producing products from gypsum and reeds is simple and does not require complex equipment, such as steaming chambers and autoclaves.
The choice of method for producing waterproof gypsum concrete is determined by the availability of one or another local material. Walls made of gypsum concrete blocks reinforced with reeds (in the form of bundles) do not require wooden and reinforced concrete frames and strapping. They can be used to construct buildings with load-bearing walls to a height of one or two floors.
Reed slabs are also used in combination with brick as insulation for stone walls. Reed slabs are placed in stone walls from the outside, followed by plastering with a complex solution. IN rural areas adobe walls are reinforced with reeds.
In the refrigeration industry, reeds were first used as a substitute for expensive imported material - cork.
The first refrigerators using reed slabs instead of imported cork were built in Poti, Novorossiysk, Odessa, Mariupol and other cities. Reed slabs were used to insulate external walls, ceilings and partitions. Insulation of external walls was carried out as follows. During construction brick wall wooden plugs were laid on the outside, the wall was plastered on the inside and, after complete drying, cleaned of dust, unevenness and covered with a thin layer of petroleum bitumen grade 4. Wooden slats were attached to the wall and reed slabs were laid between them. To fasten the slabs together, they were stitched with wooden dowels and secured with wire.
The surface of the slabs was plastered with a mixed cement-lime mortar. Insulation of floors and coverings, depending on construction conditions, was carried out from above or below. The most convenient way to lay reed slabs is from above. Reinforced concrete floor or
the coating is cleaned of dust and covered with petroleum bitumen grade 3, after which reed slabs are laid in dense rows in layers. The first layer is on oil bitumen, the subsequent ones are dry. Reed slabs are first covered with waterproofing, onto which a reinforced concrete layer 5 cm thick is applied and a clean floor is laid. Many refrigerators were built with such insulation.
In the coming years, reed and its waste will be widely used for processing for the production of insulating boards: finishing - semi-pressed and pressed, hard for finishing dry rooms, hard with the addition of phenol-formaldehyde and other resins for floors instead of linoleum, as well as coated with enamels, like hard fibreboards used instead of ceramic facing materials. Window sill boards, doors, furniture parts, beams for house frames, etc. can be made from reeds based on phenol-formaldehyde resins.
For example, in Almaty, a three-room residential building with central heating, water supply and sewerage was built using a new material based on phenol-formaldehyde resin, the so-called press reeds. Load-bearing structures, floors, ceilings, roofing, window and door frames are made of pressed reeds. The structure of the house is frame. The walls are filled with antiseptic reed slabs and lined on both sides with pressed reed - slabs 5 mm thick. The doors consist of a solid pressed frame, sheathed on both sides with slabs of pressed reeds. Window sashes are made from pressed reeds by pressing. After removal from the mold, the pressed bindings are only painted.
Pressed reed is made from the chaff of mature reed by adding up to 18% phenolic resin. After mixing, the mass obtained in the mixer is placed on a tray in an even layer so that as a result of pressing it is compacted 4-6 times.
After preliminary pressing, the pallet with the mass enters the hot pressing press, where it is exposed to a temperature of 150-180° and a pressure of 18-20 kg/cm 2. The duration of pressing is 1 minute per 1 mm of thickness of the finished product.
The pressed elements are kept under load for 3-4 days, after which they go into use. Press reeds can be processed well with carpentry tools and firmly hold nails and screws. Drying oil forms a dense, stable film on it.
The construction of residential buildings from pressed reeds will develop widely in the near future.
Factories and some collective and state farms have organized a wide production of roofing and finishing slabs based on reed waste. Roofing slabs are often made in a wavy shape similar to asbestos slate. The length of the slabs is up to 1,000 mm, width 600-800 mm, thickness 5-6 mm.
The slabs are used to cover residential and industrial buildings. After laying, such slabs are coated with bitumen mastic, which is repeated after 4-5 years.
The technology for making plates is basically as follows. First, the reed cut is prepared using a straw cutter. The chopped reeds are passed through a special grate with certain holes and boiled in a cauldron into which lime milk at the rate of 15% lime to the weight of dry sawdust. Cooking continues for 5-6 hours. The best results are obtained when cooking in a closed kettle under pressure at a temperature of 120-125°.
After cooking, the reed chaff goes into a straining hopper, and then into a crusher for grinding into fibrous mass. From the crusher, the fibrous mass enters a paddle mixer, where water is added to bring the mass to 3.5% concentration and bitumen paste at the rate of 40% by weight of dry fiber. (Bitumen paste consists of grade 3 and 4 bitumen - 45%, clay - 30%, water - 25% and is prepared in advance).
After introducing the bitumen paste, the fibrous mass is thoroughly mixed for 10 minutes. and is fed to molding, after which the forms are delivered to the place where the mass is pressed. The slabs are fed to a hydraulic press and maintained under pressure for 1-1.5 minutes. Then, in order to give the slabs a wavy shape, they are rolled on a wavy template and placed on a wooden frame for subsequent drying. Dried slabs are subjected to “calcination” at a temperature of 80-90° for 10-12 hours.
In many rural areas, reeds are used for clay-reed roofs, which are covered with reed slabs or tied sheaves. Such roofs are most common in the southeastern and southern regions of the USSR. Clay reed roofs are used in Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Siberia and the Urals. In areas with a dry climate, the roof slope angle is 5-7°; in areas where there is more precipitation, the roof slope is allowed up to 40°. In livestock buildings, clay reed roofs are made in the form of insulated roofs without attics, which at the same time serve as the ceiling of the room.
When installing a clay reed roof, the reed stalks are laid on the sheathing along the roof slope in an even layer of about 10 cm. The laid reeds are coated twice with a clay solution with straw chaff.
The straw chaff is first kept in a liquid clay solution for 3-5 days. During this time, the straw chaff is well saturated with clay and becomes soft. The prepared clay solution with the addition of straw chaff is applied to the surface of the reeds in two layers of 2 cm; a second layer of clay grease is applied after one or two days. After final drying, the surface of the clay-reed roof in order to better waterproofing coated with fuel oil or similar materials.
Roofs made of reed slabs are made according to the same principle. Depending on the type of building, the slabs are laid in one or two layers.
In Central Asia, tar roofs are often installed. For this purpose, they use berdan - a braided reed 1-2 m wide and as long as needed (up to 20 m). Berdan laid on the roof is filled with bitumen and sand.
Berdans are made from pre-soaked reeds by passing them through rollers. In rollers, the reeds are split and leveled into strips 3-5 cm wide and up to 3 mm thick. Berdans are woven from flattened ribbons of reeds, their surface is shiny on one side and matte on the other.
Berdans are used for roofing in the following way: the first layer of berdans, glossy side down, is nailed onto the sheathing of reed slabs. Then a layer of bitumen is applied and a second layer of berdana is glued, but with the glossy side up. For better adhesion, the second layer is rolled tightly with a roller. Molten bitumen is again applied to the entire surface, sprinkled evenly with coarse sand and rolled again with a roller.
Reed roofs followed by the application of a waterproofing bitumen layer are used in Romania.
In the near future, it is planned to widely use reeds as raw materials for the production of cardboard, paper and other products of the pulp and paper industry. This year, the construction of a pulp and paper mill in the Privolzhsk region of Astrakhan is being completed. In the near future, a plant for processing reeds into cellulose will be built in Izmail. A cardboard factory was built in Belgorod-Dnestrovsk and a number of other areas.
Along with the chemical processing of reeds in order to obtain paper and cellulose products from it, such as paper, cardboard, various types hard slabs, etc., the use of reeds for the production of furfural, which is a valuable raw material in the manufacture of plastics and other synthetic products, is of great interest.
Reeds at correct use When designed to keep it properly dry during use, it can last for a long time. A particularly long service life of reeds in structures is observed in areas with a dry climate. For example, during the study of Central Asian monuments, buildings with reed belts were discovered, such as in the mausoleums in Chor-Bakhr, the Bukhara region of the Uzbek SSR, the mausoleum of Ali Sultan in Urgench and other areas. Despite the fact that the reed was in structures for a long time, it completely retained its strength and elasticity. The reeds only darkened and did not give the impression of shabby old material at all. In Alma-Ata at the beginning of 1930-1932. A large number of permanent houses were built using manually and mechanically pressed reeds. An examination of a number of buildings after twenty years of operation established their full suitability for further use.
There is information in the literature that the reed slabs laid in the structure of the refrigerator in 1929, when examined in 1952, turned out to be in good condition.
S.I. Rendino in his article points out the durability of reeds in combination with binding materials in the buildings of the Dnieper region, Odessa, Izmail and other cities.
M. M. Kukebaev cites as an example the long service life of reeds in a structure that lasted 26 years, during which the reed mats were well preserved.
V.N. Uspensky refers to documentary evidence that in Vilkovo, Odessa region, there are a number of residential buildings built from reeds 100-140 years ago, which are still suitable for use today. He notes that there are houses (using reeds) with a long service life in Kherson, Poltava, Odessa and other southern cities. Unfortunately, V.N. Uspensky does not provide a description of the design of houses that have proven themselves in operation.
I. B. Khoroshulin, describing reed houses in the city of Vilkovo, which stood for more than 100 years, points out that their design is very simple. This - wooden frame with a top frame and attic floor, with a plank floor prepared from a shell, which serves as waterproofing. Reeds are used as wall material. The walls are coated with a layer of silt or clay with straw cutting.
I. B. Khoroshulin writes that due to moisture, increased rotting of the reeds in the walls occurs, as well as the stack of the frame. He points out that houses built in the last century are held together by regularly renewed frames and walls. The check showed that inside the walls, the lower ends of the racks and the reeds turn into dust after 30-35 years. He concludes that the buildings are preserved due to the annual restoration of adobe-straw walls, the thickness of which over 80-100 years has reached more than 20 cm on each side. During this time, they settled by more than 100 cm.
Thus, an analysis of the existing experience of long-term service of reeds in structures shows that reeds in conditions of high humidity rot and lose mechanical strength.
The short service life of reeds in conditions of high humidity, especially in livestock buildings, is noted in a number of articles.
For example, M. S. Volkovsky, sharing his experience of construction using reeds in the Dzhambul region, writes that the Vostok collective farm was convinced from its own experience of the impracticality and fragility of the construction of reed sheds. In the conditions of Southern Kazakhstan, where there is a lot of snow in winter and a lot of rain in autumn and spring, reed structures become heavily moistened and subject to rotting. As a result, the reeds lose their strength and structures usually become completely unusable after two years.
M. M. Kukebaev, V. G. Kalinichenko and other authors also note the short service life of reeds in agricultural buildings.
Based on practice data, there is a general opinion that it is not advisable to use reed materials in rooms with humidity above 65%. But in buildings where structures using reeds are operated under normal conditions temperature regime, reed slabs and other types of products are in good condition.
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About 200 years ago in Europe already full swing Reeds were used to build houses and roofs. Holland, Denmark, Germany and many others began to build. The surprising thing is that a huge amount of reeds are not used in Ukraine and Russia. He disappears every year. It is known that if you trim the reeds, then the next year it grows even better.
What is reed, from the point of view of construction, as an ornamental material? Reed is an elite material for the construction of houses, gazebos, roofs, insulation mats, and much more. It does not conduct heat, various pests and rodents do not grow in the environment of reed roofs, it is environmentally beneficial for humans, and increases the energy of vitality. Such roofs do not require ventilation.
In winter, a house made of reeds is warm, and in summer it is cool - the effect of air conditioning. At the same time, the energy of a person living in a house built of reeds is many times higher than that of a person living in an ordinary stone house. The advantages of using reeds in house construction are obvious and numerous.
Then the question arises: How much does a roof made of reed sheaves cost? One sheaf has a girth of 60 cm, the length of the sheaf is approximately 2 meters, the thickness of the reeds in the sheaves is approximately the same as a cigarette (this is the type of reed that is used in the construction of roofs). The reeds should be light brown in color and without obvious signs of dampness on the reeds. The cost of selling one sheaf is approximately 1.5 or 2 euros.
For comparison: if your worker mows the reeds. In that case, you pay him 2 hryvnia for the sheaf, he will be simply happy endlessly. Since they usually pay 1 hryvnia 50 kopecks.
But they usually pay less. Then the simple conclusion is that you can earn a lot of money from one mowing.
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Eg; the sheaf machine is a truck that loads 1500-2500 sheaves. You can sell such reeds for 1.5 euros, then if you sell 2000 sheaves, you will have 3000 euros. You will spend approximately 400-500 euros to prepare such a number of sheaves: for workers mowing 2000 sheaves. Calculate your profits yourself. But again, this profit is calculated if you sell sheaves, and not build roofs.
A reed roof costs approximately 50-60 euros per square meter. Profits increase significantly. In addition, the benefit lies in the fact that this niche is practically free. The vast territories of Ukraine, Russia and other countries of the former USSR grow huge quantities of this valuable material, from which huge amounts of cash can be extracted.
As you know, reeds were used not only as a building material. Even bread was made from reed roots. The root contains sugar, carbohydrates and protein. And if you set a goal for harvesting, it is possible to use not only the stem, but also the root.
Reed root is rich in useful elements such as sugar, carbohydrates, and protein. Even bread was made from the reed root in times of famine. And therefore, using these beneficial qualities of the root, any living creature, including humans, can feed.
So, let's try to calculate the net profit, provided that you use reeds for construction. For convenience, let's take the cost 10 square meters roofs. We can earn 5,000 euros for 10 meters of roof. One meter costs 50-60 euros, respectively 10 * 50 = 5000
Construction costs.
Mowing the reeds will cost you: if you consider that for 10 meters of roof it will take about 100 sheaves.
The workers must pay 100 * 2 hryvnia = 200 hryvnia for mowing. Renting a room will cost approximately 50 hryvnia.
Already 250 hryvnia and plus 200 euros for the craftsmen who will cover the roof. In 3 days of work. It takes so much time to cover such an area efficiently. Then you can add a permit for reed mowing to your expenses for $50. Wood for sheathing: $100. Wire for attaching sheaves 10 euros. All costs will not exceed 500 euros per 10 meters of roof. Then your net income will be 5000 euros – 500 euros = 4500 euros.
You get a profit that is 10 times more than the expenses incurred. But reeds can be used to cover more than just a roof. No one is stopping you from making bedding, insulation for floors, walls, and ceilings. When calculated, the benefit from production does not decrease, but only increases.
Where can I get reeds? Reed grows near rivers, lakes, outside the city, on salt marshes. Today it occupies simply vast territories. Reed growth regions. This is Crimea, Kherson, Odessa regions. To find it on the map you need to look at where the river floods are in these places and where the reeds grow. Few people think about this construction material today. Therefore, this can be just a great business if all the steps are done correctly. And the surprising thing is that so few people are involved in this business today.
What needs to be taken into account when calculating?
One conscientious worker can mow about 35 sheaves of reeds per day. Reeds must be stored in ventilated areas. It is necessary to purchase a strong rope in order to tie the reeds tightly. Consumption; 1.5 meters of rope are used per sheaf. It is advisable to wear bandages when working with reeds, since reed pollen penetrates into the lungs.
Be sure to make friends with the green patrol, sanitary and epidemiological station workers, and tax administrators. And it’s best not to loom before their eyes.
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Reading time: 2 minutes. Published 10/13/2016
Oddly enough, as a material for building a house, you can use not only traditional brick or timber, but also ordinary reeds. The use of this material has many positive properties.
The following characteristics of reeds can be distinguished:
- reed grows in almost all regions of our country;
- the cost of reeds is several times lower than other materials;
- the porous structure of reed stems is a good sound insulator and retains heat;
- building slabs from reeds can be made independently;
- reed does not burn and does not rot.
Reed is used as a material for walls, roofs, and ceilings. Mats and slabs are made from reeds. To create high-quality materials, you need to choose the right reeds. 
Several types of building slabs are made from reeds: panels, slabs of reed and gypsum, straw mats, slabs with reinforced concrete frame. Of course, making a house from reed building slabs takes more time, but a house made from this material will be no less warm than a stone one. Reed – safe and environmentally friendly pure material. A house made of reed slabs will last a long time, will be warm and comfortable.
On a note
If you constantly notice that the heating in your home is not working as well as your neighbors' or that the hot water is not that hot. then it’s probably a matter of the thermal insulation of your water supply pipes. Now professionals advise buying a PPU pipe for laying all heat pipes. because The heat loss characteristics on such pipes are much lower. than on standard pipes even in insulation.
From SNiP II-3-79 we know that the “warmest” insulation is polystyrene foam with a density of 40 kg/m 3. But the remaining properties of this material are simply depressing. Poisonous and short-lived. In search of inexpensive, environmentally friendly insulation, we again turn to reeds.
For the manufacture of slabs, reeds harvested in autumn and winter with a humidity of no more than 18% are used. The panicles are cut off, they are not needed in the slabs, only the stems are used.
As for the machine for making reed slabs, so far I have only been able to find one rather primitive design. Its structure, it seems to me, is completely clear from the above figure.
The manufacturing process is also simple. The wire is laid, then reeds and wire ties are laid on top in portions. After casting, this cake is compressed from above with a board laid on edge, the main wire is bent upward and fastened with wire ties.
The main wire is arranged in rows across the stems at intervals of 140-160 mm; after pressing, its raised ends are tightly twisted. Cross ties are spaced at intervals of 100 mm, they cover the main wire and the ends are also tightly twisted.
Reed slabs do not burn, but smolder. Rodents don’t really like them, but it’s useful to soak the slabs in a 10% solution before installation copper sulfate for 1-2 hours and then dry well. The plaster mixture adheres well to the slab without the use of plaster mesh.
The thermal conductivity coefficient of reed slabs, according to various sources, ranges from 0.06 to 0.09 W/(m °C), it all depends on the density of the slabs. Here it is: the more tightly you press, the “colder” the plate.
Opinions also differ regarding the durability of kamyshite, but in any case, kamyshite slabs serve no less than foam plastic ones. Moreover, if the reed layer is protected from the influences of the external environment by a plaster layer. But in terms of environmental friendliness, there are no questions here.
© Yuri Bolotov 2008
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| Erenzen 02/13/12 ALEXANDER, OUR CEILING IS INSULATED THIS WAY: ON THE BLACK CEILING BETWEEN THE BEAMS RUBEROID OR OTHER MATERIAL IS LAYED (THE MAIN THING IS THAT IT BREATHES) THEN THEY ARE DENSELY LAYED WITH A REED PLATE THEN ROLLED IN A THIN LAYER OF LIQUID CLAY. WARM AND ECO-FRIENDLY! |