Forms of verbs in English. Tidy translation and transcription, pronunciation, phrases and sentences How to remember forms of irregular verbs

I bring to your attention several verbs that are synonyms in the same meaning. We see this value everywhere, in different situations and conditions. We are talking about the words "clean, clean." You can meet them in different semantic contexts. After all, you can “clean, clean” anything, starting from any object or thing and ending with a room. Imagine that you are translating a text into English. You use the verb "to clean". We look into the dictionary and what do we see? The dictionary entry for the word "clean" lists several verbs. Which one to choose? Each of them is used in a specific context. To choose the right option, we rely on the semantic content of the context.

Word choice: clean / tidy / do out / dust / polish / brush- meaning "to clean, to clean"

The difference in the use of each of the presented verbs will be clear and understandable if we follow the examples when to use this or that word.

The most famous of all mentioned is the verb clean . We use it to brush our teeth clean one's teeth), clean the suit ( clean a suit), clean up the streets ( clean streets), wash the car ( clean a car), and even clean the gun ( clean a rifle). As we see, “brush your teeth” and “clean your gun” are phrases of a completely different nature, but, nevertheless, we translate them using one verb clean. If we add to this verb the word out, we get the verb "clean up, clean out" ( clean out a room); when adding up- clean up after yourself ( clean up after the picnic).

Synonym of the verb clean in the meaning of "clean the room" is the word tidy . It is often used not by itself, but in combination with up. We take this verb if we clean something or put things in order somewhere ( Tidy up before the guests). In other words, we clean or clean out our habitat. Do you want to use tidy talking about clothes or appearance? Then we will translate differently: Tidy a dress- fix the dress; tidy somebody's hair- Fix your hair.

Have you cleaned (cleaned) any room or furniture set? Then you did out something. Another synonym for the verb clean in the meaning of "clean up" is do out . Example: do out a room, do out a cupboard.

next verb dust also refers to cleaning and cleaning, but its meaning is limited. Since the noun dust translated as “dust”, then you can guess that a similar verb will mean exactly wiping dust on an object ( dust furniture). In one sentence, you can safely use two verbs together - tidy and dust- they will determine the entire cleaning process ( I tidied and dusted the shelves). In combination dust a room concluded the meaning of "clean the room".

Our penultimate verb polish also means “to clean”, but in this case we can talk about shoes or furniture ( shoes or furniture), and in general about some surface that can be rubbed to a shine. It turns out that the attitude to "cleaning" is very conditional.

Verb brush implies the process of cleaning something from some substance, often with a brush: brush mud off a coat, brush somebody's hair / teeth. In combinations brush out / brush down, this verb has the same meanings - to clean, clean, smooth (hair). By the way, the expression brush out a room there is also such a translation - to sweep the room.

But this is not the whole list of verbs that are translated “to clean” in the English dictionary. Here are a few more for reference, but there are many more:

  • peel- clean fruits and vegetables;
  • purge- clean, clean something, clean (from suspicions, from sins);
  • pare- peel, peel (horse hooves);
  • scour- clean, clean (dishes, ditch, car);
  • shine– clean shoes, metal;
  • burnish- clean, polish to a shine, polish;
  • cleanse- cleanse (stomach), cleanse with detergent, disinfect.

In any case, when you translate a phrase or expression with the word “clean”, first of all, study the context in which it occurs in order to choose the right verb for this particular case.

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Verb- this is an independent part of speech that answers the questions what to do ?, what to do? (be, learn, dream, go…)

According to the method of formation of past tense forms (V2) and past participles (V3), all English verbs are divided into 2 groups: regular (Regular Verbs) and irregular verbs (Irregular verbs).

The English verb has three forms. The verb forms are denoted by Roman numerals I, II, III.

I form(or an infinitive without to), for example: to make (to do) - make - the first, or main form that answers the question what to do ?, what to do? With the help of the first form of the verb, the Present Simple Tense is formed. When forming Present Simple Tense, the ending is added to the I form of the verb in the 3rd person singular (he, she, it - he, she, it) -s or -es(he jumpes, she jumpes, it jumpes, he cries, she cries, it cries, he does, she does, it does) . With the rest of the pronouns (I, we, you, you, they - I, we, you, you, they), the I form of the verb is used unchanged.

II form serves to form the simple past tense (Past Simple Tense). When forming the simple past tense, both regular and irregular verbs are used. Regular verbs form II and III forms by adding the suffix form I to the stem –ed(jump - jumped - jump - jumped) . If the verb is not regular, then its past tense form corresponds to the second column in the table of irregular verbs (be - was / were, do - did, make - made).

III form- Participle II (Participle II) - a special form of the verb that denotes a sign of an object by action and answers the questions of an adjective (lost, baked, done). For regular verbs III, the form coincides with II: jump (I) - jumped (II) - jumped (III) (jump - jumped - jumped). II and III forms of irregular verbs can be formed in various ways, indicated below.

Regular verbs

Regular verbs form II and III forms by adding the suffix form I to the stem – ed (- d), which is pronounced like:

  • [ d] after vowels and voiced consonants: to clean (clean) - cleaned (cleaned); to play (play) - played (played);
  • [ t] after the deaf: to work (work) - worked (worked), to look (watch) - looked (looked);
  • after [d] and [t]: to want (want) - wanted (wanted), to mend (repair) - mended (repaired).

When forming II and III forms of verbs, pay attention to the following spelling rules:

  • If the I form is a short root syllable and ends with one consonant, then when adding the ending –ed the last vowel of the root is doubled: to stop (stop) - sto pped(has stopped).
  • -y, preceded by a consonant, the letter y changes to i: to carry (carry) - carried (carried), to study (learn) - studied (studied). But if the stem of the verb ends in -y, which is preceded by a vowel, then the stem of the verb is simply added - ed: to play (play) - played (played), to stay (stay) - stayed (stayed).
  • If the stem of the verb ends in -e, which is not pronounced, then the II and III forms of the verb are formed by adding the ending - d: to arrive (arrive) - arrived (arrived).

Irregular Verbs

Irregular Verbs- these are verbs that have special, fixed forms of the past tense and participles, their forms do not have a clear education algorithm and are learned by memorizing: to make (to do) - made (done) - made (done). Most English irregular verbs are native English, derived from verbs that existed in ancient English language. Most irregular verbs exist as remnants of historical systems of conjugation (changing the verb by person - I'm coming, you're coming, he's coming...).

Irregular verbs are used to form the past simple (Past Simple), present perfect (Present Simple), past perfect tense (Past Perfect), in the passive voice (Passive voice), when converting direct speech into indirect (Reported speech), in conditional sentences ( conditional sentences).

table of irregular verbs

Infinitive past tense Past Participle Translation
arise[ə"raiz]arose[ə"rəuz]arisen[ə"riz(ə)n]arise, appear
wake up[ə"weik]awoke[ə"wəuk]awoken[ə"wəukən]wake up, wake up
be was, were, been to be
bear bore born give birth, bring
beat beat beaten["bi:tn]beat
become became become become
begin began begun start off)
bend bent bent bend, bend
bind bound bound bind
bite bit bitten["bɪtn]bite)
bleed bled bled bleed
blow blew blown blow
break broke broken["broukən]break)
breed bred bred bring up
bring brought brought bring
build built built build
burn burnt burnt burn, burn
burst burst burst explode, explode
buy bought bought buy
cast cast cast throw, pour (metal)
catch caught caught catch, seize
choose chose chosen["tʃouzən]choose, pick
come came come come
cost cost cost cost
cut cut cut cut
dig arc arc dig, dig
do did done do
draw drew drawn draw, draw
dream dream dream dream, dream
drink drank drunk drink
drive drove driven["drɪvən]drive
eat ate eaten["i:tn]there is
fall fell fallen["fɔ:lən]fall
feed fed fed feed
feel felt felt feel
fight fought fought fight
find found found find
fit fit fit fit in size
fly flew flown fly
forget forgot forgotten forget
forgive forgave forgiven forgive
freeze frozen frozen["frouzən]freeze
get got got receive
give gave given["gɪvən]give
go went gone go, walk
grow grew grown grow
hang hung hung hang, hang
have had had have
hear heard heard hear
hide hidden hidden["hɪdn]hide
hit hit hit hit the mark
hold held held Keep
hurt hurt hurt hurt, bruise
keep kept kept keep, save
kneel knelt knelt kneel
knit knit knit knit (knitting needles)
know knew known know
lay laid laid put
lead led led lead, lead
lean lean lean tilt
learn learned learned learn
leave left left leave, leave
lend lent lent borrow, borrow
let let let let
lie lay lain lie
light lit lit illuminate, ignite
lose lost lost lose
make made made do
mean meant meant to mean
meet met met meet
mistake mistook mistaken make mistakes
pay paid paid to pay
put put put put, put
read read read read
ride rode ridden["rɪdn]ride
ring rank rung call, call
rise rose rising["rɪzən]get up
run ran run run away
say said said talk
see saw seen see
seek sought sought search
sell sold sold sell
send sent sent send
set set set put, put
shake[ʃeɪk]shook[ʃʊk]shaken["ʃeɪkən]shake
shine[ʃaɪn]shone[ʃoun, ʃɒn]shone[ʃoun, ʃɒn]to shine, shine, shine
shoot[ʃu:t]shot[ʃɒt]shot[ʃɒt]fire
show[ʃou]showed[ʃoud]shown[ʃoun]show
shrink[ʃriŋk]shrank[ʃræŋk]shrunk[ʃrʌŋk]sit down (about the material), decrease (sya), reduce (sya)
shut[ʃʌt]shut[ʃʌt]shut[ʃʌt]close
sing sang sung sing
sink sank sunk drown
sit sat sat sit
sleep slept slept sleep
smell smelt smelt smell, smell
slide slide slide slide
sow sowed sown sow, sow
smell smelled smelled smell, smell
speak spoke spoken["spoukən]talk
spell spelt spelt to spell
spend spent spent spend
spill spilt spilt shed
sleep spat spat spit
split split split split
spoil spoilt spoilt spoil
spread spread spread spread
stand stood stood stand
steal stole stolen["stoulən]steal
stick stuck stuck to stick, to stick, to stick
sting stung stung sting
strike struck struck hit, strike
striving strove striving["strɪvn]try, strive
wear swore sworn take an oath
sweep swept swept revenge, sweep
swim swam swum to swim
take took taken["teɪkən]take, take
teach taught taught learn
tear tore torn tear
tell told told tell
think[θɪŋk]thought[θɔ:t]thought[θɔ:t]think
throw[θrou]threw[θru:]thrown[θroun]throw
understand[ʌndər "stænd]understood[ʌndər"stʊd]understood[ʌndər"stʊd]understand
upset[ʌp"set]upset[ʌp"set]upset[ʌp"set]upset, upset (plans), upset
wake woke woken["woukən]wake up
wear wore worn wear
weep wept wept cry
wet wet wet wet, moisturize
win won won win, win
wind wound wound writhing, winding, winding (clock)
write wrote written["rɪtn]write

How to remember forms of irregular verbs?

[ˈtaɪdɪ]

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verb

  1. remove (take away, take away)
  2. put in order
  3. clean up

noun

  1. order

Plural number: tidies.

adjective

  1. careful (neat, clean)
  2. not bad

Verb forms

Phrases

tidy house
neat house

tidy woman
neat woman

tidy room
clean room

tidy sum
not a bad amount

tidy the room
clean the room

Offers

Please tidy up your bedroom.
Please clean your bedroom.

We will tidy up our room so Mom is satisfied.
We'll tidy up our room to make Mom happy.

I'm trying to tidy things up a bit.
I'm trying to sort things out a little bit.

Tom started to frantically tidy up his apartment after his mother rank to say she was coming around.
Tom began to feverishly tidy up his apartment when his mother called him and said that she would come.

Tom tidied up the living room.
Tom cleaned up the living room.

If I "d known you were coming, I would" ve tidied the house up a bit.
If I had known you were coming, I would have tidied up the house a little.

While my wife was shopping in town, I tidied up in the kitchen.
While my wife went shopping in the city, I cleaned the kitchen.