Forms of verbs in English. Tidy translation and transcription, pronunciation, phrases and sentences How to remember forms of irregular verbs

I bring to your attention several verbs that are synonyms in the same meaning. We see this value everywhere, in different situations and conditions. We are talking about the words "clean, clean." You can meet them in different semantic contexts. After all, you can “clean, clean” anything, starting from any object or thing and ending with a room. Imagine that you are translating a text into English. You use the verb "to clean". We look into the dictionary and what do we see? The dictionary entry for the word "clean" lists several verbs. Which one to choose? Each of them is used in a specific context. To choose the right option, we rely on the semantic content of the context.

Word choice: clean / tidy / do out / dust / polish / brush- meaning "to clean, to clean"

The difference in the use of each of the presented verbs will be clear and understandable if we follow the examples when to use this or that word.

The most famous of all mentioned is the verb clean . We use it to brush our teeth clean one's teeth), clean the suit ( clean a suit), clean up the streets ( clean streets), wash the car ( clean a car), and even clean the gun ( clean a rifle). As we see, “brush your teeth” and “clean your gun” are phrases of a completely different nature, but, nevertheless, we translate them using one verb clean. If we add to this verb the word out, we get the verb "clean up, clean out" ( clean out a room); when adding up- clean up after yourself ( clean up after the picnic).

Synonym of the verb clean in the meaning of "clean the room" is the word tidy . It is often used not by itself, but in combination with up. We take this verb if we clean something or put things in order somewhere ( Tidy up before the guests). In other words, we clean or clean out our habitat. Do you want to use tidy talking about clothes or appearance? Then we will translate differently: Tidy a dress- fix the dress; tidy somebody's hair- Fix your hair.

Have you cleaned (cleaned) any room or furniture set? Then you did out something. Another synonym for the verb clean in the meaning of "clean up" is do out . Example: do out a room, do out a cupboard.

next verb dust also refers to cleaning and cleaning, but its meaning is limited. Since the noun dust translated as “dust”, then you can guess that a similar verb will mean exactly wiping dust on an object ( dust furniture). In one sentence, you can safely use two verbs together - tidy and dust- they will determine the entire cleaning process ( I tidied and dusted the shelves). In combination dust a room concluded the meaning of "clean the room".

Our penultimate verb polish also means “to clean”, but in this case we can talk about shoes or furniture ( shoes or furniture), and in general about some surface that can be rubbed to a shine. It turns out that the attitude to "cleaning" is very conditional.

Verb brush implies the process of cleaning something from some substance, often with a brush: brush mud off a coat, brush somebody's hair / teeth. In combinations brush out / brush down, this verb has the same meanings - to clean, clean, smooth (hair). By the way, the expression brush out a room there is also such a translation - to sweep the room.

But this is not the whole list of verbs that are translated “to clean” in the English dictionary. Here are a few more for reference, but there are many more:

• peel- clean fruits and vegetables;
• purge- clean, clean something, clean (from suspicions, from sins);
• pare- peel, peel (horse hooves);
• scour- clean, clean (dishes, ditch, car);
• shine– clean shoes, metal;
• burnish- clean, polish to a shine, polish;
• cleanse- cleanse (stomach), cleanse with detergent, disinfect.

In any case, when you translate a phrase or expression with the word “clean”, first of all, study the context in which it occurs in order to choose the right verb for this particular case.

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Verb- this is an independent part of speech that answers the questions what to do ?, what to do? (be, learn, dream, go…)

According to the method of formation of past tense forms (V2) and past participles (V3), all English verbs are divided into 2 groups: regular (Regular Verbs) and irregular verbs (Irregular verbs).

The English verb has three forms. The verb forms are denoted by Roman numerals I, II, III.

I form(or an infinitive without to), for example: to make (to do) - make - the first, or main form that answers the question what to do ?, what to do? With the help of the first form of the verb, the Present Simple Tense is formed. When forming Present Simple Tense, the ending is added to the I form of the verb in the 3rd person singular (he, she, it - he, she, it) -s or -es(he jumpes, she jumpes, it jumpes, he cries, she cries, it cries, he does, she does, it does) . With the rest of the pronouns (I, we, you, you, they - I, we, you, you, they), the I form of the verb is used unchanged.

II form serves to form the simple past tense (Past Simple Tense). When forming the simple past tense, both regular and irregular verbs are used. Regular verbs form II and III forms by adding the suffix form I to the stem –ed(jump - jumped - jump - jumped) . If the verb is not regular, then its past tense form corresponds to the second column in the table of irregular verbs (be - was / were, do - did, make - made).

III form- Participle II (Participle II) - a special form of the verb that denotes a sign of an object by action and answers the questions of an adjective (lost, baked, done). For regular verbs III, the form coincides with II: jump (I) - jumped (II) - jumped (III) (jump - jumped - jumped). II and III forms of irregular verbs can be formed in various ways, indicated below.

Regular verbs

Regular verbs form II and III forms by adding the suffix form I to the stem – ed (- d), which is pronounced like:

• [ d] after vowels and voiced consonants: to clean (clean) - cleaned (cleaned); to play (play) - played (played);
• [ t] after the deaf: to work (work) - worked (worked), to look (watch) - looked (looked);
• after [d] and [t]: to want (want) - wanted (wanted), to mend (repair) - mended (repaired).

When forming II and III forms of verbs, pay attention to the following spelling rules:

• If the I form is a short root syllable and ends with one consonant, then when adding the ending –ed the last vowel of the root is doubled: to stop (stop) - sto pped(has stopped).
• -y, preceded by a consonant, the letter y changes to i: to carry (carry) - carried (carried), to study (learn) - studied (studied). But if the stem of the verb ends in -y, which is preceded by a vowel, then the stem of the verb is simply added - ed: to play (play) - played (played), to stay (stay) - stayed (stayed).
• If the stem of the verb ends in -e, which is not pronounced, then the II and III forms of the verb are formed by adding the ending - d: to arrive (arrive) - arrived (arrived).

Irregular Verbs

Irregular Verbs- these are verbs that have special, fixed forms of the past tense and participles, their forms do not have a clear education algorithm and are learned by memorizing: to make (to do) - made (done) - made (done). Most English irregular verbs are native English, derived from verbs that existed in ancient English language. Most irregular verbs exist as remnants of historical systems of conjugation (changing the verb by person - I'm coming, you're coming, he's coming...).

Irregular verbs are used to form the past simple (Past Simple), present perfect (Present Simple), past perfect tense (Past Perfect), in the passive voice (Passive voice), when converting direct speech into indirect (Reported speech), in conditional sentences ( conditional sentences).

table of irregular verbs

Infinitive		past tense		Past Participle		Translation
arise	[ə"raiz]	arose	[ə"rəuz]	arisen	[ə"riz(ə)n]	arise, appear
wake up	[ə"weik]	awoke	[ə"wəuk]	awoken	[ə"wəukən]	wake up, wake up
be		was, were	,	been		to be
bear		bore		born		give birth, bring
beat		beat		beaten	["bi:tn]	beat
become		became		become		become
begin		began		begun		start off)
bend		bent		bent		bend, bend
bind		bound		bound		bind
bite		bit		bitten	["bɪtn]	bite)
bleed		bled		bled		bleed
blow		blew		blown		blow
break		broke		broken	["broukən]	break)
breed		bred		bred		bring up
bring		brought		brought		bring
build		built		built		build
burn		burnt		burnt		burn, burn
burst		burst		burst		explode, explode
buy		bought		bought		buy
cast		cast		cast		throw, pour (metal)
catch		caught		caught		catch, seize
choose		chose		chosen	["tʃouzən]	choose, pick
come		came		come		come
cost		cost		cost		cost
cut		cut		cut		cut
dig		arc		arc		dig, dig
do		did		done		do
draw		drew		drawn		draw, draw
dream		dream		dream		dream, dream
drink		drank		drunk		drink
drive		drove		driven	["drɪvən]	drive
eat		ate		eaten	["i:tn]	there is
fall		fell		fallen	["fɔ:lən]	fall
feed		fed		fed		feed
feel		felt		felt		feel
fight		fought		fought		fight
find		found		found		find
fit		fit		fit		fit in size
fly		flew		flown		fly
forget		forgot		forgotten		forget
forgive		forgave		forgiven		forgive
freeze		frozen		frozen	["frouzən]	freeze
get		got		got		receive
give		gave		given	["gɪvən]	give
go		went		gone		go, walk
grow		grew		grown		grow
hang		hung		hung		hang, hang
have		had		had		have
hear		heard		heard		hear
hide		hidden		hidden	["hɪdn]	hide
hit		hit		hit		hit the mark
hold		held		held		Keep
hurt		hurt		hurt		hurt, bruise
keep		kept		kept		keep, save
kneel		knelt		knelt		kneel
knit		knit		knit		knit (knitting needles)
know		knew		known		know
lay		laid		laid		put
lead		led		led		lead, lead
lean		lean		lean		tilt
learn		learned		learned		learn
leave		left		left		leave, leave
lend		lent		lent		borrow, borrow
let		let		let		let
lie		lay		lain		lie
light		lit		lit		illuminate, ignite
lose		lost		lost		lose
make		made		made		do
mean		meant		meant		to mean
meet		met		met		meet
mistake		mistook		mistaken		make mistakes
pay		paid		paid		to pay
put		put		put		put, put
read		read		read		read
ride		rode		ridden	["rɪdn]	ride
ring		rank		rung		call, call
rise		rose		rising	["rɪzən]	get up
run		ran		run		run away
say		said		said		talk
see		saw		seen		see
seek		sought		sought		search
sell		sold		sold		sell
send		sent		sent		send
set		set		set		put, put
shake	[ʃeɪk]	shook	[ʃʊk]	shaken	["ʃeɪkən]	shake
shine	[ʃaɪn]	shone	[ʃoun, ʃɒn]	shone	[ʃoun, ʃɒn]	to shine, shine, shine
shoot	[ʃu:t]	shot	[ʃɒt]	shot	[ʃɒt]	fire
show	[ʃou]	showed	[ʃoud]	shown	[ʃoun]	show
shrink	[ʃriŋk]	shrank	[ʃræŋk]	shrunk	[ʃrʌŋk]	sit down (about the material), decrease (sya), reduce (sya)
shut	[ʃʌt]	shut	[ʃʌt]	shut	[ʃʌt]	close
sing		sang		sung		sing
sink		sank		sunk		drown
sit		sat		sat		sit
sleep		slept		slept		sleep
smell		smelt		smelt		smell, smell
slide		slide		slide		slide
sow		sowed		sown		sow, sow
smell		smelled		smelled		smell, smell
speak		spoke		spoken	["spoukən]	talk
spell		spelt		spelt		to spell
spend		spent		spent		spend
spill		spilt		spilt		shed
sleep		spat		spat		spit
split		split		split		split
spoil		spoilt		spoilt		spoil
spread		spread		spread		spread
stand		stood		stood		stand
steal		stole		stolen	["stoulən]	steal
stick		stuck		stuck		to stick, to stick, to stick
sting		stung		stung		sting
strike		struck		struck		hit, strike
striving		strove		striving	["strɪvn]	try, strive
wear		swore		sworn		take an oath
sweep		swept		swept		revenge, sweep
swim		swam		swum		to swim
take		took		taken	["teɪkən]	take, take
teach		taught		taught		learn
tear		tore		torn		tear
tell		told		told		tell
think	[θɪŋk]	thought	[θɔ:t]	thought	[θɔ:t]	think
throw	[θrou]	threw	[θru:]	thrown	[θroun]	throw
understand	[ʌndər "stænd]	understood	[ʌndər"stʊd]	understood	[ʌndər"stʊd]	understand
upset	[ʌp"set]	upset	[ʌp"set]	upset	[ʌp"set]	upset, upset (plans), upset
wake		woke		woken	["woukən]	wake up
wear		wore		worn		wear
weep		wept		wept		cry
wet		wet		wet		wet, moisturize
win		won		won		win, win
wind		wound		wound		writhing, winding, winding (clock)
write		wrote		written	["rɪtn]	write

How to remember forms of irregular verbs?

[ˈtaɪdɪ]

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verb

1. remove (take away, take away)
2. put in order
3. clean up

noun

1. order

Plural number: tidies.

adjective

1. careful (neat, clean)
2. not bad

Verb forms

Phrases

tidy house
neat house

tidy woman
neat woman

tidy room
clean room

tidy sum
not a bad amount

tidy the room
clean the room

Offers

Please tidy up your bedroom.
Please clean your bedroom.

We will tidy up our room so Mom is satisfied.
We'll tidy up our room to make Mom happy.

I'm trying to tidy things up a bit.
I'm trying to sort things out a little bit.

Tom started to frantically tidy up his apartment after his mother rank to say she was coming around.
Tom began to feverishly tidy up his apartment when his mother called him and said that she would come.

Tom tidied up the living room.
Tom cleaned up the living room.

If I "d known you were coming, I would" ve tidied the house up a bit.
If I had known you were coming, I would have tidied up the house a little.

While my wife was shopping in town, I tidied up in the kitchen.
While my wife went shopping in the city, I cleaned the kitchen.